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OregonDepartmentof Agriculture
StateofOregonDepartmentofAgricultureStateofOregonDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality
ConfinedAnimalFeedingOperation(CAFO)
NPDESProposedCAFOIndividualPermitforLostValleyFarm,GregteVelde
ResponsetoPublicComments
TableofContents:
I. SummaryandDiscussionofCommentsBeyondtheScopeofthePermit…………............................1II. ResponsestoRecurringThemes………………………………………………………………………………………..5III. WaterQualityNPDESIndividualPermitComments……………………………………………………………9IV. SummaryofchangestotheNPDESIndividualPermit………………………………………………………24V. IndexofCommenters………………………………………………………………………………………………………25
I. SUMMARY
TheOregonDepartmentofAgriculture(ODA)andDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality(DEQ)providedapublicnoticeandcommentperiodontheproposednewConfinedAnimalFeedingOperation(CAFO)inODAArea5(NorthCentralOregon).OnJune28,2016,theagenciesissuedaPublicNotice.OnJuly28,2016,apublichearingwasheldinBoardmanatthePortofMorrowRiverfrontCenter.ThisinitialpubliccommentperiodclosedAugust4,2016.Theagenciesre-openedthecommentperiodfromOctober3,2016toNovember4,2016afterreceivingarequestfromtheStateEnvironmentalJusticeTaskForce.ODAandDEQreceived4,147commentsontheproposedpermit.
• 1993ofthecommentswereformlettersopposedtoissuingthepermit.• 2117peopletotalsignedtwopetitionssubmittedinopposition(1868ononeand249on
another).o 7ofthe2117petitionersprovidedadditionalwrittencomments.
• 156peopleprovidedindividualwrittencomments(9infavorand147opposingthepermit).• 77peopleattendedthepublichearingheldinBoardman.• 7oralcommentswereprovidedatthehearing(6infavorand1withconcernsaboutthe
permitdetails).
ThepermitisanindividualNationalPollutantDischargeElimination(NPDES)CAFO(ConfinedAnimalFeedingOperation)permit,preparedthroughFederalCleanWaterAct(CWA)authoritydelegatedtotheStateofOregon.Thispermitpackageconsistsofthreedocuments:AnNPDESpermit,apermitevaluationreport(PER),andanAnimalWasteManagementPlan(AWMP).ThepermitandtheAWMPbyreference,providetherequiredconditions,controls,limitsandmonitoringnecessaryforenvironmentalprotectionassociatedwiththefacilityanditsoperations.ThePERprovidesthescienceandpolicybasisforthepermitandAWMP.
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Summaryoforalcomments:
Oralcommentsatthepublichearingwerelargelysupportiveoftheproposeddairyciting:positiveeconomicimpacts;goodmanagementofmanureandwaterresources;useofbestmanagementpracticesthataresustainable;andprovisionofgoodunionjobs.Acommenterexpressedconcernsthatthedairystartedconstructionbeforethepermithasbeenissued;potentialnegativeimpactstogroundandsurfacewater;nitrogenlevelimpactsfromapplications;fugitivedustandodors;andaccesstothedairyforanimalwelfareconcerns.Responsestotheseconcernscanbefoundbelow.
Commentsthataddressissuesthatarebeyondthescopeofthepermit:
Manyofthewrittencommentsincludingtheformletters,addressedthefollowingareasofconcern:1)AirQuality;2)WorkerSafety,and3)AnimalHealth/Welfare,4)antibioticresistance,and5)othermiscellaneousissues.ODAandDEQacknowledgetheseconcerns,buttheyareeithernotwithinODAandDEQ’sauthority,orareaddressedthroughregulatorymechanismsotherthanawaterqualitypermit.However,asummaryaddressingeachconcernisfoundbelow.
1.AirQuality
CommentsincludedconcernsthatemissionsfromthedairywouldcontributetotheColumbiaRiverGorgeNationalScenicAreahazeproblems,contributetoGreenhouseGasemissions,causefugitivedustproblems,andimpactcriteriaairpollutants.Allofthesecommentswererelatedtoairemissionsandtheimpactsofthedairyonairquality.
ThecommentsregardingairqualityarebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit.TheproposedPermitcanonlyregulatedischargestosurfaceandgroundwatersofOregon.DEQistheOregonAgencyresponsibleforimplementingtheCleanAirAct(CAA)andissuingairqualitypermitswhererequired.ORS468A.020(1)(a)exemptsagriculturaloperationsfrommostairqualitylaws.Currently,theonlyrequirementforCAFOsinOregontoobtainanairpermitfromDEQisforcombustingbiogasfromadigester.WhiletheLostValleyRanch(LVF)AWMPdoesmentionadigester,theapplicanthasinformedtheagenciesthathedoesnotplantoimplementadigesteratthistime.However,theapplicantindicatedhewouldconsiderimplementingadigesteratalaterdateifitiseconomicallyfeasible.Ifadigesterisaddedaspartofthewastetreatmentfacilitiesatafuturedate,theagencieswouldreviewtheproposalandrequiretheappropriateairpermit.
TheColumbiaRiverGorgeNationalScenicAreaStudyof2011identifiesammoniaemissionsfromanimalfeedingoperations(AFOs)asoneofthesourcesofhaze.Theagenciesagreethatthereport’s2-partstrategyforreducingemissionsfromdairyCAFOsisimportanttoconsiderandagreethatthedairiesshouldimplementBestManagementPracticesforemissionreductionsandparticipateinvoluntaryprogramstoreduceemissions.ODAhasrequiredexistinglargeCAFOstocalculatetheirammoniaemissionsandreportthemundertheCAAcommunityrighttoknowsection.PermitconditionsintheCAFONPDESindividualPermitmustaddressCleanWaterActrequirementsbut,theagencieshavesuggestedthatLVFcalculatethepotentialairemissionsofammoniaandhydrogensulfidefromthefacilityandreportthoseamountsaccordingtoEPCRAsection304.LVFintendstoimplementalonglistofwaterqualitybestmanagementpractices(BMP)andmanyofthosepracticesalsohaveabenefitforairemissions.BMPsconsistofbothstructuralandmanagementpractices.SomeofstructuralBMPstobeimplementedinclude:
• Storingfeedinsealedorcoveredstructures• Bio-Linkmanuretreatment
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• Coveredmanurestoragefacilities
SomeofthemanagementBMPstobeimplementedinclude:
• Advancedrationformulationforproteinsource,amountandstarchcontentthathasbeenshowninresearchtrialstoreduceemissionsbyupto40%;
• Frequentcollectionofmanurefrombarnsandmilkingcentertominimizeexposureandemissions;
• Plantingofnitrogen-fixingcropstoremovenitrogencompoundsfromtheatmosphere;• Plantingtreestoutilizenitrogen;• Maintaininghighproductionefficiencytominimizeanimalnumbers;• Rapidincorporationoflandappliedsolidmanuretominimizeemissions.
GreenhouseGas(GHG)andCriteriaAirPollutants:DEQAirProgramsmonitorairpollutantstodeterminestatuswithNationalAmbientAirQualityStandards(NAAQS).WhenambientmonitoringrevealsaNAAQSviolation,DEQtakesnecessarystepstoidentifythepollutantsourcesandtoimplementstrategiestoretaincompliancewiththestandards.Currently,theDEQmonitoringstationinclosestproximitytotheproposeddairyislocatedinHermiston,Oregon.
2.WorkerSafetyandOverallHumanHealthConcerns
Commentersexpressedconcernaboutthefacility’simpactonhumanhealthgenerallyandspecificallyondiseasecontrol,risksofdevelopingantimicrobialresistance,workersafetyconditions,andtheeffectsofmilkconsumptiononhumanhealth.
ODAandDEQcanonlyaddressconcernsabouttheeffectofCAFOfacilitiesonhumanhealththatarewithintheregulatoryscopeoftheFederalCleanWaterActandproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit.TheFederalCleanWaterActandtheproposedPermitprohibitandregulatedischargesofpollutantsfromaCAFOfacilitytosurfaceandgroundwatersofOregon.
Withregardtocommentsaboutworkersafety,ODAandDEQarenotauthorizedtoaddresssuchconcernsintheNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit.Theagenciesnotehowever,thattheCenterforDiseaseControl’sNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH)istheFederalagencythatconductsresearchonworkersafetyandhealth.In2005,theNIOSHconductedaHealthHazardEvaluation(HHE)studyatThreemileCanyonFarmsandissuedareport(HETA#2005-0271-2996)thatfoundworker-levelconcentrationofbothammoniaandhydrogensulfidewerewithinrecommendedlevelsforworkerexposure.ThisstudyisrelevantinformationtoaddresstheconcernsofcommentersbecausetheThreemileCanyonFarmsfacilityisofsimilarsizetothefacilityproposed.
Withregardtocommentsaboutworkersafety,theagenciesnotethatinOregon,workersafetyisoverseenbytheOregonOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OROSHA).AllpertinentworkersafetyregulationswouldbeaddressedbyOROSHA.PersonswithconcernsaboutworkersafetymaycontactOregonOSHAor,visittheirwebsiteformoreinformation:http://osha.oregon.gov/Pages/index.aspx.
3.AnimalHealthandWelfare
Commentersexpressedconcernaboutcowandcalfhandling,theeffectsofconfinementofanimalsattheproposedfacility,andanimalcrueltygenerally.
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AnimalhealthandwelfareconcerncommentsarebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit.TheproposedPermitregulatesdischargestosurfaceandgroundwatersofOregonandonlycontainsprovisionsthatprotectsurfaceandgroundwaterquality(ORS468B215(3)).Anyanimalwelfareconcerns,includinganyallegedviolationsofOregonanimalwelfarelaws,wouldbehandledbythelocalsheriff’sofficeortheOregonHumaneSociety;http://www.oregonhumane.org.TheOregonHumaneSocietyhasHumaneSpecialAgentswhoarecertifiedpoliceofficerscommissionedbytheOregonStatePolicetoinvestigateanimalcrimes.
TheLostValleyFarmoperatorsdoparticipateintheNationalMilkProducersFederationFARManimalcareprogramattheirWillowCreekDairysiteanddidhaveathirdpartyauditin2016.
4.AntibioticResistance
CommentersexpressedconcernthattheuseofantibioticsorantimicrobialagentsinCAFOfacilitiesleadstoantibioticresistantpathogens.
NPDESpermitsgovernthedischargeofwastefromCAFOfacilities,butdonotauthorizetheagenciestoregulatetheuseofantibioticsorantimicrobialswithinthefacilitiesthemselves.
Notwithstandingtheabove,theagenciesnotethattheFederalFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasrecentlyenactednewregulationsthatrestrictallanimalantibioticusetoonlythosematerialsprescribedbyalicensedveterinarianunderanactiveVeterinarian/ClientRelationship.SinceJanuary1,2017,FDAprohibitsanygrowthpromotionuseofantibioticsinfoodanimals.Inaddition,withregardtodetectionofpharmaceuticalsinfood,allmilkproducedbytheproposeddairywillberequiredtobetestedforantibioticresiduesandcannotbesoldifitviolatesanyFDAstandards.Finally,theUSDAalsoconductssurveillanceofslaughterfacilitiestocheckforantibioticresiduesinanimalcarcassesandrejectsanycarcassthatviolatesanyFDAstandards.
Withregardtocommentsabouttheuseofpharmaceuticalsasthisusemayaffectpublichealthgenerally,thesecommentsarebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit,exceptinsofaraspharmaceuticalusecouldimpactwaterquality.Withregardtocommentsaboutpharmaceuticalsthatmaybecontainedinwaste,seeresponsetocommentsbelow.
5.Miscellaneouscommentsthataddressissuesthatarebeyondthescopeofthepermit
Say“No”toFactoryFarmsinOregon(118-339)
CommentersexpressedconcernaboutlowmilkpricesresultingfromtheoperationoflargedairyfacilitiesandconcernthatanewMegaDairyopeningwillputpressureonremainingfamilyscaledairyfarms.
Thesecomments,whichaddressagriculturaleconomicsarebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermitissuedpursuanttoOregonlawsgoverningwaterqualityandtheFederalCleanWaterAct.
DenyMegaDairy(340-378)
Commentersstatedthatmodernsciencetellsusthatthereisnoreasonforhumanstoconsumecow’smilkandthatitisactuallydetrimentaltoourhealth.
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Thesecommentsrelatedtohumandietaryconcerns,arebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit,whichgovernsthedischargeofpollutantsintowatersoftheState.
NGOCoalition(98):Food&WaterWatch,ColumbiaRiverKeeper,FriendsofFamilyFarmers,NorthwestEnvironmentalDefenseCenter,OregonPhysiciansforSocialResponsibility,OregonChapterSierraClub,FriendsoftheColumbiaGorge,HumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,andCenterforBiologicalDiversity
TheNGOcoalitioncommentedaboutthepotentialofthefacilitytoemitammonia,greenhousegasesandotherairpollutants,aswellasexpressingconcernabouttheuseofpharmaceuticalsonthefacilitythattheyassertdevelopsantimicrobialresistantpathogensthatcouldultimatelythreatenpublichealth.
SeeaboveresponsesregardingconcernsaboutairemissionsfromCAFOfacilitiesandaboveresponsesaddressingcommentsaboutantibioticresistance.II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes
Variouscommentsincludedinthisdocumentaddressedthesameorsimilarconcerns.Inthissection,theAgencieshaveincludedsomegeneralresponsestothesecomments.Responsestosuchcommentsbelowwillbereferencedtoresponsesinthissection.
1. Commentersnotefederalregulationsrequirethatbestprofessionaljudgmentandbestmanagementpracticesshouldbeappliedforsurfacewaterdischargesinlieuofyet-to-be-establishedtechnologybasedlimitsforpollutantsforwhicheffluentlimitguidelineshavenotbeendevelopedonacase-by-casebasisforeachpermit.ThecommentersfurtherassertthattherearesignificantwastestreamssuchaspharmaceuticalsandmetalsthatarenotaddressedbytheeffluentlimitguidelinesforlargeCAFOs.
ItisnotclearwhetherpharmaceuticalsandmetalswillconstituteasignificantportionoftheCAFOwastestream.However,giventhatthispermitprohibitsdischargestosurfacewaters,theagenciesconsiderthisprohibitionsufficientintermsofcompliancewiththecitedfederalregulation(includingCWA40CFR122.44(a)(1)).
Intermsofpotentialdischargesofpharmaceuticalstogroundwater,withregardtolandapplicationactivities,theagencieshaveconsideredwhetheranimalpharmaceuticalsandmetalsintheCAFOwastestreamhavethepotentialtoreachgroundwater.Toaddressthisandothergroundwaterconcerns,thepermitlimitsonapplicationrates(wastewater,manureandwater),theprohibitionagainsteffluentleachingbelowtherootzone,andmandatorysoilandgroundwatermonitoringshouldprotectthegroundwaterresourcesfromanydischargesofwastewaterthatmaycontainpharmaceuticals.
Inaddition,thepermitrequiresmonitoringofgroundwaterfornitrateandotherpollutants.Nitrateisanindicatorofpollutioningeneralbecauseitisrelativelystableingroundwater,andhighlysolubleandmobile.Usingnitrate,themonitoringrequiredinthepermitwillenabletheagenciestotrackwhetherwastematerialsaremovingpasttherootzoneintothewatertable.Ifso,irrigationandapplicationrateswillbeadjustedaccordingly.
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2.Severalcommentersexpressedconcernfor:(1)dischargesofwastewaterrunofftosurfacewatersofthestate,(2)sufficiencyofprotectivemeasuresinthepermit,(3)sufficiencyofmonitoringand;(4)applicationratesoffertilizer.
Becauseoftheexistinggroundwatermanagementareaattheproposeddairysite,thePermitcontainsprotectiveprovisionsnotgenerallyincludedinCAFOPermits.TheindividualNPDESCAFOPermit(Permit)proposedforthisfacilityisdesignedtocontrolallproductionareaandlandapplicationareaoperationssothatnodischargeoccurstosurfacewatersofthestateandanydischargetogroundwaterdoesnotexceedconcentrationlimits.ThePermitincludesgroundwaterprotectivemeasuresthataddressagriculturalpracticesattheCAFOsothatnitratetrendsintheGWMAimprove.Assuch,DEQandODAarerequiringnewwastewaterfacilitiesintheGWMAtoapplynitratetreatment/controlsbeyondnorms,particularlyduetopermeablesoilsintheareaandthemechanismsofcropnutrientuptake.TheseprotectivemeasuresforLVFincludevariousenhancedrequirements:doublelinedlagoonswithleakdetection,waterchemistrysamplingbelowtherootzone,innovativefeedbackinformationtocontrolirrigationandfertilizationratesandtiming,nolandapplicationonfrozensoil,andLVFistopographicallysituatedsuchthatrunofftosurfacewatersisextremelyunlikely.
ThePermitprohibitsdischargestosurfacewaters,exceptduringafloodofspecifiedmagnitudeorgreateroccurs(1in25yearprobabilityofa24hourdesignstorm).Innormalanddesignstormconditions,anysurfacedischargeislimitedtothefollowing:ThePermitcontainsnumericeffluentlimitsrestrictinganysurfacewaterdischargethatmayoccurtothequantitationlimitof0.1mg/Lfornitrateandthequantitationlimitof2cfu/100mlforbacteria(cfu-colonyformingunits).ThepermitalsoprohibitsdischargesoftotalKjeldahlnitrgen(TKN)andtotalphosphorusof0.2mg/land0.1mg/l,respectively.
Anydischargetogroundwatermustnotexceedthebackgroundconcentrationlimitssetbytheagencies.Monitoringwellsarerequiredatthefacility.GiventhatthisfacilityisanewsourceintheGroundwaterManagementArea(GWMA,areaofshallowaquiferwithexcessivenitrateconcentrations),theagenciesmustensurethatthePermitwillnotallowanyfurtherdegradationofstatewatersandhavedonethatwiththeeffluentandgroundwatercompliancelimits.Thepermitwillbeissuedwithinterimnumericlimitsbasedonavailablepreliminarygroundwatermonitoringdataatthesite.Quarterlymonitoringhasbeenundertaken(4wellsinproductionarea),andwillbeexpandedto7morewellscoveringthelandapplicationarea.Themonitoringwellswillbelocatedaroundtheproductionandlandapplicationareastoevaluatetheimpactthefacilityoperationshaveongroundwater.Thepermitwillprovideforrefinementofthegroundwaternumericcompliancelimitsafterthefirsttwoquartersofdataareavailablefromthe7additionalwellsfollowingpermitissuance,andthenafterninequartersofmonitoringfromallwells(11ormoreifneeded),finallimitswillbeestablishedfordowngradientwells,basedonbackground,foralldowngradientcompliancewells.Concentrationlimitsareestablishedfornitrate,totalkjeldahlnitrogen(TKN),totalphosphorousandbacteria.
Thenumericconcentrationlimits,shallbeestablishedatthebackgroundwaterqualitylevelsofallcontaminantsasrequiredbyOAR340-040-0030(3)(b).
LandapplicationofmanureandprocesswastewaterisallowedinthepermitonlyifitisatorbelowagronomicapplicationratesandinaccordancewiththeAWMP.Thelandapplicationareafieldsattheproposedfacilityhaveahistoryofcropproductionincludingpivotirrigatedrowcropproductionanddripirrigatedtreeproduction.ThePermitrequiresthatallfieldsthatreceivemanure,processwastewaterorcontaminatedstormwaterbemonitoredandinstrumentedsothattheirrigationactivitiesdonotleachspecifiedpollutantsincludingnitratepasttherootzone.Allfieldsthatreceivemanure,processwastewaterorcontaminatedstormwatermusthaveannual,post-harvestsoilsamplescollectedand
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analyzedfornitratenitrogenlevelsatmultiplesoildepths.Selectedfieldswillhavelysimeters,installedimmediatelybelowtherootzone,tomonitorthesoilwaterfornutrientcontentinthevadosezone.ThePermitrequiresthatalloftheprocesswastewaterstoragelagoonsbedoublelinedwithsyntheticmaterialandequippedwithleakdetectionsystemssothatanyleakwillbedetectedandcanberepairedsothatnowastefromstoragefacilitiesentersintogroundwater.Theprocesswastestoragefacilitiesarenotallowedtoleakordischargetogroundwater.
Theagenciesrequirethattheoperatorinstallandsamplegroundwater-monitoringwellsandthepermitprohibitsexceedanceofconcentrationlimitssetbytheagenciesbasedoncalculationsofdatacollectedfromupanddowngradientmonitoringwells.Thepermitwillbeissuedwithinterimnumericlimitsbasedonavailablepreliminarygroundwatermonitoringdataatthesite.Quarterlymonitoringhasbeenundertaken(4wellsinproductionarea),andwillbeexpandedto7morewellscoveringthelandapplicationarea.Thepermitwillprovideforrefinementofthegroundwaternumericcompliancelimitsafterthefirsttwoquartersofdataareavailablefromthe7additionalwellsfollowingpermitissuance.Afterninequartersofmonitoringfromallwells(11ormoreifneeded),finallimitswillbeestablishedfordowngradientwellsbasedonbackgroundforalldowngradientcompliancewells.Concentrationlimitsareestablishedfornitrate,totalkjeldahlnitrogen(TKN),totalphosphorousandbacteria.
Therequiredgroundwater-monitoringplanwillrequirequarterlymonitoringforasuiteofchemical,biologicalandphysicalmetricsfromallofthemonitoringwells.Thegroundwater-monitoringnetworkresultswillbeusedtoevaluatewhethertheproductionareaandlandapplicationareasaremeetingthepermitrequirements.
Theproposedfacilitymustuseactualanalyticalresultsfromsamplesofmanureandprocesswastewatertocalculateagronomicapplicationrates.TheactualresultswilltakeintoaccounttheactualstoragevolatilizationlossesandreplacetheoreticalvolatilizationlosseslistedintheinitialAWMP.Therequirementforcropyieldandpost-harvestsoilmonitoringforallfieldswilltakeintoaccountallformsofnitrogenthatareappliedtothesoilbyanymeansfromanysourceandtheamountsremovedbytheharvestedcrops.
Alllandappliedmanureandprocesswastewateramountsmustbecalculatedusingactual,recentsampledataandincludeallsourcesofnitrogentodeterminetheagronomicapplicationrate.3. Thefollowingaddressescommentsregardingthepotentialforwastewaterrunofftosurfacewatersofthestate.
TheLVFdoesnotproposetodischargetoanysurfacewatersinthatitdoesnothaveanyconveyanceorpipethatdischargesdirectlyintosurfacewaters.ThisisaconcentratedanimalfeedingoperationthatispermittedonthebasisofthenumberofanimalsthatwillbeconfinedatthefacilityratherthanduetothefacilitydischargingpollutantstowatersoftheUnitedStatesastypicallyrequiresNPDESPermitcoverage.Ifthefacilityweretoexperienceadischargethatdidenteranysurfacewaterinexcessofnumericpermitlimits,suchactivitywouldconstituteapermitviolation.
Intheeventofasurfacewaterdischarge,thefacilitywouldberequiredtosampleandmonitorthedischargeaccordingtoconditionsasstatedinSectionsS4.A(1)andS4.D.(1)(2)ofthedraftpermit.Theonlysurfacewaterbodyadjacenttothefacilityisasubstantiallybermedandconcrete-linedirrigationcanalthatislocatedatanelevationthatishigherthantheCAFOproductionarea.Theregulationsrequirea100-footbufferwherelandapplicationofmanureorprocesswastewaterareprohibitedadjacenttoanysurfacewaters.Inthealternative,theregulationsspecifythatastructuralor
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topographicfeaturethatisadjacenttoanysurfacewaterinlandapplicationareasmaybepresentandsophysicallypreventfieldrunofffromenteringthesurfacewater.Inthiscase,thelocationandtheelevationofthecanalrelativetothefacilityleadstheagenciestoconcludethatitwouldbeextremelyunlikelythatstormwaterrunoffcouldenterthecanal.Inaddition,thesiteislocatedinaninteriordrainageareawithsmallcatchmentthatwouldpreventfacilitydischargesfromenteringsurfacewaters.Anyfloodingorlagoonbreachwouldnotfeasiblyovertopthelowestpourpoints(theColumbiaImprovementDistrictCanalfortheproductionareaandmuchofthelandapplicationarea;andthelowerendofsandhollow,andinteriordrainageareawhichwouldreceiveanyreleasesfromtheeasternlandapplicationareaofthesite).
ThePermitprohibitstheproductionareaandlandapplicationareasfromdirectlydischarginganymanure,processwastewaterorcontaminatedstormwaterintotheadjacentcanaloranyothersurfacewaters.TheColumbiaRiverisover9milestothenorthofthefacilityatitsclosespoint.ButterCreekisover8milestotheeastofthefacilityatitsclosestpoint.Duetothedistanceofthefacilityfromthesesurfacewatersourcesandinterveningtopography,theagenciesdonotbelievethatanydischargesfromthefacilitywouldreachthesesurfacewaters.
Theagenciesdonotbelievethattherecouldbeanydischargesfromproductionareaorlandapplicationintothecanal.Becauseofthetopographyoftheareawherethefacilityislocated,therearenooverlandflowpathsfromtheproductionareaandlandapplicationareastothelinedirrigationcanalsoranyothersurfacewaters.Usingtopographicmappingtoolsandasitevisit,DEQconservativelyestimatesthatinorderforalagoonbreachorstormeventtocausefloodingsufficientlytoflowintothecanal,surfacewaterwouldhavetoaccumulatetoadepthof6feetonaverage(12feetmaximum)overanareaof1squaremile.Thatis,3,840acre-feetofwateror,1.25billiongallons.Thetotallagoonvolume,bycomparisonis96.8milliongallons(1/13thofthepondablearea).Intermsofastormevent,thecatchmentareaissmall,lessthan150squaremiles.Theagencieshavedeterminedthatitisnotfeasiblethatfloodingorwastewatercouldrisetoalevelthatwouldimpactsurfacewater.
4. Somecommentersexpressedconcernaboutthequantityofwaterbeingusedbythedairy.
TheagenciescoordinatedthePermitdevelopmentandreviewwiththeOregonWaterResourcesDepartment(OWRD)toensurethattheamountoflegalwaternecessarytooperatethefacilityandprovideirrigationforthecropsystemwillbeavailable.Thewateruseproposedbythefacilityisprimarilyderivedfromlong-standingexistingwaterrightsthathavealwaysbeenusedforagriculturalcropproduction.Waterusedinadairyproductionprocessesisreusedseveraltimesandisultimatelycollectedintheprocesswastewatersystemandusedascropirrigationwater.OWRDisresponsibleforallwaterrightactivitiesandhasreviewedtheLVFPermitandAWMPforthedairyandcropsystemoperations.
Thedairyhasproposedtotransferexistingsurfacewaterrightstoanotherlandownerfortheirexistinggroundwaterrights.Theproposedtransferisconditionedtonotincreasetheuseofgroundwaterinthearea.LVFwillhavetooperateincompliancewithanyapplicablestatutesorrulesgoverningwaterappropriationanduse.
Inaddition,theagenciesareconditioningtheAWMPtolimitthenumberofanimalsthatmaybeconfinedonthefacilitytothatnumberwhichmaybesustainedbypresentlyavailablelegalsourcesofwatersupply.
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III.WaterQualityNPDESIndividualPermitComments
ProvidedbelowareODAandDEQ’sresponsetothespecificcommentsforthepermit.Thepersonsororganizationsthatprovidedcommentsarenamedinbold(orindexednumericallytotheenclosedlistofcommenternames)followedbyasummaryoftheircomments.TheAgencies’responseisprovidedinitalicsimmediatelyfollowingeachcomment.Say“No”toFactoryFarmsinOregon(117-338)
1. Contaminationofgroundwaterthroughexcessiveapplicationofmanureinareaswithcompromisedwaterquality.Environmentalconcerns.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2).
DenyWillowCreekDairyWaterPollutionPermit(339-378)
1. Proposeduseof325milliongallonsofwaterisasmuchwateras11,100Oregoniansuse.Watershouldgotocitizenstoproducemillionsofpoundsoffruitandvegetablestofeedourpeople.Oregoninseriousdroughtconditions,wecannotbewastefulwithourwater.
Seeresponseaboveaddressingwatersuppliesforthedairy.UnderOregonlaw,waterusedforagriculturalusesisabeneficialuseofwater.
2. 30,000cowswillneedtobefed,likelyaheavydietofcornandothergrainsthatneedfertilizertogrow.Bothfertilizerandthe187milliongallonsofmanurerunoffintoourwaterways.Runoffisrichinnutrientslikenitrogenthatendupcausinganimbalanceinwaterthatleadstodeadzones.
Seeresponsesaboveaddressingsurfacewaterdischarge.TheindividualNPDESCAFOPermit(Permit)proposedforthisfacilityisdesignedtocontrolallproductionareaandlandapplicationareaoperationssothatnodischargeoccurstosurfacewatersofthestateandanydischargetogroundwaterdoesnotexceedconcentrationlimits.
Permitprohibitions,controlsandmonitoringdesignedtopreventrunoffisfurtheraddressedinaprecedingcommentarefurtheraddressedingeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2).
NGOCoalition(98):Food&WaterJusticeProgram,ColumbiaRiverKeeper,FriendsofFamilyFarmers,NorthwestEnvironmentalDefenseCenter,OregonPhysiciansforSocialResponsibility,OregonChapterSierraClub,FriendsoftheColumbiaGorge,HumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,andCenterforBiologicalDiversity
Initialcommentperiod(8/4/16):
1.CAFOPollutionisasignificantthreattoOregon’sWaterways.
TheagenciesagreethatCAFOsgenerateandmustmanagelargequantitiesofpotentialpollutantsandforthosereasonshaverequiredLVFtoobtainanNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit.ThePermitcontainslimitationsandrequirementsthatpreventspecificdischargesandprotectbothsurfaceandgroundwatersofOregon.
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Alsorefertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2).
2. Permitviolatesstatelawsandpoliciesaimedatprotectingpeopleofcolorandlow-incomecommunities.
ORS182.545(1)isthestatestatutethatrequiresnaturalresourceagenciestoconsidertheeffectsofactionsonunder-representedcommunities,includingpeopleofcolorandlow-incomecommunities.ODAandDEQcompliedwiththestatute,andtheEnvironmentalJustice(EJ)outreachplanandactivitylistareattachedtothePermitEvaluationReport.
Specifically,thestatuterequiresnaturalresourceagenciesto(1)considertheeffectsofactionsonEJissues,(2)holdhearingsattimesandlocationsthatareconvenientforaffectedcommunities,(3)engageinpublicoutreachintheaffectedcommunities,and(4)createacitizenadvocatepositiontoencouragepublicparticipation,thattheagenciesconsiderEJissuesandinformtheagencyoftheeffectofitsdecisionsontraditionallyunder-representedcommunities.
BasedontheinitialpubliccommentandarequestfromtheOregonEnvironmentalJusticeTaskForce,theagenciesagreedtore-openthepubliccommentperiodtoenhanceoutreachwithEJconcernsasafocus.Duringthisperiod,theagenciesreceivedanadditional2,021comments.
TheagenciesalsousedanEJdemographicdata/queryresource,EJSCREEN,phonecallsandvisitstocommunityleaderstoidentifyunder-representedcommunities.ItwasdeterminedthatlowincomeandHispanicpeopleconstitutetheminorityandunder-representedcommunitiesinthearea,withtheConfederatedTribesoftheUmatillaIndianReservation(CTUIR)alsoexpressingEJconcerns.Combiningbothpubliccommentintervals,theinitialandenhancedpubliccommentperiodsincludedthefollowing:
• TheNoticewaspublishedintheHermistonHeraldandtheEasternOregoniannewspapers,whichareregionalnewspapersthatwouldreachreaderslocatedintheareawherethefacilityisproposed.
• TheagenciesissuedjointpressreleasestoNorthMorrowCountyTimesand‘tudecides’(bilingualnewspaper).
• TheagenciespostedtheNoticetotheirrespectivewebsitesandtoalistservmaintainedbytheOregonStateLibrary.
• ThehearingwasheldinBoardman(OR)wheremanyEJcommunitymemberslive.• TheagenciesconsultedwiththeCTUIRonthreeoccasions,andwithCTUIRattendedameeting
withtheOregonEnvironmentalJusticeTaskForce.• TheagenciestribalcoordinatorshavereviewedtheCAFOProgramactivitiesandhowto
interfacewithtribalnationsinOregon.• AbilingualpresentationwasmadetotheHermiston’sHispanicAdvisoryCommittee.• Managersandcommunicationspecialistsoftheagencieshadnumerousdiscussionswiththose
whoserepresentationmayincludetheunder-representedcommunity:Capeco,LegalAid,PCUN,BlueMountainCommunityCollegeworkertrainingprogram,UmatillaCountyHousingAuthority,UnitedFarmWorkers,localgovernmentplanners,FarmWorkerProgramattheOregonLawCenter,citymanagersandmayors.
• TheagencieshavepositionswithassignedCitizenAdvocateduties.
Theagenciesdidlookatthepotentialimpactsfromthefacilityandwereabletodrawsomeconclusions.Specifically,thisassessmentincluded:
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• IdentifyingthedemographicsnearthesiteandcommunicatingwithEnvironmentalJusticegroups(low-incomeandHispaniccommunities).
• WorkingwiththeOregonHealthAuthoritytoidentifypotentialthreatstopublicwatersupplies.• Assessingtheproximityofresidentialhomesandcommunitiestotheproposeddairy.Toidentifydemographics,ODAandDEQtalkedwithpeoplewhocommentedonEnvironmentalJusticeissues,includinglocalcityandcountyofficialsandtheConfederatedTribesoftheUmatillaIndianReservation.ODAandDEQthenusedtheEJSCREENtooltolookatthedemographicsofpeoplelivingandworkingwithina9.3-mile(15km)radiusofthesite.TheEJSCREENtoolindicatedthatthereareHispanicandlowincomecommunitieswithinthisradius.
ODAandDEQthenheldmeetingstogathermoreinformation.Usingatranslator,theagencymetwiththeHermistonHispanicCommitteetodiscusstheproposalandtheanticipatedenvironmentalimpacts,includingairandwaterqualityimpacts.TheprojectwasalsodiscussedonalocalSpanishradiostationandbilingualflyersweredistributedseekinginput.ODAandDEQdidnotreceiveanyobjectionsorhearofanyconcernsfromdisproportionallyimpactedgroupsrelatedtotheproposedproject.Representationfromthelocaldairyunionandapproximately40ofthe70individualsinattendanceshowedupfromtheHispaniccommunityinsupportfortheprojectduringthepublichearingheldonJuly28,2017.Manyofthesupportersdescribedthatthejobsandbenefitscreatedbytheproposalwouldallowdairyworkersandassociatedindustriesemployeestoparticipatemorefullyintheirlocalcommunities.
Todeterminepotentialthreatstopublicwatersupplies,DEQmetwiththeOregonHealthAuthoritytoidentifyanypublicwatersupplysystemslocatedinthevicinityoftheproposeddairy.ThedairyislocatedintheLowerUmatillaBasinGroundwaterManagementArea,wherenitrateisthepollutantofgreatestconcern.Thedairywouldbeapotentialsourceofnitrates,thuscontributingtogroundwatercontaminationintheGWMA.Thedairyposesapotentialthreattobothpublicandprivatedrinkingwatersupplies.Thereare81publicwatersupplysystemsintheGWMA,andfiveofthosearewithina10milesoftheDairy.Threeofthosesystemsarelocatedwithinasix-mileradiusofthedairy,thedistancefromtheDairytoInterstateI-84.Inadditiontothesepublicsystems,therearemanymoreprivatedrinkingwatersystemslocatedintheGWMA.AsthedairyisupgradientofalargepartoftheGWMA,anygroundwaterpollutantsemanatingfromthedairycouldpotentiallyimpactabroadareaoftheshallowaquiferwithintheGWMA.Within9.3miles(15km)oftheDairy,55%ofpeoplelivinginthisareaareHispanicandtheareaisgenerallylowincome(Table5.4.3-1).
Thethirdpartoftheanalysislookedathousesandcommunitiesclosetothedairy.DEQusedaerialimageryandmappingtoolstomeasurestraight-linedistancesfromthedairytothefollowingcommunities:Boardman(6.6miles),Irrigon(10.1miles),Umatilla(15.1miles),Hermiston(12.1miles),Stanfield(15.9miles)andEcho(15.8miles).AllofthesecommunitiesareknowntoincludepopulationsofHispanicandlow-incomepeople.
Asidefromthosecommunities,DEQfoundveryfewhousesordwellingslocatedwithinasix-square-mileradiusoftheproposeddairy.Interstate84issixmilesfromthedairy,withscatteredhomeslocatedalongtheinterstate.TheEJSCREENresults(Table5.4.3-1)showper-capitaincomeandHispanicpopulationslivingwithina5,10and15-kilometerradius.
Table5.4.3-1
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DistancefromDairy
%Hispanic percapitaincome
9.3mile(15km)radius
55 $21,391
6.2mile(10km)radius
15 $21,232
3.1mile(5km)radius
0 $20,882
Tablenote:comparewithPendleton($45,930), Oregon($50,521),andtheUnitedStates($53,482)
Aftercommunicatingwithlocalsandfurtherassessingenvironmentalimpacts,ODAandDEQrecognizethattheproposeddairycoulddisparatelyimpactlower-incomeandHispaniccommunities.ODAandDEQdeterminedthatveryfewpeopleliveincloseproximitytothesite,whichreducesthelikelihoodofpeoplebeingnegativelyimpactedbyemissionsandodors.Asforgroundwaterconcerns,theapproachistoprepareapermitthatsufficientlyprotectswaterqualityandpreventsgroundwaterandsurfacewatercontaminationasdiscussedabove.Thisisdonethroughpollutioncontrols,limits,groundwatermonitoringandrelianceonbestmanagementpractices.
3.Permitislegallydeficient:
a. Lacksrequiredsurfacewatermonitoringrequirements.
Refertothegeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(3)whichdescribesalowprobabilityofwastewaterrunofftosurfacewater.Regardlessofthelowprobabilityofsuchaneventoccurring,ifthefacilityweretoexperienceadischargethatdidenteranysurfacewater,itwouldbeapermitviolation.Thenumericeffluentlimitforanysurfacewaterdischargeiszeroorthelabquantificationlimitbasedofthemethodofanalysis.Intheeventofasurfacewaterdischarge,thefacilitywouldhavetosampleandmonitorthedischargeaccordingtoconditionsinSectionsS4.A(1)andS4.D.(1)(2)ofthepermit.
Forfurtherdiscussionofcontrolsandassociatedmonitoring,alsoreferto:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2).
b. AWMPisdeficientandunderprotectiveofwaterquality.
TheagenciesarerequiringtheapplicanttoamendtheAWMPtoaddressthefollowingconcerns:Agencieswillnotallowanyapplicationofmanureorprocesswastewatertosoilsthatarefrozenorsnowcovered.TheapplicantmustremoveallreferencesofmanureorprocesswastewaterapplicationstofrozenorsnowcoveredsoilsfromtheAWMP.
Agencieswillnotallowanytemporarystorageorstagingofsolidmanureincirclecorners.Theapplicantmustremoveanyreferencetostoringorstagingsolidmanureincirclecorners.AWMPmustreflectthatallsolidmanuremustbestoredonlyindesignedandapprovedstorageareasintheproductionarea.
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Agencieswillnotallowthelagoonstoragefacilitiestohavedesignedleakageratesoroperatewithaleakyliner.Theapplicantmustremoveanyreferencetoanyallowedlagoonlinerleakage.ThelagoonOperationandMaintenancedocumentsmustlisthowtheleakdetectionsystemwilloperateandhowtheapplicantwillnotifyODAintheeventofaleak.Theagencieswillrequirethatanydetectedleakberepairedandthefacilityrestoredtothedesignspecifications.
AgenciesrequirethattheagronomicapplicationratecalculationformulaaccountforallsourcesofnitrogenandphosphorousappliedtofieldslistedintheAWMP.Thecropnutrientneedcalculationshouldincludetheexpectedcropyield(units)andthespecificnutrientneedperunitofcropyield.Totalnutrientapplicationcalculationis(Units)ofcropyieldX(Pounds)ofnutrientremovedperunitofcropyield=agronomicapplicationrateofnutrientin(Pounds).Anutrientsourcecalculationisrequiredtodeterminetheamountofnutrientsfromallsources.Sourcesinclude,butarenotlimitedto,plantavailablenutrientsfrommanureorprocesswastewaterapplication(s),plantavailablenutrientsfromcommercialfertilizer,compost,orothersoilamendmentsapplied,plantavailablenutrientsfromsoilandorganicmattermineralizationandplantavailablenutrientsfromirrigationwaterapplications.Selectedfieldswillhavelysimetersinstalledimmediatelybelowtherootzone,tomonitorthesoilwaterfornutrientcontentinthevadosezone.Feedbackfromthismonitoringwillresultinmoreprotectivefertilization/irrigationmeasures,ifneeded.
TheAWMPforthisfacilitywasdevelopedwithestimatednumbersbecauseactualtestdataisnotavailablesincethefacilityisnotyetoperable.ODArequiresthattheapplicantanalyzesamplesofmanureandprocesswastewaterasitisgeneratedandmustusethoseactualdatatoupdatetheAWMPwithin12monthsofstartingoperations.
c. Anti-degradationreviewisinadequate.
Surfacewater.TheEQCanti-degradationpolicyandtheFederalregulationsthatimplementitonlyapplytosurfacewaters,intermsoftherequirementforananti-degradationreview[340-041-0004(1)].Referto:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(3)foranexplanationofdischargeprohibitionandthetopographicinfeasibilityofwastewaterrunofftosurfacewaters.Theanti-degradationreviewsheetisusedinconjunctionwithevaluationofasurfacewaterdischargeunderanNPDESpermit.DEQ’santi-degradationpolicyalsoemphasizesthepreventionofgroundwaterpollution.ForpermittedfacilitiessuchasLVF,preventionofgroundwaterpollutionisdonebyestablishingconcentrationlimitsatdown-gradientcompliancewellsatbackgroundwaterqualitylevels.Thisisaddressedintheproposedpermitandmodificationsassociatedwiththepubliccommentsreceived.
Groundwater.Whileaformalanti-degradationreviewisnotrequiredforgroundwater,OAR340-040includesrequirementsthatgroundwaternotbedegradedaswell.Permitlimitsformonitoringwellstargetbackgroundsoastopreventdegradationofgroundwater.Inaddition,permitlimitsonleachingbelowthecroprootzoneandmonitoringatthisdepthandleakdetectionofthelagoons,allsupportminimizationofpotentialgroundwatercontamination.Thewastestoragelagoonsmustbeconstructedwithdouble-linedsyntheticmaterialandwillhavealeakdetectionsystemtonotifytheoperatorifanyleaksoccur.Theagenciesrequiretheoperatortooperateandmaintainthelagoonsystemsothatitdoesnotleak.Ifaleakisdetected,theoperatormustinformtheagenciesandrepairthefacilitytorestoreittoasealedsystem.
d. PermitignoresUmatillaBasinTotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)requirements.
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TheUmatillaTMDLdoesnotapplytothisdrainagearea.TheUmatillaTMDLappliestoallwatersintheUmatillasub-basin(thisisthetopographicareaofallpotentialdrainagetotheUmatillaRiver)thatdrainintotheUmatillaRiver.Thenearesttributaryinthesub-basinisSandHollowtotheeastofLVF,topographicallyseparatingLVFfromtheUmatillaRiveranditstributaries.SandHollowisaninteriordrainagebasinanddoesnotflowtotheUmatillaRiverhence;itwasexcludedfromtheUmatillaTMDL,asareanywaterstotheWestofSandHollow.
e. MustprohibitpracticesknowntothreatenWQ.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
f. Lacksrequiredreasonablepotentialanalysis.
ReasonablePotentialAnalysisrequired.ThisanalysisisanassessmentofwhetherpollutantdischargestowatersoftheUnitedStateshavethepotentialtocauseorcontributetoexceedanceofwaterqualitystandardsinthereceivingsurfacewaterbody.ThisrequirementappliesonlywhenODAandDEQdeterminethattherewillbeapointsourcedischargeofpollutantstosurfacewaters.Oregon’sCAFOstatutes(ORS468B.050(1)(d)prohibitsuchdischarges.TheproposedpermitprohibitsanysurfacewaterdischargefromthefacilityexceptintheeventofaspecifiedstormandthenthatdischargecannotcauseaviolationofnumericstandardsfornitrogenandbacteriasetinthePermit.WQBELdevelopmentreferencedinEPA’sNPDESPermitWritersManualforCAFOswaswrittenforstatesthatauthorizeCAFOstoregularlydischargetowatersoftheUS.
5. Permitgroundwatercontrolsandmonitoringareinadequate.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
5.Proposedwaterwithdrawalsareunreasonable.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(4)
6.Factsheet(PER)discussionofcompliancehistoryisinadequate.
LostValleyRanchisanewlyproposedfacility,thusthereisnocompliancehistoryestablishedatthissite.Theapplicantcurrentlyoperatesapermitted,leaseddairyfacilityinOregonandODAhasinspectedthatfacility27timessince2001.Theinspectionsresultedin19FacilityinComplianceoutcomes,6WaterQualityAdvisoryoutcomesand2NoticeofNonComplianceoutcomes.Theapplicantandthefacilityownershavebeenresponsiveinreturningthefacilitybacktocompliance.ThePERwasupdatedwiththisresponse.
NGOCoalition(98)Food&WaterJusticeProgram,ColumbiaRiverKeeper,FriendsofFamilyFarmers,NorthwestEnvironmentalDefenseCenter,OregonPhysiciansforSocialResponsibility,OregonChapterSierraClub,FriendsoftheColumbiaGorge,HumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,andCenterforBiologicalDiversitywithCenterforFoodSafety,WaterWatchofOregon,HumaneOregon,SociallyResponsibleAgriculturalProject
ExtendedCommentPeriod(11/4/16):
1. PermitwarrantsU.S.EPAOversight
UnderEPA’soversightauthority,EPAmayreview,commentuponorobjecttodraftNPDESpermits.Specifically40CFR123.44outlinestheproceduresandrequirementsforEPAreviewand
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objectiontoStatepermits.Inaddition,theNationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystemMemorandumofAgreementbetweentheStateofOregonandUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyRegion10(MOA)providesforaprocessforEPA’sinformalreviewofpermitdocuments.Under40CFR123.44andtheMOA,itisclearthatEPAhasthediscretiontoreview,commentuponandobjecttoNPDESpermits;itisnotrequiredtodoso.Withregardtothecurrentpermit,whileEPAhasnotformallycommenteduponorobjectedtothepermit,EPAhasseenthedraftpermitandbothODAandDEQhaveconsultedwithEPAduringitsdevelopment.
2. DEQandODAhavediscretiontodenyNPDESPermitandshouldexerciseitinthiscase.
ODAandDEQdeterminedthatapermitcanbeissuedconsistentwithapplicablestatutesandregulationsinORS468B.015,468B.020,468B.155,468B.160and468B.215.Theagencieshavedevelopedapermitthatcontainsconditionsthatwouldachievecompliancewithapplicableregulatorystandards.Theagencieshavedeterminedthatthepermitteewouldbereasonablyabletocomplywiththepermitconditions.
3. Additionalconcernsaboutgroundwatercontamination.
a. Changesinlanduseposeaparticularthreattogroundwaterqualityatthissite.
TheagenciesrelyontheCounty’sLandUseCompatibilityStatementdeterminationthattheproposedlanduseisconsistentwithlocalplansandlocallanduseregulations.OAR340-018-0050.ThefacilitysitingisnotachangeinlanduseastheproposedproductionareaandalllandapplicationareasarecurrentlyzonedExclusiveFarmUse(EFU)andhavebeensince1972.AdairyoperationisanoutrightpermitteduseintheEFUzone.Thelandapplicationareaoftheproposedoperationhasalonghistoryofgrowingirrigated,agriculturalcropssuchasalfalfa,vegetables,andtrees.ThepoplartreesthatwerepreviouslygrownonthesitearedefinedasanagriculturalcropinOregon.Thepoplarfarmspreviouslyonsiterequiredverylittleappliednitrogenfertilizer.TheCAFOpermitrequiresprotectionofwaterquality.
b. Groundwaterdischargelimitationmustbesetat0orcumulativeimpactanalysisconducted.
Oregongroundwaterrules[340-040-0030(3)(b)]specify“ConcentrationLimitatNewFacilities:Thepermit-specificconcentrationlimitsatnewfacilitiesshallbeestablishedatthebackgroundwaterqualitylevelsforallcontaminants.Accordingly,interimnumericconcentrationlimitsareincludedinthepermitforgroundwatermonitoringwells,andasadditionalsitesanddataareavailable(seepreviousresponses)refinedlimitswillberequiredandultimately,afterninequartersofmonitoring,finalnumericlimitswillbeestablishedfordown-gradientwells,basedonbackground.
Thecalculatedconcentrationlimitsforgroundwatermonitoringwellswillbebasedon‘noincreaseaboveaquiferbackgroundconcentrations’withemphasisonnitrate.
Alsoseeresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(6)
c. NotazerodischargepermitandlandapplicationwillviolateOregonlaw.
TheLVFdoesnotproposetodischargetoanysurfacewatersinthatisdoesnothaveanyconveyanceorpipethatdischargesdirectlyintosurfacewaters.ThisisaCAFOfacilityandnotatypicalcontinuouslydischargingfacilitythatrequiresNPDESPermitcoverage.Ifthefacilityweretoexperienceadischargethatdidenteranysurfacewater,asevidencedbythepresenceofspecifiedindicatorparametersatconcentrationlimitsabovethelimitofquantitation,itwouldbeapermitviolation.
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Intheeventofasurfacewaterdischarge,thefacilitywouldhavetosampleandmonitorthedischargeaccordingtoconditionsinS4.A(1)andS4.D.(1)(2)TheonlysurfacewaterbodyadjacenttothefacilityisanirrigationcanalthatislocatedatanelevationthatishigherthantheCAFOproductionareawhichmakesitimpossibleforstormwaterrunofftoenterthecanal.A100-footbufferwherelandapplicationofmanureorprocesswastewaterisprohibitedorastructuralortopographicfeaturethatwouldprohibitfieldrunofffromenteringthesurfacewaterisrequiredadjacenttoanysurfacewaterinlandapplicationareas.4. Thedraftpermitdoesnotadequatelyaddresssurfacewaterimpacts.
a. LVRwilllikelydischargetosurfacewaterviagroundwater.
ThepermittingAgenciesagreewiththiscomment.Anynitrateleachingfromthefacilitywouldentergroundwater,andintermsofconcentrations,mustcomplywiththepermitandgroundwaterprotectionrules(OAR340-040-0030).Notonlymustleachingbeminimizedinaccordancewiththepermitbut,groundwaterlimitsareestablishedsoasnottoincreaseaquifercontaminantconcentrations.Undoubtedly,nitratefromthesurroundingGWMAwillentertheColumbiaandUmatillaRivers.TheColumbiaRiveristhenorthernboundaryoftheGWMAandthelowerUmatillaRiverisintheGWMA.Fortunately,theinfluenceofgroundwaternitrateontheseriversisundetectable.Forinstance,longtermmonitoringofthelengthoftheUmatillaRiverrevealsthatnitrateconcentrationsintheriverincreasedownstreamtoHermistonandthendecreasedownstreamfromrivermile8.TheGWMAboundaryisatrivermile35.Throughthefirst20milesofGWMA,riverconcentrationsrangefromnon-detectto1.7mg/l.Atrivermile8,concentrationsrangefromnon-detectto6.9mg/l.Belowthis,theriverrangesfrom0.27to4.3mg/l.ThisisnotatanexpectedpatterniftheGWMAwascontrollingnitrogenconcentrationsintheriver.TheColumbiaRivernitrateisgenerallyatundetectableconcentrations,andhasordersofmagnitudemoreflowthantheUmatillaRiver,providingavastcapacitytoassimilategroundwaternitratewithoutadverselyaffectingbeneficialuses.
b. LVRwilllikelydischargetosurfacewatervianitrogendeposition.
Regardingdepositionfromtheair,therearenostateorfederalairqualitypermitrequirementsfordairyfarmstocontrolorregulateairemissionsofnitrogen.Forwater,theproposedwaterqualityPermitdoesrequiremonitoringofsoil,surfacewatersandgroundwateradjacenttoandundertheproposedfacilityandprohibitsdischargestosurfacewaters.
5. AdditionalconcernsaboutthedraftAWMP.
a. AWMPdoesnotcomplywithfederalregulations.
TheagenciesarerequiringtheapplicanttoamendtheAWMPtoaddressthefollowingconcerns:
-Agencieswillnotallowanyapplicationofmanureorprocesswastewatertosoilsthatarefrozenorsnowcovered.TheapplicantmustremoveallreferencesofmanureorprocesswastewaterapplicationstofrozenorsnowcoveredsoilsfromtheAWMP.
-Agencieswillnotallowanytemporarystorageorstagingofsolidmanureincirclecorners.Theapplicantmustremoveanyreferencetostoringorstagingsolidmanureincirclecorners.AWMPmustreflectthatallsolidmanuremustbestoredonlyindesignedandapprovedstorageareasintheproductionarea.
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Agencieswillnotallowthelagoonstoragefacilitiestohavedesignedleakageratesoroperatewithaleakyliner.Theapplicantmustremoveanyreferencetoanyallowedlagoonlinerleakage.ThelagoonOperationandMaintenancedocumentsmustlisthowtheleakdetectionsystemwilloperateandhowtheapplicantwillnotifyODAintheeventofaleak.Theagencieswillrequirethatanydetectedleakberepairedandthefacilityrestoredtothedesignspecifications.
AgenciesrequirethattheagronomicapplicationratecalculationformulaaccountforallsourcesofnitrogenandphosphorousappliedtofieldslistedintheAWMP.Thecropnutrientneedcalculationshouldincludetheexpectedcropyield(units)andthespecificnutrientneedperunitofcropyield.Totalnutrientapplicationcalculationis:(Units)ofcropyieldX(Pounds)ofnutrientremovedperunitofcropyield=agronomicapplicationrateofnutrientin(Pounds).Anutrientsourcecalculationisrequiredtodeterminetheamountofnutrientsfromallsources.Sourcesinclude,butarenotlimitedto,plantavailablenutrientsfrommanureorprocesswastewaterapplication(s),plantavailablenutrientsfromcommercialfertilizer,compost,orothersoilamendmentsapplied,plantavailablenutrientsfromsoilandorganicmattermineralizationandplantavailablenutrientsfromirrigationwaterapplications.Selectedfieldswillhavelysimetersinstalledimmediatelybelowtherootzone,tomonitorthesoilwaterfornutrientcontentinthevadosezone.Feedbackfromthismonitoringwillresultinmoreprotectivefertilization/irrigationmeasures,ifneeded.
AgenciesrequirethatthetimingofmanureandprocesswastewaterapplicationsbelistedintheAWMP.
Agenciesrequirethattheoperationofthefacilitybelimitedtoonlythenumberofanimalsthatmaybesustainedbypresentlyavailablelegalsourcesofwatersupplyandtoinformtheagenciesatpermitissuanceonthequantityofpresentlyavailablelegalsourcesofwatersupplyandthenumberofanimalsthatmaybesustained.Operationwouldalsohavetoinformtheagenciesifanychangeinwatersourceoramountoccurs.
b. Additionalrecommendationsforgroundwatermonitoringplan(establishrobustgroundwaterbaselinepriortobeginningoperations).
Theagenciesarerequiringanadditional7groundwater-monitoringwellstobeinstalled.Atotalof11groundwater-monitoringwellswillbesampledandthedatausedtodeterminecompliancewithgroundwaterconcentrationlimits.Theagencieswillrequireare-submissionoftheHydrologicCharacterizationReportafterthedatafromtheadditionalmonitoringwellshasbeenanalyzed.Theagencieswillrequireare-submissionoftheMonitoringPlanthatincludesmonitoringtheadditionalgroundwaterwells.
6.DraftPermitlacksBestProfessionalJudgment(BPJ)limitsforpollutantsofconcern.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(1)
IvanMulaski,FriendsofFamilyFarmers(96)
1.Proximitytootherlargedairiesandcumulativeimpacts
TheagenciesconsideredthecumulativeimpactofCAFOsintheareawheretheproposeddairywouldbelocated.AlloftheexistingadjacentCAFOsareregisteredtoCAFOPermitsthatprohibitdischargetosurfacewatersthatwouldcauseorcontributetoanywaterqualityviolationandcannothaveanydischargethatexceedsgroundwaterconcentrationlimits.Thesurfacewaterdischargelimitationsforalloftheexistingdairiesiszero(surfacedischargeisprohibited).Therearecurrentlynoregulationsor
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limitsthattheagenciescouldconsideronthenumberofhumanoranimalresidentslocatingintotheLUBGWMA.ImpactstotheGWMAincludethecumulativeimpactsofwastewaterlandapplication,conventionalagriculture,municipalitiesandothersourcesofaquifernitrateloading.Thisisbeingaddressedinseveralwaysincludingthefollowing:first,whenissuingorrenewingwastewaterpermitsintheGWMA,includingLostValley,thepermitsarepreparedtobeprotectiveofgroundwater,second,theongoingGWMACommitteeandDEQ,OSUandODAspecialistsviewtheGWMAasawhole,andpromotebestmanagementpracticesthroughout.Inaddition,newresearchintoGWMA-specificagronomicratesisbeingrequestedandtheagenciesareworkingwithirrigationwaterusersandagriculturaloperationstopromoteimplementationofnewpromisingtechnologiesforaquiferwaterqualityimprovement.
2.Constructioncommencingpriortopermitissuance.
ODAconductedacomplianceinspectionanddeterminedthatpartsofthefacilitywerealreadyconstructedthatrequiredtheCAFOPermitissuance.Accordingly,ODAissuedaWaterQualityAdvisory(WQA),#1626609onNovember1,2016,thatrequiredtheoperatortoceaseconstructiononanypartofthefacilitythatisusedtotreatorstoremanureorprocesswastewateruntiltheCAFOPermithasbeenissued.ODAandDEQwillconductsiteinspectionsduringtheconstructionphaseforspecificwastestoragefacilities.ODAhasconductedafollowupinspection#1726621,onJanuary24,2017anddeterminedthattheoperatorwascomplyingwiththeWQAandthatnoanimalswerepresentandnoanimalwasteorprocesswastewaterwasbeinggeneratedatthefacility.3.AWMPdoesnotcontainenoughspecificityonsurfaceandgroundwaterprotections.
TheprotectionsforsurfaceandgroundwaterarecontainedinthePermit.Also,refertothegeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2);regardingprotectionsandSectionIVforchangestothepermitresultingfrompubliccomment.
4.ODAshouldnotapprovepermitbeforealldocumentsaremadeavailableforpublicreview.
TheagenciesprovidedalloftherequireddocumentsforpublicreviewduringthepublicnoticeandcommentperiodthatranfromJune28,2016toNovember4,2016.
5.Anaerobicdigesterdetailsandrequirementsforconstructionneeded.
LVFisnotplanningoninstallingoroperatingadigesteratthistime.IfLVFdoesproposeadigesteratafuturedate,theywillneedtosubmitaconstructionapprovalrequestthatincludesacompletedesignpackage.Theagencieswouldreviewtheproposalandneedtoapproveitpriortoconstruction.Ifthedigesterprojectutilizedaninternalcombustionenginetogenerateelectricity,itwouldrequireanairqualitypermitfromDEQfortheenginecombustionemissions.
6. GWconcentrationlimitsshouldbesetbeforeconstructionisallowedorpermitisissued.
RefertoNGOCoalition(98),responsenumber3b(pg.15)
7. ODAhasadirectlegalobligationtoanalyzeanddisclosepotentialeconomicimpactsonOregonAgricultureandriskstofamilyscaledairyoperations.
AnyanalysisanddisclosureofpotentialeconomicimpactstoOregonagriculturearebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOIndividualPermit.
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MorrowCounty(38)
1. Compliancewithallapplicablelocallanduserequirements.
WhilelandusecommentsarebeyondthescopeoftheproposedNPDESCAFOPermit,theagenciescouldnotissueaCAFOpermittothefacilitywithoutitfirstobtaininglanduseapproval.ThefollowingresponseisprovidedtodescribetheinteractionoflandusewiththeproposedCAFOPermit.TheapplicantsubmittedaLand-UseCompatibilityStatement(LUCS)thatwascompletedandapprovedbyMorrowCountyPlanningDepartmentstatingtheproposeddairyfacilitywasanoutrightpermitteduseintheEFUzone.ThefacilitysitingisnotachangeinlanduseastheproposedproductionareaandalllandapplicationareasarecurrentlyzonedExclusiveFarmUse(EFU).AdairyoperationisanoutrightpermitteduseintheEFUzone.Thelandapplicationareaoftheproposedoperationhasalonghistoryofgrowingirrigated,agriculturalcropssuchasalfalfa,vegetables,andtrees.ThepoplartreesthatwerepreviouslygrownonthesitearedefinedasanagriculturalcropinOregon.
TheagenciesexpectthattheapplicantwillcomplywithanyotherlocalbuildingpermitorotherconstructioncodepermitrequirementsonceaCAFOPermitisissued.
2. NewdairyinLUBGWMAincreasesnitrogenloading.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
3. Waterquantityandwateruseconcernsforanewfacilityincriticalgroundwaterarea.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(4)
4. ImpactofnewdairytoadjacentColumbiaImprovementDistrictcanal.Impactofpotentiallagoonfailuretoinfrastructureandwaterquality.
Theelevationofthecanalismuchhigherthantheelevationofthetopofembankmentforanyoftheproposedlagoons.Thelagoonsarelocatedatthelowestpointofthesiteandifalagoonwastoovertop,theliquidwouldnottraveluphilltowardthecanal.Thelagoonsdesignsincludedoublepolylinerswithleakdetectionsystemssothatnomanureorprocesswastewaterseepsintogroundwaterorintothecanal.Thelagoonsmusthaveliquidlevelgaugesthataremonitoredandrecordedweeklysothatlagoonoverflowsdonotoccur.Thelagooncomplexandallwastecollection,transferandutilizationstructuresmustbeinspectedweekly,theconditionrecordedandrepairsmadetokeepthesystemsfunctional.ThepermitteemustreportanyPermitnon-complianceoranticipatednon-compliancetotheagencies.Forfurtherinformation,refertoNGOCoalition(98)response3c(pg.15),andgeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(3).
BrianPosewitz,HumaneOregon(101)
Concernsaboutwaterqualityimpacts.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
Petition#1-InitialCommentPeriod(378-2245)
Petitionsignedby1,868individualscontainingconcernsofwaterqualityandwaterquantityimpacts.
1.WaterQuality:
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Alsorefertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)2.WaterQuantity:
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(4)
SarahHanneken(112)
A. YakimaValley,WA,CowPalaceDairyandgroundwatercontamination.
UnliketheYakimaValley,WA,CowPalacecase,Oregonrequiresalldairieswithgrade“A”milklicensestoobtainandoperateunderaCAFOPermit.TheagenciesarerequiringtheproposeddairytoobtainandoperateunderanIndividualNPDESCAFOPermitthatcontainsstringentrequirementsforgroundwaterprotectionandprohibitssurfacewaterdischargesfromthefacility.SpecificPermitrequirementsarethatallmanureandprocesswastewaterlagoonswillbedoublelinedwithsyntheticmaterialandhavealeakdetectionsysteminstalled.11groundwater-monitoringwellswillbeinstalledandmonitoredquarterlyformultipleconstituentstodetermineifthefacilityoperationsareimpactinggroundwater.
B.Environmentalandsocialjustice/EnvironmentalJusticeissues(asaresultofgroundwatercontamination).
RefertoresponseofSectionIII.WaterQualityNPDESIndividualPermitcomments,NGOCoalition(98),commentnumber2.
C.Lagoondischargeof3.7milliongallonsannually.
DEQrequiresthatwastewaterlagoonsaredesignedtocriteriaoflessthan10-6cm/sleakagerateandacalculatedspecificdischarge.TherequireddesignoftheLVFlagoonismuchmoreprotectivethanthisbecausetheprocesswastewaterstoragelagoonsmustbeconstructedwithadoubleliningofsyntheticmaterialandequippedwithleakdetectionsystem.Anyleakagefromthelinerwouldbecaughtinadouble-linerenvelopewhereitwouldhavenoneoftheleakagepressureoftheinnerlinerandwouldbedetectedandtheleakrepaired.TheEngineerofRecorddidcalculatealinerleakageintheeventoflinerfailure,buttheprocesswastestoragefacilitiesarenotallowedtoleakordischargetogroundwater.Theagencieswillrequirethatitberepaired.Partofthereasonforplurallagoonsisaredundancymeasuretoenablede-wateringofaleakinglagoonforrepair.Theagenciesrequirethatthepermitteeoperateandmaintainthelagoonsystemsothatitdoesnotleak.Ifaleakisdetected,thepermitteemustreportthattotheagenciesandrepairthelinertorestoreitsothatnoleakageoccurssothatanyleakwillbedetectedandrepairedsothatwastefromstoragefacilitiescannotenterintogroundwater.
D. Nitratecontaminationofsurfaceandgroundwatersduetosoilcharacteristics.
Theagencieswillrequiretheoperatortoinstallandsamplegroundwater-monitoringwellsandnotexceedconcentrationlimitssetbytheagenciesbasedoncalculationsofdatacollectedinupanddown-gradientmonitoringwells.Atotalof11monitoringwellsareproposed.Thegroundwater-monitoringplanwillrequirequarterlymonitoringforasuiteofchemical,biologicalandphysicalmetrics.Thegroundwater-monitoringnetworkresultswillbeusedtoevaluateiftheproductionareaandlandapplicationareasaremeetingthepermitrequirements.Selectedfieldswillhavelysimetersinstalledimmediatelybelowtherootzone,tomonitorthesoilwaterfornutrientcontentinthevadosezone.Feedbackfromthismonitoringwillresultinmoreprotectivefertilization/irrigationmeasures,ifneeded,beforegroundwaterisimpacted.
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RobertC.Lothrop,ColumbiaRiverInter-TribalFishCommission(2295)
Magnitudeofwasteproductionconcernsgroupfromawaterqualityandfishprotectionstandpoint.OpposesfacilityasatoddswithColumbiaRiverfisherygoals.
Theonlysurfacewateradjacenttotheproposedproductionareaisanirrigationcanalthatislocatedattheelevationthatishigherthananyoftheproductionareaandmostofthelandapplicationarea.ThePermitprohibitstheproductionareaandlandapplicationareasfromdirectlydischarginganymanure,processwastewaterorcontaminatedstormwaterintothecanaloranyothersurfacewaters.
Theagencieswillrequiretheoperatortoinstallandsamplegroundwater-monitoringwellsandnotexceedconcentrationlimitssetbytheagenciesbasedoncalculationsofdatacollectedinupanddown-gradientmonitoringwells.Atotalof11monitoringwellsareproposed.Thegroundwater-monitoringplanwillrequirequarterlymonitoringforasuiteofchemical,biologicalandphysicalmetrics.Thegroundwater-monitoringnetworkresultswillbeusedtoevaluateiftheproductionareaandlandapplicationareasaremeetingthepermitrequirements.
Alsorefertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
KateEly,ConfederatedTribesoftheUmatillaIndianReservation(2298)
1. FacilitytobelocatedinGWMAwithdocumentedhighnitratesinGW.
Refergogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
2. Zerodischargestandardquestions.
OAR340-040-0001establishesgroundwaterprotectionrequirementsforpermits.ThePermitprohibitsdischargestosurfacewaters,exceptduringafloodofspecifiedmagnitudeorgreateroccurs(1in25yearprobabilityofa24hourdesignstorm),andinnormalanddesignstormconditions,anysurfacedischargeislimitedtothefollowing:ThePermitcontainsnumericEffluentLimitsforanysurfacewaterdischargethatmayoccurtothequantitationlimitsof0.1mg/Lofnitrateand2cfu/100mlforbacteria(cfu-colonyformingunits).Anydischargetogroundwatermustnottoexceedthebackgroundconcentrationlimitssetbytheagencies.RefertoresponsetocommentbyNGOCoalition(8/4/2016),commentnumber3c,page13;NGOCoalitioncommentsnumbered3band3;andgeneralresponses:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)and(3).
3. Siteassessmentandproposedmonitoringplansarenotsatisfactory.
Thepermittingagenciesagreewiththiscomment.Theagenciesarerequiringare-submissionoftheMonitoringPlanthatincludesmonitoringtheadditionalgroundwaterwells.
4. Requestadditionalmonitoringwelllocations.
Thepermittingagenciesagreewiththiscomment.Theagenciesarerequiringanadditional7groundwater-monitoringwellstobeinstalled.Atotalof11groundwater-monitoringwellswillbesampledandthedatausedtodeterminecompliancewithgroundwaterconcentrationlimits.
5. HydrologicCharacterizationReportmustaccuratelydescribeGWunderthesite.
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Thepermittingagenciesagreewiththiscomment.Seeresponsein#4above.Thedatafromthe7additionalgroundwater-monitoringwellswillallowthesitetobeadequatelycharacterized.Theagencieswillrequireare-submissionoftheHydrologicCharacterizationReportafterthedatafromtheadditionalmonitoringwellshasbeenanalyzed.
6. Needadequatebaselineupgradientwellmonitoringresults.
Thepermittingagenciesagreewiththiscomment.Theapplicanthasdevelopedmorewellstoaddressthelandapplicationarea,andiscollectingbaselinedataandwillcontinuetodosoforthefirstsixmonthsofoperations,whilefillinglagoonsratherthanirrigatingcropswithwastewater.
7. Monitoringplanneedsadditionalwork.
Thepermittingagenciesagreewiththiscomment.Theagencieswillrequireare-submissionoftheMonitoringPlanthatincludesmonitoringtheadditionalgroundwaterwells.
8. ConcernedaboutconstructionproceedingwithoutissuanceofPermit.
ODAconductedacomplianceinspectionanddeterminedthatpartsofthefacilitywerealreadyconstructedthatrequiredtheCAFOPermitissuance.Accordingly,ODAissuedaWaterQualityAdvisory,#1626609onNovember1,2016,thatrequiredtheoperatortoceaseconstructiononanypartofthefacilitythatisusedtotreatorstoremanureorprocesswastewateruntiltheCAFOPermithasbeenissued.ODAandDEQstaffwillconductsiteinspectionsduringtheconstructionphaseforspecificwastestoragefacilities.ODAconductedafollowupinspection#1726621onJanuary24,2017anddeterminedthattheoperatorwascomplyingwiththeWQAandthatnoanimalswerepresentand,noanimalwasteorprocesswastewaterwasbeinggeneratedatthefacility.
AnimalLegalDefenseFund(2297)
1. ODAlacksauthoritytoissuepermit
DEQistheNPDESPermitauthorityinOregonandODAandDEQjointlycooperatetodevelopandissueNPDESCAFOPermitsandhavedonesosince2003.AllCAFONPDESGeneralandIndividualPermitsaresignedbybothagencies.ODAandDEQoperatetheprogramunderaMemorandumofUnderstandingthatdetailstherolesandresponsibilitiesofeachagency.
2. Pollutants
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
3. 3.7milliongallonslagoonleakage
DEQrequiresthatwastewaterlagoonsaredesignedtocriteriaoflessthan10-6cm/sleakageratewithacalculatedspecificdischargeamountperunitoftime.TherequireddesignoftheLVFlagoonismoreprotectivethanthisbecausetheprocesswastewaterstoragelagoonsmustbeconstructedwithadoubleliningofsyntheticmaterialandequippedwithleakdetectionsystem.Anyleakagefromthelinerwouldbecaughtinadouble-linerenvelopewhereitwouldhavenoneoftheleakagepressureoftheinnerlinerandwouldbedetectedandtheleakrepaired.TheEngineerofRecorddidcalculatealinerleakageintheeventoflinerfailurebuttheprocesswastestoragefacilitiesarenotallowedtoleakordischargetogroundwater.Theagencieswillrequirethatanyleaksberepaired.Partofthereasonforplurallagoonsisaredundancymeasuretoenablede-wateringofaleakinglagoonforrepair.Theagenciesrequirethat
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thepermitteeoperateandmaintainthelagoonsystemsothatitdoesnotleak.Ifaleakisdetected,thepermitteemustreportthattotheagenciesandrepairthelinersothatnoleakageoccurs.Theleakdetectionsystemsmustbemaintainedandrepairedasnecessarytopreventwastefromstoragefacilitiesfromenteringintogroundwater.
4. NPDESProgramlimitationsprecludeissuance,lawrequiresODAtodeny.
Thecommenterassertsthatthepermitmaynotbeissuedbecauseoftwoprohibitionsin40CFR122.4.Subsection(d)prohibitstheissuanceofanNPDESpermitwhentheimpositionofconditionscannotensurecompliancewiththeapplicablewaterqualityrequirementsofallaffectedstates.Theagenciesareassuringcompliancewith40CFR122.4byprohibitingdischargetonavigablewatersanddemonstratingcompliancewithOAR340-040viaamonitoringwellnetworkandnumericconcentrationlimits.”
DenytheLostValleyRanchwaterpollutionpermitandstopnewmega-CAFOsinOregon(3815-3913)
1. Waterquantityconcern.Proposeddairyestimatesuseof25milliongallonsofwatereveryyear.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(4)
2. Waterqualityconcern.187millionsofgallonsofmanurewillrunoffintowaterways.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
Opposepollutionpermitfornewdairyfactoryfarm(3914-4031)
Pollutiontowater.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2)
Petition#2(4032-4280)
Waterqualityconcerns.
Refertogeneralresponse:II.ResponsestoRecurringThemes(2) CommentsinSupportofPermit
TamiKerr,OregonDairyFarmersAssociation(99&2299)SupportsapplicationforCAFOPermitandCAFOProgram.Thankyouforthecomment.
DonnieJenck(2289)
SupportsLVRproject.
Thankyouforthecomment.
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JohnFazio(See#71)
ProvidedtechnicalcommentsinsupportofthePermitissuance.
Thankyouforthecomment.
EdRollins(2260)
SupportsissuanceoftheLVRpermit
Thankyouforthecomment.
BillBrewer(2271)
Supportsproposeddairy.Wonderfuluseofland.
Thankyouforthecomment.
MarkMorgan(2275)
InsupportofLVR’sCAFOPermit.
Thankyouforthecomment.
VicVanSlyke(25)
Providedresourceonreducingfreshwaterbyextractingwaterfrommanure
Thankyouforthecomment.
MaryAnneNash,OregonFarmBureau(2299)
InsupportofLVRpermit.
Thankyouforthecomment.
GeorgeChadwick(71)
ProvidedtechnicalinformationinsupportofLVRpermit.
Thankyouforthecomment.IV.SummaryofchangestotheNPDESIndividualPermitThenarrativegroundwaterpermitlimitofthedraftpermitwillbereplacedwithinterimnumericconcentrationlimit(s)andfollowedwithvaluesbasedonincreasednumberofmonitoringwellsandnumbersofsamplingevents,withfinallimitsestablishedafterninequartersofdataareavailable.Backgrounddataisgatheredfromsourcesupgradientorotherwiseunaffectedbythefacility.Alldown-gradientwellswithhavenumericlimitscalculatedbasedonbackgroundconcentrations,suchthatthereisnoincreaseinconcentrationbetweenupgradienttodowngradientwells.ThisisdescribedinPermitConditionS5.C.
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Inaddition,priortoplacingthefacilityintoserviceorcommencingland-application,thepermitholdershallamendtheAnimalWasteManagementPlanasfollows:
AddtherequirementforadditionalinformationintheAgronomicRatedefinition.Applicationratesandtimingwillbeadjustedasneededbasedoninformationfromwatersamplescollectedmonthlyjustbelowtherootzoneandfromsoilsampleresults.Removeallreferencetomanureorprocesswastewaterapplicationstofrozenorsnowcoveredsoil.Addshallowvadosezonewatermonitoringrequirements.Removeallreferencestostockpilingmanureincirclecorners.TheagenciesremovedareferencethatallowsforaConcentrationLimitVariancefromthepermitbecauseitisnotapplicabletonewfacilities.Theagenciesrequiretheadditionof,ataminimum,7wellstomonitorthelandapplicationarea.Theagenciesrequirethattheoperationofthefacilitybelimitedtoonlythenumberofanimalsthatmaybesustainedbypresentlyavailablelegalsourcesofwatersupplyandtoinformtheagenciesatpermitissuanceontheamountofthepresentlyavailablelegalsourcesofwatersupplyandthenumberofanimalsthatmaybesustained.Operationmustalsoinformagenciesifanychangetowatersourceoramountoccursduringthelifeofthepermit.V.IndexofCommenters
• OralCommentersduringtheJuly28,2016Hearing–Recordingavailableuponrequesto WayneDowningo MartyMyerso CarlaMclaneo VictoriaRudyo TomHagerudo LukeDyneso JillParker
• FormLetters–
o DenyMegaDairy(39)o DenytheLostValleyRanchwaterpollutionpermitandstopnewmega-CAFOsinOregon(99)o Say“No”toFactoryFarmsinOregon(222)o Opposepollutionpermitfornewdairyfactoryfarm(118)o RejectPermitforLostValleyRanchDairyCAFO(1515)o Petition#1(1868)o Petitionwithcomments(7)supplementaldocumenttotheabovepetitionthatprovidedindividualcomments
o Petition#2(249)
• IndividualComments(156)–SeeAttachment#1