USGS Letter to DEC

8/2/2019 USGS Letter to DEC

1/22

[)^) Dklhldmnah ^{zuk}( Ikt ]lzc Tapkz ^nmkink Nkipkz Nlggkip~ li pbkZkum~k` @zaep {vvhkgkipah Dkikzmn Kiumzligkipah Mgvanp papkgkip

Vadk 1 le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Zkum~mli~ pl pbk `zaep ^{vvhkgkipah Dkikzmn Kiumzligkipah Mgvanp ^papkgkip "`^DKM^-

vzlvl~k gai} nzmpmnah gka~{zk~ pl bkhv gmimgmk pbk mgvanp le ~bahk'da~ `kukhlvgkip li

pbk tapkz zk~l{znk~ le Ikt ]lzc papk) Bltkukz( a i{gjkz le tapkz'zk~l{znknbazanpkzmapmli ai` glimplzmid ikk`~ ai` lvvlzp{impmk~ zkhapk` pl ~bahk'da~ `kukhlvgkip

bauk ilp jkki a``zk~~k` j} pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^) Pbk~k m~~{k~ minh{`k?

1-^bahhlt nbazanpkzmapmli le ezk~btapkz( ~ahptapkz( ai` da~3:- Dzl{i`tapkz glimplzmid ap ~bahk'da~ tkhh va`~3>- Vzminmvah Aq{mekz `khmikapmli30- ^l{znk~ le zknbazdk pl ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ ai` dzl{i`tapkz ~{vvhmk~3

;- Gmnzl~km~gmn glimplzmid le b}`za{hmn ezanp{zmid35- Ezanp{zk~( ea{hp~( ai` b}`za{hmn'ezanp{zk jazzmkz~3

4- Ikt ]lzc Nmp} aq{k`{np3 ai`2- Tkhh tapkz'q{ahmp} ~agvhmid ai` àpa ja~k))

^bahhlt Nbazan

pk

zmapmli le E zk~

btapk

z(

âhptapk

z(

ai` Da~

Vzlpknpmli le ezk~btapkz aq{mekz~ `{zmid ~bahk'da~ `kukhlvgkip m~ nzmpmnah) Gka~{zk~

packi pl vzlpknp pbk aq{mekz~ `{zmid da~'tkhh `zmhhmid minh{`k mi~pahhapmli ai` nkgkipmid le~pkkh ~{zeank na~mid ~kp jkhlt pbk ja~k le ezk~btapkz) Bltkukz( lih} ~nappkzk` ai`

minlgvhkpk mielzgapmli m~ auamhajhk li pbk `kvpb pl pbk ja~k le ezk~btapkz( ai` pbk

nbazanpkz ai` `m~pzmj{pmli le `kkv ezk~btapkz ai` ~bahhlt ~ahptapkz ai` da~ m~ ilp tkhh{i`kz~pll`) Ezk~btapkz ta~ zkvlzpk`h} vzl`{nk` ezlg ptl Lzm~cai} da~ pk~p tkhh~ mi

]apk~ Nl{ip}( Ikt ]lzc ezlg `kvpb~ le 1(666 ekkp jkhlt hai` ~{zeank "Czkm`hkz( 1=;=-)

Zaiàhh "1=42- ai` Tmhhmag~ ai` lpbkz~ "1==2- zkvlzp pbk vzk~kink le ~ahptapkz ai` da~

mi tapkz tkhh~ nlgvhkpk` mi [vvkz @kulimai jk`zlnc pbap tkzk `zmhhk` `kkvkz pbai :66ekkp mi pbk dhanmapk` uahhk}~ le ~l{pb'nkipzah Ikt ]lzc ai` ilzpb'nkipzah Vkii~}huaima)

Zknlz`~ le da~ tkhh~ mi Nbkg{id( Pmlda( ai` Jzllgk Nl{ipmk~( Ikt ]lzc mi`mnapk pbk

vzk~kink le ezk~btapkz mi [vvkz @kulimai jk`zlnc mi {vhai` ~kppmid~ ap `kvpb~ le 266

ekkp jkhlt hai` ~{zeank "Tmhhmag~( :616-)

Gkpbaik nlipagmiapmli le `lgk~pmn tapkz tkhh~ ba~ lnn{zzk` ikaz ~khknpk` ~bahk'da~

`kukhlvgkip ~mpk~ mi ilzpb'nkipzah Vkii~}huaima vzk~{gajh} `{k pl mia`kq{apk na~mid~kah~ "L~jlzi ai` lpbkz~( :611-) Dmuki pbm~ gkpbaik gmdzapmli m~~{k( pbk zkum~k`

`^DKM^~zkq{mzkgkiplepbkmi~pahhapmliai`nkgkipmidleaimipkzgk`mapkna~mid(mi

a``mpmli pl pbk ~{zeank na~mid( m~ vz{`kip) Bltkukz( pbk `k~mdi( mi~pahhapmli( ai` {hpmgapk~{nnk~~ le na~mid ai` nkgkipmid vzldzag~ azk `kvki`kip li keeknpmuk nbazanpkzmapmli le

pbk ~bahhlt dklb}`zlhldmn ~}~pkg) Ptl gaolz Gaznkhh{~ da~'`kukhlvgkip nlgvaimk~

bauk zkahmk` pbk mgvlzpaink le ~bahhlt nbazanpkzmapmli ai` azk zl{pmikh} nlhhknpmid g{`

hld~ ai` dklvb}~mnah hld~ "emd) 1- ezlg pbk ~{zeank ai` mipkzgk`mapk mipkzuah~ le likplv~kp tkhh ap kanb ~bahk'da~ tkhh va`) Pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^ `lk~ ilp zkq{mzk pbk `kpamhk`

g{` hlddmid ai` dklvb}~mnah hlddmid le pbk {vvkz vazp le da~ tkhh~ ikk`k` pl `kpkzgmik

pbk `m~pzmj{pmli le ezk~btapkz( ~ahptapkz( ai` da~ ai` pl vzlvkzh} `k~mdi pbk na~mid ai`nkgkipmid vzldzag)


2/22


Vadk : le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Emd{zk 1) Lik'azg nahmvkz( dagga( mi`{npmli zk~m~pmump} ai` nli`{npmump}( ai`

ik{pzli vlzl~mp} hld~ ezlg a Gaznkhh{~ da~'tkhh plv~kp blhk mi ezanp{zk` {vvkz@kulimai jk`zlnc3 mi`{npmli zk~m~pmump} ai` nli`{npmump} hld~ ~{ddk~p pbk ja~k le

pbk ezk~btapkz aq{mekz m~ ap a `kvpb le ajl{p 0;6 ep jkhlt hai` ~{zeank

Zkekzkink~

Czkm`hkz( T) H)( 1=;=( ^khknpk` `kkv tkhh~ ai` azka~ le da~ vzl`{npmli mi ka~pkzi ai`

Nkipzah( Ikt ]lzc? Ikt ]lzc ^papk G{~k{g ai` ^nmkink ^kzumnk J{hhkpmi >4>( :0> v)

Zai`ahh( A)( 1=4:( Zknlz`~ le tkhh~ ai` pk~p jlzmid~ mi pbk ^{~q{kbaiia Zmukz ja~mi(

Ikt ]lzc? I]^ @kvazpgkip le Kiumzligkipah Nli~kzuapmli J{hhkpmi 5=( =: v)

L~jlzi( ^)D)( Auikz( Ukidl~b( Tazikz( I)Z)( ai` Oanc~li( Z)J)( :611( Gkpbaik

nlipagmiapmli le `zmicmid tapkz annlgvai}mid da~'tkhh `zmhhmid ai` b}`za{hmn

ezanp{zmid? Vzlnkk`mid~ le pbk Iapmliah Ana`kg} le ^nmkink~(ttt)via~)lzd,ndm,`lm,16)164>,via~)116652:162( ; v)

Tmhhmag~( O) B)( Pa}hlz( H) K)( ai` Hlt( @) O)( 1==2( B}`zldklhld} ai` dzl{i`tapkzq{ahmp} le pbk dhanmapk` uahhk}~ le Jza`elz`( Pmlda( ai` Vlppkz Nl{ipmk~( Vkii~}huaima?

Vkii~}huaima Plvldzavbmn ai` Dklhldmn ^{zuk} Tapkz Zk~l{znk~ Zkvlzp 52( 2= v)


3/22


Vadk > le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Tmhhmag~( O) B)( :616( Kuah{apmli le tkhh zknlz`~ elz `kpkzgmimid pbk vzk~kink le

ezk~btapkz( ~ahptapkz( ai` da~ ajluk pbk Gaznkhh{~ ^bahk mi Nbkg{id( Pmlda( ai`

Jzllgk Nl{ipmk~( Ikt ]lzc? [)^) Dklhldmnah ^{zuk} Lvki'Emhk Zkvlzp"bppv?,,v{j~){~d~)dlu,~mz,:616,;::0,-)

Dzl{i`tapkz Glimplzmid ap ^bahk'Da~ Tkhh Va`~

Nlipagmiaip pbzkap~ pl pbk dzl{i`tapkz zk~l{znk~ ap ~bahk'da~ tkhh va`~ minh{`k? "1-

~{zeank ~vmhh~ ai` hkacadk le `zmhhmid eh{m`~( b}`za{hmn ezanp{zmid nbkgmnah~( ai` ehlt'janc eh{m`~3 ai` ":- mia`kq{apk lz ea{hp} tkhh na~mid ai` nkgkip ~kah~ pbap ahhlt elz

ukzpmnah gmdzapmli le iap{zah da~( mioknpk` nbkgmnah~( ai` ~ahmik tapkz) @k~mdi ai`

mgvhkgkipapmli le a dzl{i`tapkz ikptlzc pl glimplz mgvanp~ le pbk~k dzl{i`tapkz

nlipagmiapmli pbzkap~ mi dhanmapk`( ezanp{zk` jk`zlnc ~kppmid~ m~ a pknbimnah nbahhkidk pbaptmhh iknk~~mpapk ai mipkdzapk` g{hpm'gkpbl` avvzlanb pl tkhh `k~mdi ai` ~agvhmid)

Me il `lgk~pmn tapkz'~{vvh} tkhh~ azk vzk~kip mi pbk `k~mdiapk` za`m{~( lz me blgkltikz~`ki} annk~~ pl pbkmz tkhh~( mp tl{h` avvkaz pbap {i`kz pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^ il dzl{i`tapkz

q{ahmp} ~agvhmid tl{h` jk zkq{mzk` ap a ~bahk'da~ tkhh'va` ~mpk) Mi a``mpmli( ahpbl{db

aeelz`mid ~lgk hkukh le vzlpknpmli( `lgk~pmn tkhh~ azk ilp ~mpk` lz nli~pz{npk` pl ~kzuk a~glimplzmid vlmip~ ai` mipkzvzkpapmli le tapkz'q{ahmp} ~agvhk~ ezlg pbkg azk eza{dbp tmpb

m~~{k~) @{zmid pbk mimpmah ~padk~ le ~bahk'da~ `kukhlvgkip mi Ikt ]lzc ^papk( mp tl{h`

avvkaz vz{`kip pbap ~vknmemnahh} `k~mdik` dzl{i`tapkz glimplzmid vzldzag~ ~bl{h` jknli`{npk` ap hka~p ap a ~khknpk` i{gjkz le tkhh va`~) @m~nzkpk'lik glimplzmid tkhh~

"emd) :- nl{h` jk mi~pahhk` pl pbk ja~k le pbk ezk~btapkz aq{mekz pl glimplz b}`za{hmn bka`~(

tapkz q{ahmp}( ai` da~ jkelzk( `{zmid( ai` aepkz `zmhhmid ai` b}`za{hmn ezanp{zmid

lvkzapmli~( ai` g{nb le pbk `apa vzlum`k` mi a ikaz zkah'pmgk ja~m~ elz ahh pl {i`kz~pai`pbk zk~{hp~ le pbm~ glimplzmid)

Emd{zk :) ^nbkgapmn kragvhk ha}l{p le glimplzmid tkhh~

mi zkhapmli pl a vzl~vknpmuk ~bahk'da~ tkhh va`
http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5224/http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5224/http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5224/http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5224/


4/22



Vzminmvah Aq{mekz @khmikapmli

^vknmemn gka~{zk~ pl vzlpknp Ikt ]lzc ^papk$~ `zmicmid tapkz mi pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^minh{`k vzlbmjmpmid ~{zeank `zmhhmid li Vzminmvah Aq{mekz~ tmpbl{p ~mpk'~vknmemn zkumkt~)

Bltkukz( {ihmck pbk Vzmgaz} Aq{mekz~( ilp ahh Vzminmvah Aq{mekz~ bauk jkki `khmikapk` ap

a gavvmid ~nahk a`kq{apk elz tkhh'va` ~mpk kuah{apmli) Pbk krm~pmid ^papk'tm`kDkldzavbmn Mielzgapmli ^}~pkg "DM^- gav ~bltmid pbk Vzminmvah Aq{mekz~ ta~

nlgvmhk` ai` `mdmpmk` mi pbk 1=26~ ap a ~nahk le 1?:;6(666) Pbk ^papk'tm`k gav m~

l{pàpk` ai` bmdbh} miann{zapk tbki vzloknpk` pl pbk 1?:0(666 ~nahk "emd) >-) Zknkiph}

nlgvhkpk` DM^ nlukzadk~ le pbk Vzmgaz} Aq{mekz~ ai` ~khknpk` Vzminmvah Aq{mekz~gavvk` ap pbk 13:0(666 ~nahk {~mid nli~m~pkip `khmikapmli nzmpkzma azk auamhajhk ezlg pbk

[^D^ tkj vadk apbppv?,,i})tapkz){~d~)dlu,vzloknp~,dm~{imp,[v~papk\Aq{mekz\Vadk)bpgh)

@khmikapmli le pbk zkgamimid Vzminmvah'Aq{mekz jl{iàzmk~ ap pbk 1?:0(666 ~nahk {~mid pbk

~agk gavvmid nzmpkzma m~ tazzaipk` elz keeknpmuk avvhmnapmli le pbm~ tapkz'zk~l{znkvzlpknpmli gka~{zk)

Emd{zk >) Kragvhk le aq{mekz jl{iàzmk~ nlgvmhk` ai` `mdmpmk` ap a ~nahk le

1?:;6(666 "lzaidk azka- nlgvazk` tmpb a `kpamhk` aq{mekz jl{iàz} gavvk` ap a~nahk le 1?:0(666 "l{phmik` mi jh{k hmik-3 ilpk pbap pbkzk m~ glzk pbai a>6 vkznkip

`m~nzkvain} jkptkki pbk aq{mekz jl{iàzmk~ gavvk` ap pbk ptl `meekzkip ~nahk~
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/gisunit/Upstate_Aquifer_Page.htmlhttp://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/gisunit/Upstate_Aquifer_Page.htmlhttp://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/gisunit/Upstate_Aquifer_Page.htmlhttp://ny.water.usgs.gov/projects/gisunit/Upstate_Aquifer_Page.html


5/22


Vadk ; le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

^l{znk~ le Zknbazdk pl pzapm emk`'@zmep Aq{mekz~ ai` Dzl{i`tapkz ^{vvhmk~

Pbk vzlvl~k` ~kpjanc~ elz ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~( v{jhmn'~{vvh} tkhh~( ai` `lgk~pmn

tkhh~ vzlum`k a jzla` ja~m~ elz vzlpknpmli le tapkz zk~l{znk~ lukz a hazdk dkldzavbmn

azka( g{nb hmck pbk v{jhmn ~{vvh} tkhhbka`'vzlpknpmli azka `khmikapmli~ {i`kz pbk Ikt]lzc ^papk @kvazpgkip le Bkahpb) @kpamhk` aiah}~m~ le nli`mpmli~ m~ ilp vl~~mjhk lukz

pbm~ hazdk azka( j{p minlzvlzapmli le ~lgk a``mpmliah dklb}`zlhldmn nlinkvp~ nai kibaink

vzlpknpmli le v{jhmn ai` `lgk~pmn dzl{i`tapkz ~{vvhmk~)

Dzl{i`tapkz'~{vvh} vzlpknpmli m~ nlgvhmnapk` jkna{~k tapkz ~l{znk~ ai` dzl{i`tapkz

ehlt m~ ilp zka`mh} lj~kzuajhk) A`kq{apk vzlpknpmli le dzl{i`tapkz ~{vvhmk~ `kvki`~ li

nbazanpkzmapmli le pbk hlnah dklb}`zlhldmn ~kppmid ai` vlpkipmah ~l{znk~ le zknbazdk pl

pbk ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ pbap ~{vvh} gai} nlgg{impmk~) Pbk mgvlzpaink le {vhai`~l{znk~ le zknbazdk pl ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ mi pbk dhanmapk` Ilzpbka~p "emd) 0- ba~ jkki

zknldimk` elz glzk pbai 06 }kaz~ "Nzami( 1=553 GanIm~b ai` Zaiàhh( 1=2:3 Glzzm~~k}

ai` lpbkz~( 1=223 Zaiàhh( 1=423 Tmhhmag~( 1==13 ai` Tmhhmag~ ai` Glzzm~k}( 1==5-)

Emd{zk 0) ^l{znk~ le zknbazdk pl ~pzapmemk` zmep mi uahhk}~ mi pbk dhanmapk`

Ilzpbka~p "ezlg Glzzm~~k} ai` lpbkz~( 1=22- ai` kragvhk le `mum`k li aòankipbmhhplv~ mi {inbaiikhk` uahhk}'tahh azka~


6/22



Pbk {vhai` ~l{znk~ le zknbazdk pl ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ ai` dzl{i`tapkz ~{vvhmk~ pbap

~bl{h` jk nli~m`kzk` elz vzlpknpmli azk?

1) Miemhpzapmli levzknmvmpapmli li aòankipuahhk} bmh h~m`k~tmpb~{j~kq{kip`lti'~hlvk dzl{i`tapkzehltplpbk uahhk}ehllz

)

@khmikapmli le plvldzavbmn `mum`k~dkikzahh} `kemik~ pbk azkah krpkip le pbm~ nlipzmj{pmli) Pbk vzlvl~k` ;66 ep j{eekz

azl{i` Vzmgaz} Aq{mekz~ m~ lik'~mk'emp~'ahh ai` ga} vzlum`k lih} vazpmah

vzlpknpmli pl pbk~k aq{mekz~) A glzk ~nmkipmemnahh} ~l{i` avvzlanb m~ pl zkq{mzk

`khmikapmli le ~{zeank'tapkz mum`k~ aòankip pl pbk Vzmgaz} Aq{mekz~) Pbm~ tl{h`

ilp jk a ~mdimemnaip miuk~pgkip mi pmgk {~mid pbk [^D^ tkj avvhmnapmli

^pzkag^pap~ "bppv?,,tapkz){~d~)dlu,l~t,~pzkag~pap~,ikt\}lzc)bpgh-( pb{~ pbk nl~p'

jkikemp m~ vlpkipmahh} dzkap)

:)

Miemh

pza

pmli l

eta

pkz

ezl

g

pzmj{

paz}

~pzk

ag~

a~pbk

}ehlt a

n

zl~~

ahh{umah'eai lz

~pzapmemk '`zmep `kvl~mp~pltaz`~pbkgami'uahhk}~pzkaglz zmukz) Pbm~ tapkz m~

`kzmuk` ezlg pbk tapkz~bk` azka le pbk pzmj{paz} ~pzkag) A ~{vvh} tkhh li ai

ahh{umah eai lz mi aòankip ~pzapmemk` `zmep ga} ~ka~liahh} `kzmuk a ~mdimemnaip

vkznkipadk le v{gvk` tapkz ezlg miemhpzapmli le ~pzkag tapkz `kzmuk` ezlg ai

{vhai` ~l{znk azka "emd) ;-) Pb{~( v{jhmn dzl{i`tapkz ~{vvhmk~ mi pbk gami uahhk}~

pbap `kzmuk tapkz ezlg pzmj{paz} ~pzkag~ azk vazpmn{hazh} u{hikzajhk pl tapkz'

q{ahmp} `kdzaàpmli mi pbl~k {vhai` tapkz~bk`~) A``mpmliah vzlpknpmli ~bl{h` jk

nli~m`kzk` elz pbk~k {vhai` tapkz~bk`~ pbap nlipzmj{pk tapkz `mzknph} pl v{jhmn

dzl{i`tapkz ~{vvhmk~) M`kahh}( pbk~k tapkz~bk`~ ~bl{h` jk aeelz`k` pbk ~agk

vzlpknpmli a~ bmhh~m`k azka~) Krnh{~mli le tkhh va`~ mi nlipzmj{pmid pzmj{paz}tapkz~bk`~ hk~~ pbai ; gm: lz pbk hltkz ; gm: le hazdkz pzmj{paz} tapkz~bk`~ tl{h`

vzlum`k a zka~liajhk `kdzkk le v{jhmn'tapkz'~{vvh} vzlpknpmli)
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/new_york.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/new_york.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/new_york.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/new_york.html


7/22



Emd{zk ;) Kragvhk azka ~bltmid gami uahhk} aq{mekz "pai l{phmik` tmpb jh{k

`a~bk` hmik-( {vhai`~ tmpb pbmnc pmhh "vmic- ai` pbmi pmhh "dza}-( ahh{umah eai~"dzkki-( {vhai` tapkz~bk`~ le ~pzkag~ pbap hl~k ehlt a~ pbk} nzl~~ ~khknpk`

ahh{umah eai~ "l{phmik` tmpb dzkki ~lhm` hmik-( ai` v{jhmn'~{vvh} tkhh "zk` `lp- tmpb:(666 ep j{eekz "dza} nmznhk-)

Pbk zkum~k` `^KM^ aeelz`~ hmgmpk` vzlpknpmli pl `lgk~pmn tkhh ltikz~ tmpb a vzlvl~k`

;66 ep j{eekz azl{i` `lgk~pmn tkhh~ ai` ~vzmid~ {ihk~~ tamuk` j} pbk blgkltikz)Pbk ;66 ep j{eekz azl{i` `lgk~pmn tkhh~ `lk~ ilp pack hlnah dklb}`zlhldmn nli`mpmli~ ai`

plvldzavbmn ~kppmid mipl annl{ip) Ikazh} ahh `lgk~pmn tkhh~ mi {vhai` azka~ pav pbk

ezanp{zk` jk`zlnc aq{mekz) Pbk hlt ~plzadk mi pbk~k aq{mekz~ zkhapmuk pl a ~ai` ai` dzaukhaq{mekz gkai~ pbap nbaidk~ jzl{dbp ajl{p j} `zmhhmid( minh{`mid tapkz q{ahmp} nbaidk~(

nai jk ekhp zavm`h} ap ~mdimemnaip `m~paink ezlg a `m~p{zjaink k~vknmahh} me a `lgk~pmn

tkhh m~ `ltidza`mkip le a tkhh va`) [vhai` azka~ le pbmnc pmhh "emd) ;- vzlum`k ~lgk hkukhle vzlpknpmli pl hlnah `lgk~pmn tkhh~ ezlg `zmhhmid zkhapk` annm`kip~ ap hai` ~{zeank)Vzlpknpmli le mi`mum`{ah tkhh~ li a ~mpk j} ~mpk ja~m~ m~ ilp eka~mjhk3 bltkukz( ~mpmid tkhh

tkhh va`~ mggk`mapkh} {v~hlvk le `lgk~pmn tkhh~ mi jk`zlnc aq{mekz azka~ ~bl{h` jk

aulm`k` ai` tkhh va`~ ~bl{h` ilp jk ~mpk` "a~ g{nb a~ vl~~mjhk- tbkzk jk`zlnc m~krvl~k` ap hai` ~{zeank)


8/22



Zkekzkink~

Nzami( H)O)( 1=55( Dzl{i`'tapkz zk~l{znk~ le pbk Oagk~plti azka( Ikt ]lzc( tmpb

kgvba~m~ li pbk b}`zlhld} le pbk gaolz ~pzkag uahhk}~? Ikt ]lzc Tapkz Zk~l{znk~

Nlggm~~mli J{hhkpmi ;2( 154 v)

Bkm~md( V) G)( :611( Tapkz'~{vvh} nli~m`kzapmli~ tmpbmi pbk Gaznkhh{~ ^bahk da~'vha}

azka le Ikt ]lzc ^papk? [) ^) Dklhldmnah {zuk} {iv{jhm~bk` bai`l{p auamhajhk ap

bppv?,,i})tapkz){~d~)dlu,vzloknp~{ggazmk~,NV>6,gaznkhh{~bai`l{p)vè)

GanIm~b( Z)@) ai` Zaiàhh( A)@)( 1=2:( ^pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ mi pbk {~q{kbaiia

Zmukz ja~mi( Ikt ]lzc? Ikt ]lzc @kvazpgkip le Kiumzligkipah Nli~kzuapmli J{hhkpmi

4;( 52 v)

Glzzm~~k}( @)O)( Zaiàhh( A)@)( ai` Tmhhmag~( O)B)( 1=22( [vhai` z{ilee a~ a gaolz

~l{znk le zknbazdk pl ~pzapmemk` `zmep mi pbk dhanmapk` Ilzpbka~p( miZaiàhh( A)@)( aiÒlbi~li( A)M)( k`~)( Zkdmliah Aq{mekz ^}~pkg~ le pbk [impk` ^papk~( Ilzpbka~p DhanmahAq{mekz~? Agkzmnai Tapkz Zk~l{znk~ A~~lnmapmli Glildzavb ^kzmk~ il) 11( v) 14'>5)

Zaiàhh( A)@)( 1=42( Miemhpzapmli ezlg pzmj{paz} ~pzkag~ mi pbk ^{~q{kbaiia Zmukz ja~mi(

Ikt ]lzc? [)^) Dklhldmnah ^{zuk} Ol{ziah le Zk~kaznb( u)5( il) >( v) :2;':24)

Tmhhmag~( O)B)( 1==1( Pzmj{paz} ~pzkag miemhpzapmli mi Gaz~b Nzkkc uahhk}( ilzpb'nkipzah

Vkii~}huaima? [)^) Dklhldmnah ^{zuk} Tapkz'Zk~l{znk~ Miuk~pmdapmli~ Zkvlzp =6'06;:(

>= v)

Tmhhmag~( O) B)( ai` Glzzm~k}( @) O)( 1==5( Zknbazdk le uahhk}'emhh aq{mekz~ mi pbkdhanmapk` Ilzpbka~p ezlg {vhai` z{ilee( mi Zmpnbk}( O) @) ai` Z{gja{db( O) L)( k`~)(

^{j~{zeank Eh{m`'Ehlt "Dzl{i`'tapkz ai` Ua`l~k _lik- Gl`khmid( A^PG ^PV 1:22(Agkzmnai ^lnmkp} elz Pk~pmid ai` Gapkzmah~( v) =4'11>

Gmnzl~km~gmn Glimplzmid le B}`za{hmn E zanp{ zk~

Gmnzl~km~gmn kuah{apmli le b}`za{hmn ezanp{zk `kukhlvgkip m~ a dklvb}~mnah gkpbl`

avvhmk` j} ~lgk da~ nlgvaimk~ pl glimplz pbk blzmlipah ai` ukzpmnah krpkip le ezanp{zk

vzlvadapmli) @apa ezlg pbk da~ mi`{~pz} elz Gaznkhh{~ b}`za{hmn ezanp{zk~ ~{ddk~p~ pbappbk {vtaz` ukzpmnah krpkip le pbk ezanp{zk~ `knzka~k~ tmpb `knzka~mid `kvpb tmpb ezanp{zk

bkmdbp~ le :(666 ekkp ap a `kvpb le 2(666 ekkp ai` ;66 ekkp ap a `kvpb le ;(666 ekkp "Em~bkz(

:616-) Mi Ikt ]lzc ^papk( pbk Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk hmckh} tmhh jk b}`za{hmnahh} ezanp{zk` ap`kvpb~ jkptkki >(666 ai` ;(666 ekkp( a `kvpb mipkzuah elz tbmnb umzp{ahh} il gmnzl~km~gmn

àpa ba~ jkki nlhhknpk`) Ahpbl{db gmnzl~km~gmn m~ a vzluki mi`{~pz} pknbimq{k( gavvmid

pbk krpkip le b}`za{hmn ezanp{zk~ {~mid pbm~ dklvb}~mnah gkpbl` m~ ilp zkq{mzk` j} pbk
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/projectsummaries/CP30/marcellushandout.pdfhttp://ny.water.usgs.gov/projectsummaries/CP30/marcellushandout.pdfhttp://ny.water.usgs.gov/projectsummaries/CP30/marcellushandout.pdf


9/22


Vadk = le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

zkum~k` `^DKM^ kuki `{zmid pbk mimpmah ~padk~ le ~bahk'da~ `kukhlvgkip mi Ikt ]lzc

^papk) Vzlum~mli pl ~{vvh} pbk~k àpa pl pbk ^papk tl{h` ahhlt pbk v{jhmn pl jkppkz

{i`kz~pai` pbk hapkzah ai` ukzpmnah krpkip le ezanp{zk~ nzkapk` `{zmid pbk b}`za{hmnezanp{zmid vzlnk~~)

Zkekzkink

Em~bkz( H)O)( :616( @apa nliemzg ~aekp} le tkhh ezanp{zmid? Pbk Agkzmnai Lmh ai` Da~

Zkvlzpkz( > v) "bppv?,,ttt)em`khmp}kvnl)nlg,@ln{gkip~,LmhDa~Zkvp\64:616)vè-)

E zanp{ zk~( Ea{hp~( ai` B}`za{hmn'Ezanp{ zk Jazz mkz~

Pbk Gaznkhh{~ ^bahk m~ {i`kzhami j} pbk Liliàda Hmgk~plik ai` m~ lukzhami j} pbkP{hh} Hmgk~plik ai` [vvkz Bagmhpli ~bahk~ ai` hmgk~plik~) Pbk~k jk`zlnc {imp~ azk

v{zvlzpk` pl jk jazzmkz~ pl ezanp{zk vzlvadapmli ezlg b}`za{hmn ezanp{zmid le pbk

Gaznkhh{~ ^bahk) Pbk mipkdzmp} le pbk b}`za{hmn'ezanp{zk jazzmkz~ nai jk miuk~pmdapk`pbzl{db dklvb}~mnah miuk~pmdapmli~ minh{`mid tkhh hlddmid( hmikagkip gavvmid( ai`

~km~gmn ~{zuk}~) Ahpbl{db dklvb}~mnah miuk~pmdapmli~ azk nlgglih} nlgvhkpk` a~ vazp

le da~ krvhlzapmli( `ln{gkipapmli le b}`za{hmn'ezanp{zk jazzmkz nlipmi{mp} ai` mipkdzmp} m~ilp zkq{mzk` j} pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^) Vzlum~mli pl ~{vvh} pbk~k àpa pl pbk ^papk tl{h`

ahhlt a jkppkz {i`kz~pai`mid le pbk ~pz{np{zah iap{zk le pbl~k azka~ tbkzk pbk~k

miuk~pmdapmli~ pack vhank)

Hmikagkip~ lj~kzuk` li zkglpk ~ki~mid àpa bauk jkki el{i` pl jk nlminm`kip tmpb

lik~ le ezanp{zk nlinkipzapmli "Oanljm( :66:-) Mi pbk mipkzjk``k` ~bahk ai` ~ai`~plikjk`zlnc lukzh}mid pbk Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk'da~ vha}( pbk ezanp{zk ezkq{kin} tmpbmi pbk~k lik~

p}vmnahh} m~ ai lz`kz le gadimp{`k dzkapkz pbai pbap mi pbk ~{zzl{i`mid azka) _lik~ le

ezanp{zk nlinkipzapmli bauk jkki a~~lnmapk` tmpb ikazj} ea{hp~ a~ miekzzk` ezlg l{pnzlv~(

tkhh hld~( ai` "lz- ~km~gmn zkehknpmli àpa( ai` ~lgk lik~ bauk jkki a~~lnmapk` tmpbgkpbaik da~ ailgahmk~ mi pbk ~lmh "Oanljm( :66:-)

A~ vzk~kipk` jkhlt "emd) 5- ezlg a zknkip aq{mekz gavvmid vzloknp j} pbk [^D^ minllvkzapmli tmpb pbk I]^@KN "Gmhhkz ai` Vmpgai( mi zkumkt-( lik~ le ezanp{zk

nlinkipzapmli ai` ea{hp~ nlgglih} {i`kzhmk uahhk}~ pbap nlipami mgvlzpaip ~pzapmemk`'`zmep

aq{mekz~) Mp m~ vz{`kip pbap pbap pbk hlnapmli le gaolz lik~ le ezanp{zk nlinkipzapmli aièa{hp~ jk nli~m`kzk` mi ~bahk'da~ `zmhhmid ai` b}`za{hmn ezanp{zmid lvkzapmli~ pl bkhv

gmimgmk zm~c~ pl ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ a~ tkhh a~ jk`zlnc aq{mekz~)
http://www.fidelityepco.com/Documents/OilGasRept_072010.pdfhttp://www.fidelityepco.com/Documents/OilGasRept_072010.pdfhttp://www.fidelityepco.com/Documents/OilGasRept_072010.pdfhttp://www.fidelityepco.com/Documents/OilGasRept_072010.pdf


10/22



Emd{zk 5) Zkhapmli le hmikagkip~ ai` ~khknpk` ~pzapmemk`'`zmep aq{mekz~ "hmikagkip~ ~blti

a~ à~bk` zk` hmik~( Na}{da Nzkkc aq{mekz l{phmik` mi jh{k( ai` Napaplic Nzkkc aq{mekzl{phmik` mi lzaidk-

Pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^ zkekzkink~ pbk ^papk'tm`k gav le ea{hp~ ai` hmikagkip~ j} M~anb~ki

ai` GnCki`zkk "1=44-) A glzk`kpamhk`gavvmidlehmikagkip~miIkt]lzc~Avvahanbmai ja~mi ta~ nlgvhkpk` j} Kazpbâp "1==4- elz pbk Ikt ]lzc Kikzd} Zk~kaznb

ai` @kukhlvgkip A{pblzmp}) Pbzl{db ai mipkdzapk` aiah}~m~ le hmikagkip( dklhldmn(

dklvb}~mnah( ai` ~km~gmn kvmnkipkz àpa( Oanljm ":66:- nlinh{`k` pbap pbkzk azk glzk

ea{hp~miIkt]lzc~AvvahanbmaiJa~mipbaivzkuml{~h}~{~vknpk`(ai`pbapgai}lepbk~k ea{hp~ azk ~km~gmnahh} anpmuk)

Pbkea{hpgav(Gavvk`DklhldmnEa{hp~miIkt]lzc^papk(vzk~kipkà~emd{zk0)1>mi

pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^ "emd) 4-( dzl~~h} {i`kz zkvzk~kip~ pbk i{gjkz ai` krpkip le ea{hp~ mipbk Avvahanbmai Ja~mi le Ikt ]lzc) Pbk ea{hp gav m~ l{pàpk` ai` `lk~ ilp minh{`k pbkzk~{hp~ le gai} v{jhmnapmli~ ~{ggazmk` jkhlt pbap bauk gavvk` a``mpmliah ea{hp~ ai`

~bl{h` jk nli~m`kzk`)


11/22



Emd{zk 4) Zkum~k` `^DKM^ Emd{zk 0)1> ~bltmid ea{hp~ mi Ikt ]lzc)

V{jhmnapmli~ lukz pbk va~p 06 }kaz~ pbap `ln{gkip pbk vzk~kink le ea{hp~ mi pbk

Avvahanbmai Ja~mi le Ikt ]lzc azk ~{ggazmk` jkhlt mi nbzlilhldmnah lz`kz)

1) Vazckz "1=0:- gavvk` pbzkk olmip ~kp~ mi nkipzah Ikt ]lzc "I16lT( T'K( ai`I5;

l

K- mi`mnapmuk le pbk ea{hp,ezanp{zk ezagktlzc):) Oanlj} "1=5=- gavvk` pbk Zkp~le ea{hp)>) Oanlj} ai` @khhtmd "1=40- gavvk` pbk ^kikna Hack ea{hp) Pbk ea{hp ~pzmck~I;lT

ai`vzloknp~ ~l{pbtaz` ahlid pbk tk~p ~blzk le^kikna Hack ai` krpki`~ ezlg pbk

Bmgzl` gmik mi pbk ilzpb pl Tapcmi~ Dhki jzmik emkh` "ai` nlipmi{mid ~l{pbtaz`(

pbk ea{hp pzank nlminm`k~ tmpb a Hai`~ap hmikagkip gavvk` j} M~anb~ki ai`GnCki`zkk "1=44-)

0) ^plik % Tkj~pkz dklhldmn ai` b}`zlhldmn zkvlzp~ "1=42a( 1=42j( ai` 1=4=-gavvk` ~pz{np{zk~ mi nkipzah I] "emd) 2- a~ vazp le ai kuah{apmli le pbk ~{mpajmhmp}le j{z}mid bmdb'hkukh za`mlanpmuk ta~pk mi pbk ^ahmia Elzgapmli) Lik le pbk

nlinh{~mli~ le pbk ^plik % Tkj~pkzzkvlzp~ta~pbapEa{hpmid mi pbk Ikt ]lzc

~p{`} azka m~ glzk tm`k~vzka` pbai vzkuml{~h}pbl{dbp) Pbk ^plik % Tkj~pkz

zkvlzp~ ah~l ~papk` mi pbk nlinh{~mli~ pbapTkjkhmkukpbappbkkum`kinkm~~{eemnmkip ap pbm~ pmgk "1=42- pl nlinh{`k pbap pbk ~ahp ja~mi mi Ikt ]lzc m~ n{p j}~pzmck'~hmv pkaz ea{hp~ ai` lpbkz ikazh} ukzpmnah ea{hp~ tbmnb zkvzk~kip vlpkipmah

nli`{mp~ledzl{i`tapkznmzn{hapmli)


12/22


Vadk 1: le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Emd{zk 2) ^pz{np{zk~ minh{`mid ea{hp~ gavvk` j} ^plik % Tkj~pkz "1=4=-

;) B{pnbmi~li ai` lpbkz~ "1=4=- k~pajhm~bk` pbap pbk Nhazki`li'Hmi`ki ea{hp krpki`~jkikapb Hack Lipazml)

5) G{zvb} "1=21- j{mhp {vli pbk ^plik % Tkj~pkz tlzc ai` `kgli~pzapk` pbap`kpanbgkip ~pz{np{zk~ azk vzk~kip mi ~l{pb'nkipzah Ikt ]lzc "emd) =- ja~k` li

`kpamhk` kragmiapmli ai` mipkzvzkpapmli le pbk dklhldmn àpa dapbkzk` pl àpk) Pbk

àpa {~k` mi pbm~ ~p{`} nli~m~pk` le dklvb}~mnah hld~ ~{vvhkgkipk` j}`k~nzmvpmli~ le ~agvhk n{ppmid~ le ahh tkhh~ `zmhhk` a~ le Ga} 1=4=) Le ilpk(

G{zvb} "1=21- `k~nzmjk~ pbk Tk~p ^kikna Hack ea{hp( pbk Na}{da Hack ea{hp

"tbmnb m~ a zmdbp'hapkzah ea{hp krpki`mid ~l{pb mipl Na}{pa Nzkkc uahhk} ai` ba~ ai

ki knbkhli lee~kp ahlid pbk Napaplic Nzkkc uahhk}-( ai` Ck{ca Hack ea{hp~)


13/22


Vadk 1> le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Emd{zk =) Ea{hp~ gavvk` j} G{zvb} "1=21-

4) Vl`t}~lncm ai` lpbkz~ "1=2:- miuk~pmdapk` pbk eka~mjmhmp} le ~plzmid bmdb'hkukhza`mlanpmuk ta~pk mi pbk âhmia âhp Elzgapmli mi ~l{pb'nkipzah I]) Mi a``mpmli pl

gavvmid pbk ea{hp~ gavvk` mi pbk G{zvb} vavkz "1=21-( pbm~ [^D^ zkvlzp

gavvk` lpbkz ea{hp~ ai` vzljajhk ea{hp~ ~{nb a~ Tk~p @aij} pbz{~p ea{hp~( pbkNlzphai`'Mpbana ea{hp( Tapcmi~ Dhki'Pa{dbaiilnc ea{hp( Nlzimid'Japb ea{hp( Uai

Kppki'Pltaià ea{hp( Nlzimid'Japb ea{hp( Ki`mnlpp'^}zan{~k ea{hp( ai` lpbkz~ "emd)

16-)Ahpbl{db ilp nliemzgk` kukz}tbkzk `{k pl a ~naznmp} le `kkv tkhh hld~( pbkvzk~kink le ea{hp~ ta~ ja~k` li ~kukzah ~l{znk~ le àpa minh{`mid?

a) `mdmpah nlipza~p kibainkgkip le ~kukzah Hai`~ap g{hpm'~vknpzah ~naiikzmgadk~3

j) aiah}~m~ le hmikagkip vappkzi~ ezlg a Hai`~ap G^^'4 gl~amn3n) emkh` gavvmid le jk`zlnc olmip vappkzi~3`) nlgvmhapmli ai` aiah}~m~ le ~{zeank ai` ~{j~{zeank ~pz{np{zk ai` m~lvanb

gav~3

k) nlhhknpmli ai` `mdmpah aiah}~m~ le akzlgadikpmn àpa elz ~l{pbkzi Ikt]lzc3

e) nlgvmhapmli ai` aiah}~m~ le akzlgadikpmn ai` dzaump} àpa elz g{nb leIkt ]lzc ai` Vkii~}huaima3 ai`

d) aiah}~m~ le ~km~gmn zkehknpmli ~{zuk} hmik~ elz ~khknpk` vlzpmli~ le Ikt]lzc ai` Vkii~}huaima)Pbk vavkz ~{ggazmk` pbk dklhld} le ~l{pb'nkipzah Ikt ]lzca~elhhlt~?Tk

jkhmkuk pbk àpa kragmik` ~blt pbk ~p{`} azka pl jk ~pz{np{zahh} nlgvhkr( baumid{i`kzdlik ~kukzah vkzml`~ le `kelzgapmli) Pbk ~pzapmdzavbmn {imp~ vzlvl~k` a~

vlpkipmah ~plzadk jk`~ elz `m~vl~ah le i{nhkaz ta~pk~ avvkaz pl jk aeeknpk` j} jlpb

Vzk'Ahhkdbaimai krpki~mliah "


14/22



nlgvzk~~mliah ai` ~bkaz pknplim~g) Pbk dkikzah ~bavk le pbk jhlnc ai` mp~ zkhapmli

pl pbk Ahhkdbaimai elh`~ jkd~ elz a pbz{~p ~bkkp mipkzvzkpapmli elz pbk jhlnc( tmpb

pbk ka~p ai` tk~p jl{i`mid hmikagkip lik~ anpmid a~ pkaz ea{hp~ ai` pbkilzpbtaz` `m~vhankgkip jkmid packi {v ahlid ~vha} ea{hp~ le pbk Tk~p @aij} ea{hp

~}~pkg) Tk bauk nmpk` kum`kink tbmnb nlzzljlzapk~ pbm~ pbk~m~) Ptl hmikagkip~

tmpbmi pbk zknpmhmikaz jhlnc ah~l `m~vha} pbz{~p lz pkaz ea{hp appzmj{pk~) Pb{~( tbkzkli a gkda~nlvmn ~nahk lih} lik hazdk pbz{~p ~bkkp m~ zknldimk`( glzk `kpamhk`

mi~vknpmli zkukah~ pbap pbk jhlnc vzljajh} nli~m~p~ le gai} ~gahhkz jhlnc~

jl{i`k` j} pbkmzltipbz{~p~ai`pkaz~)

Emd{zk 16) Ea{hp~ gavvk` j} Vl`t}~lncm ai` lpbkz~ "1=2:-

2) A~ vazp le a [^D^ zkvlzp li lukzpbz{~p jkhp~ tlzh`tm`k( Vlbi ":666- gavvk`hmikagkip~ ai` kazpbq{ack kvmnkipkz~ mi pbk Avvahanbmai~ "emd) 11-)


15/22


Vadk 1; le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Emd{zk 11) Hmikagkip~ ai` kazpbq{ack kvmnkipkz~ gavvk` j} Vlbi ":666-

=) Oanljm ":66:- `ln{gkipk` ea{hp~ ai` ai krpki~muk azza} le Ezanp{zk Mipki~memnapmli@lgami~ "EM@~- mi tk~pkzi ai` nkipzah Ikt ]lzc "emd) 1:-) Oanljm ai` El{ipami

":66:- el{i` pbap EM@^ tkzk nlgglih} a~~lnmapk` tmpb ikazj} ea{hp~ m`kipmemk`

li pbk ja~m~ le ~pzapmdzavbmn `m~vhankgkip~ miekzzk` ezlg l{pnzlv~( tkhh hld~( lz

~km~gmn zkehknpmli àpa) Glzklukz( pbk} el{i` pbap ea{hp~ tmpb ~gahh lee~kp

nlgglih} lnn{z mi l{pnzlv~ tmpbmi a EM@) Pb{~( j} m`kipme}mid ai` dzl{i`

pz{pbmid pbk hmikagkip~( pbk} vzk`mnpk` pbk hlnapmli ai` krpkip le ~{jph} krvzk~~k`

ea{hp~ pbap tkzk vzkuml{~h} lukzhllck`) Kum`kink {pmhmk` elz zknldimpmli le ea{hp~

mi Ikt ]lzc minh{`k` pbk mipkdzapmli le EM@~( Kazpbâp "1==4- ai` lpbkz

hmikagkip~( dza`mkip~ mi dzaump} ai` gadikpmn àpa( ~km~gmn ~{zuk}~( ai`

dklvb}~mnah hld~)


16/22



Emd{zk 1:) Ea{hp~ ai` Ezanp{zk Mipki~memnapmli @lgami~ gavvk` j} Oanljm ":66:-

16)[~mid g{hpmvhk hmik~ le kum`kink( Zag{~~ki ai` lpbkz~ ":66>- gavvk` ~pz{np{zk~"minh{`mid ea{hp~- mi pbk Emidkz Hack~ zkdmli le Ikt ]lzc "emd) 1>-) Pbk gl~p`mzknp kum`kink ta~ ezlg `mzknp gavvmid le pbk ~pz{np{zah khkgkip) Hk~~ `mzknp

gkpbl`~ {pmhmk` lee~kp~ mi elh` ekap{zk~ pbap aeeknpk` pbk Hltkz @kulimai

Lzm~cai} ^ai`~plik) Hmikazh} ahmdik` lik~ le ki knbkhli cmgjkzhmpmn mck~ tkzk

ah~l {~k` pl `kemik vlpkipmah( ilzpbtk~p'~pzmcmid( `kkv'~kapk` ea{hp khkgkip~ "~{nb

a~ pbk Mpbana hmik-) Lpbkz vlpkipmah ja~kgkip ~pz{np{zk~ tkzk mi`mnapk` j} hmikaz

jzkac~ jkptkki gadikpmn bmdb~ ai` hlt~( dzaump} bmdb~ ai` hlt~( za`mlgkpzmn

bmdb~ ai` hlt~( a~ tkhh a~ pzl{db~) Lee~kp~ mi pbk zkdmliah l{pnzlv vappkzi~ tkzk

ah~l zkhapk` pl `kkv'~kapk` ea{hp~) Ahmdigkip~ mi pbk nlipl{z hmik~ li pbk

Nlil`lip Ahpkzapmli Mi`mnk~ "NAM- gav tkzk ah~l {~k`)


17/22



Emd{zk 1>) ^pz{np{zk~ minh{`mid ea{hp~ gavvk` j} Zag{~~ki ai` lpbkz~ ":66>-

11)A~ vazp le a zkdmliah a~~k~~gkip le a b}`zlpbkzgah `lhlgmpk da~ vha} mi pbkAvvahanbmai Ja~mi( pbk Pzkipli'Jhanc Zmukz Zk~kaznb Nli~lzpm{g ":665-

gavvk` ai krpki~muk ~kp le ea{hp~ pbap azk zl{dbh} vazahhkh pl zkdmliah ~pzmck ai`

azk lee~kp j} a ~knli` ~kp le ilzpbtk~p pzki`mid ea{hp~ "emd~) 10 ai` 1;-)

Emd{zk 10) ^pz{np{zk le pbk plv le pbk Vzknagjzmai minh{`mid ea{hp~

gavvk` j} pbk Pzkipli'Jhanc Zmukz Zk~kaznb Nli~lzpm{g ":665-


18/22



Emd{zk 1;) ^pz{np{zk le pbk ja~k le pbk @kulimai ~bahk minh{`mid ea{hp~

gavvk` j} pbk Pzkipli'Jhanc Zmukz Zk~kaznb Nli~lzpm{g ":665-

Zkekzkink~

Kazpbâp( 1==4( Zkglpk ~ki~mid ai` ezanp{zk aiah}~m~ elz vkpzlhk{g krvhlzapmli le

Lz`lumnmai pl @kulimai ezanp{zk~ zk~kzulmz~ mi Ikt ]lzc ^papk? Ikt ]lzc ^papk Kikzd}

Zk~kaznb ai` @kukhlvgkip A{pblzmp}( Ahjai}( I]( >; vv)

M~anb~ki( ]) T) ai` GnCki`zkk( T)( 1=44( Vzkhmgmiaz} jzmpphk ~pz{np{zk~ gav le Ikt

]lzc( 1?:;6(666 ai` 1?;66(666 ai` dkikzahmk` gav le zknlz`kòlmip ~}~pkg~ miIkt]lzc( 1?1(666(666? Ikt ]lzc ^papk G{~k{g ai` ^nmkink ^kzumnk Gav ai` Nbazp ^kzmk~

Il) >1)

Oanljm( Z)( :66:( Ja~kgkip ea{hp~ ai` ~km~gmnmp} mi pbk Avvahanbmai Ja~mi le Ikt ]lzc^papk? Pknplilvb}~mn~ >;> ":66:- 4;11>)

Oanljm( Z) @) ai` El{ipami( O) N( :66:( Pbk nbazanpkz ai` zkanpmuapmli bm~plz} le pbk le

pbk ~l{pbkzi krpki~mli le pbk ~km~gmnahh} anpmuk Nhazki`li'Hmi`ki Ea{hp ^}~pkg( tk~pkziIkt ]lzc ^papk( miIklpknplimn~ ai` ^km~gmnmp} mi pbk Ka~pkzi Dzkap Hack~ Ja~mi( Z) B)Eac{i`mi}( Z) @) Oanljm( ai` N) E) G) Hktm~ "k`~)-? Pknplilvb}~mn~( u) >;>( v):1;':5:)

Oanlj}N) B) ai` @khhtmd( H) E)( 1=40( Avvahanbmai elzkhai` pbz{~pmid mi âhmia ~ahp(

Tapcmi~ Dhki(Ikt ]lzc? Mi Nlldai( A) B) "k`-( El{zpb ^}gvl~m{g li ~ahp?Ilzpbkzi

Lbml Dklhldmnah ^lnmkp}(v ::4'::>)


19/22


Vadk 1= le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

G{zvb}( V)O)( 1=21( @kpanbgkip ~pz{np{zk~ mi ~l{pb'nkipzah I]?Ilzpbka~pkzi Dklhld}(

1=21( u) >( il) :( v) 16;'11;)

Vazckz( O)G)( 1=0:( Zkdmliah ~}~pkgapmn olmipmid mi ~hmdbph} `kelzgk` ~k`mgkipaz} zlnc~?

Dklhldmnah ^lnmkp} le Agkzmna J{hhkpmi( il) ;>( v >21'062)

Vlbi( B) A)( :666( Hapkzah zagv~ mi pbk elh`k` Avvahanbmai~ ai` mi lukzpbz{~p jkhp~

tlzh`tm`k ' A e{iàgkipah khkgkip le pbz{~p'jkhp aznbmpknp{zk? [)^) Dklhldmnah ^{zuk}

J{hhkpmi3 :15>( 5> v)

Za~g{~~ki( O) N)( Ckmpb( ^) J)( ^tai( G) G)( ^tai( Ha{r( @) V)( ai` Navzaza( O)( :66>(

^pzmck'~hmv ea{hpmid ai` zk~kzulmz `kukhlvgkip mi Ikt ]lzc ^papk? I]^KZ@A Zkvlzp

:66:'5=20( 124 v)bppv?,,k~ldm~)i}~g)i}~k`)dlu,k~ldm~àpa,`ltihla`~,I]^KZ@A,5=20,n`+:6emiah+:6zkv

lzp,5=20)vè

^gmpb( D)O)( Oanljm( Z)@)( kkukz( O)H)( ai` Hlktki~pkmi( ^p{( :66=( Pbk Mieh{kink le

Ja~kgkip ^pz{np{zk~ ezlg @kulimai Jhanc ^bahk Pbmncik~~k~ mi pbk Ilzpbkzi

Avvahanbmai Elzkhai` Ja~mi? ezlg vl~pkz vzk~kipapmli ap AAVD Aii{ah Nliukipmli ai`Krbmjmpmli( @kiukz( Nlhlza`l( [Â( O{ik 4'16( :66=)

^plik % Tkj~pkz( 1=42a( Zkdmliah dklhld} le pbk âhmia Ja~mi? Pbk Leemnk le I{nhkazTa~pk M~lhapmli( Jappkhhk Gkglzmah Mi~pmp{pk( Vzloknp Gaiadkgkip @mu)( [)^) @kvp) le

Kikzd}( Zkvlzp il) LITM,^[J'K;1:'66566,1( u) M)

^plik % Tkj~pkz( 1=42j( Zkdmliah dklhld} le pbk âhmia Ja~mi? Pbk Leemnk le I{nhkazTa~pk M~lhapmli( Jappkhhk Gkglzmah Mi~pmp{pk( Vzloknp Gaiadkgkip @mu)( [)^) @kvp) le

Kikzd}( Zkvlzp Il) LITM,^[J'K;1:'66566,1( u) MM)

Pzkipli'Jhanc Zmukz Zk~kaznb Nli~lzpm{g( :665( A dklhldmn vha} jllc elz Pzkipli'Jhanc Zmukz Avvahanbmai Ja~mi Krvhlzapmli? [) ^) @kvp) le Kikzd} Emiah Zkvlzp Ataz`

Il) @K'EN:5'6>IP0125;( ;0> v)

bppv?,,ttt)tud~)tuikp)k`{,ttt,pjz,vzloknp\zkvlzp~)a~v

Ikt ]lzc Nmp} Aq{k`{np

Pbk Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk'da~ vha} mi ~l{pbtk~pkzi @khatazk Nl{ip} m~ pzaukz~k` j} pbk Tk~p

@khatazk Aq{k`{np( ai mgvlzpaip ~{j~{zeank nliiknpmli le pbk Ikt ]lzc Nmp} Tk~p'le'B{`~li tapkz'~{vvh} ~}~pkg "emd) 15-) Pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^ vzlvl~k~ a j{eekz lik elz

Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk'da~ tkhh~ le 1(666 ep azl{i` Ikt ]lzc tapkz'~{vvh} mieza~pz{np{zk

minh{`mid aq{k`{np p{iikh~) Ezanp{zk lik~ mi pbk jk`zlnc ga} vlpkipmahh} vzlum`kvapbta}~ elz pbk gmdzapmli le vzk~~{zmk` eh{m`~ lukz ~mdimemnaip `m~paink~)
http://esogis.nysm.nysed.gov/esogisdata/downloads/NYSERDA/6984/cd%20final%20report/6984.pdfhttp://esogis.nysm.nysed.gov/esogisdata/downloads/NYSERDA/6984/cd%20final%20report/6984.pdfhttp://esogis.nysm.nysed.gov/esogisdata/downloads/NYSERDA/6984/cd%20final%20report/6984.pdfhttp://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/tbr/project_reports.asphttp://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/tbr/project_reports.asphttp://esogis.nysm.nysed.gov/esogisdata/downloads/NYSERDA/6984/cd%20final%20report/6984.pdfhttp://esogis.nysm.nysed.gov/esogisdata/downloads/NYSERDA/6984/cd%20final%20report/6984.pdfhttp://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/www/tbr/project_reports.asp


20/22


Vadk :6 le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Hmikagkip~ lj~kzuk` li zkglpk ~ki~mid àpa bauk jkki el{i` pl jk nlminm`kip tmpb

lik~ le ezanp{zk nlinkipzapmli "Oanljm( :66:-) Mi pbk mipkzjk``k` ~bahk ai` ~ai`~plik

jk`zlnc lukzh}mid pbk Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk'da~ vha}( pbk ezanp{zk ezkq{kin} tmpbmi pbk~k lik~p}vmnahh} m~ ai lz`kz le gadimp{`k dzkapkz pbai pbap mi pbk ~{zzl{i`mid azka) ^lgk le pbk

lik~ le ezanp{zk nlinkipzapmli bauk jkki a~~lnmapk` tmpb ikazj} ea{hp~ a~ miekzzk` ezlg

l{pnzlv~( tkhh hld~( ai`"lz- ~km~gmn zkehknpmli àpa( ai` ~lgk lik~ bauk jkki a~~lnmapk`tmpb gkpbaik da~ ailgahmk~ mi pbk ~lmh "Oanljm( :66:-) M~anb~ki ai` GnCki`zkk "1=44-

v{jhm~bk` a vzkhmgmiaz} jzmpphk'~pz{np{zk gav elz Ikt ]lzc ^papk pbap minh{`k`

hmikagkip~a~tkhha~ea{hp~)Aglzkkrpki~mukgavvmidlehmikagkip~miIkt]lzc~

Avvahanbmai ja~mi ta~ nlgvhkpk` j} Kazpbâp "1==4- elz pbk Ikt ]lzc Kikzd} Zk~kaznbai` @kukhlvgkip A{pblzmp})

Emd{zk 15) Ikt ]lzc Nmp} Tk~p'le'B{`~li tapkz'~{vvh} tapkz~bk`( zk~kzulmz~( ai`

aq{k`{np~3 Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk l{pnzlv3 vzlvl~k` Gaznkhh{~ tkhh va`~3 ai` hmikagkip~

gavvk` j} M~anb~ki ai` GnCki`zkk "1=44- ai` Kazpbâp "1==4-

Pbk vl~~mjmhmp} le àgadk pl pbk aq{k`{np ezlg b}`za{hmn'ezanp{zmid lvkzapmli~ m~ aim~~{k le nlinkzi dmuki pbk vzlvl~k` mieza~pz{np{zk j{eekz lik) A~~k~~gkip le pbk ~vapmahzkhapmli le vzlvl~k` Gaznkhh{~ tkhh~ tmpb hmikagkip ekap{zk~ pbap n{p anzl~~ pbk vapb le

Tk~p @khatazk Aq{k`{np tl{h` vzlum`k mgvlzpaip mielzgapmli elz pbk vzlpknpmli le pbk

Ikt ]lzc Nmp} Tk~p'le'B{`~li tapkz'~{vvh} mieza~pz{np{zk)


21/22


Vadk :1 le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Zkekzkink~

Kazpbâp( 1==4( Zkglpk ~ki~mid ai` ezanp{zk aiah}~m~ elz vkpzlhk{g krvhlzapmli leLz`lumnmai pl @kulimai ezanp{zk~ zk~kzulmz~ mi Ikt ]lzc ^papk? Ikt ]lzc ^papk Kikzd}

Zk~kaznb ai` @kukhlvgkip A{pblzmp}( Ahjai}( I]( >; vv)

M~anb~ki( ])T)( GnCki`zkk( T)( 1=44( Vzkhmgmiaz} jzmpphk ~pz{np{zk gav le Ikt ]lzc(

1?:;6(666 ai` 1?;66(666 ai` dkikzahmk` gav le zknlz`k` olmip ~}~pkg~ mi Ikt ]lzc( 1?

1(666(666? Ikt ]lzc ^papk G{~k{g ai` ^nmkink ^kzumnk Gav ai` Nbazp ^kzmk~ Il) >1)

Oanljm( Z)@)( :66:( Ja~kgkip ea{hp~ ai` ~km~gmnmp} mi pbk Avvahanbmai Ja~mi le Ikt

]lzc ^papk? Pknplilvb}~mn~( u) >;>( M~~{k~ 1'0( :> A{d{~p :66:( v) 4;'11>)

Tkhh tapkz'q{ahmp} ~agvhmid ai` àpa ja~k

Pbk tapkz'q{ahmp} àpa nlhhknpk` j} pbk da~ mi`{~pz} ai` lpbkz~ `{zmid ~bahk'da~`kukhlvgkip tl{h` vzlum`k ai mgvlzpaip àpaja~k elz {i`kz~pai`mid ai` vzlpknpmid pbk

^papk~dzl{i`tapkzai`~{zeank'tapkz zk~l{znk~ me ga`k auamhajhk pl dlukzigkip

adkinmk~( ana`kgma( ai` lpbkz mipkzk~pk` vazpmk~) Pbk zkum~k` `^DKM^ `lk~ ilp vzlvl~k agknbaim~g elz khknpzlimnahh} ~plzmid ai` ~bazmid pbk vlpkipmahh} hazdk agl{ip le tapkz'

q{ahmp} àpa nlhhknpk` {zmid ~bahk'da~ `kukhlvgkip) ^{jgmppah le `lgk~pmn'tkhh tapkz'

q{ahmp} ~agvhmid zk~{hp~ mi khknpzlimn àpa ja~k elzgap tl{h` ahhlt ~bazmid le pbap àpaelz ~nmkipmemn v{zvl~k~) âekd{az`~ nl{h` jk packi pl vzlpknp vkz~liah mielzgapmli) Ai

kragvhk le {pmhmp} le pbk~k àpa mi {i`kz~pai`mid agjmkip dzl{i`tapkz q{ahmp} elz

nli~pmp{kip~ le nlinkzi ~{nb a~ gkpbaik "emd) 14- ta~ `kgli~pzapk` j} Glhle~c} ai`

lpbkz~ ":611-)

Emd{zk 14) Zk~{hp~ le vzk'`zmhh ~{zuk} j} da~ mi`{~pz} elz gkpbaik mi tapkz tkhh~(

^{~q{kbaiia Nl{ip}( Vkii~}huaima "Glhle~c} ai` lpbkz~( :611-


22/22


Vadk :: le :: Nlipanp? Olbi Tmhhmag~obtmhhmaF{~d~)dlu

Pl mgvzluk pbk nli~m~pkin}( nlgvazajmhmp}( ai` {pmhmp} le pbk dzl{i`tapkz'q{ahmp} `apa(

pbk elhhltmid m~ ~{ddk~pk`?1) Pbk emiah hm~p le tapkz'q{ahmp} vazagkpkz~ ~bl{h` jk a zkq{mzk` hm~p zapbkz pbai a

~{ddk~pk` hm~p)

:)

Me pbk mi`{~pz} pk~p~ elz lpbkz tapkz'q{ahmp} vazagkpkz~( pbk} ~bl{h` vzlum`k pbl~kzk~{hp~ ah~l( j{p ilp mi hmk{ le pbk zkq{mzk` hm~p le vazagkpkz~)

>) Pbk aiah}~m~ gkpbl` elz kanb vazagkpkz g{~p jk ~vknmemk` a~ pl ai KVA hajvzlnk`{zk nl`k ai` p}vk "m)k)( `m~~lhuk` ai`SlzW plpah elz kanb vazagkpkz

aiah}k`-)0) Blh`mid pmgk~ elz pmgk'nzmpmnah vazagkpkz~ "m)k)( dzl~~ ahvba ai` jkpa- ~bl{h` jk

~vknmemk`( ai` pbk pmgk hmgmp ilp krnkk`k`) Me pbk hmgmp m~ krnkk`k`( ilpmemnapmli li

pbk hajlzaplz} zkvlzp ~bl{h` jk ga`k)

;) Emkh` gka~{zkgkip~ ~bl{h` ah~l jk kipkzk` ahlid tmpb pbk vazagkpkz nl`k~ ai`zk~{hp~)

5) Pbk zk~{hp~ le ahh aiah}~k~ "emkh` ai` haj- ahlid tmpb QA,QN zk~{hp~ ~bl{h` jkvzlum`k` pl pbk Ikt ]lzc ^papk @kvazpgkip le Kiumzligkipah Nli~kzuapmli"@mum~mli le Tapkz- ai` @kvazpgkip le Bkahpb mi khknpzlimn ~vzka`~bkkp elzgap

tmpb ahh vkzpmikip hlnapmli mielzgapmli minh{`mid DV^ hapmp{`k,hlidmp{`k

nllz`miapk~ "IA@2> `ap{g-)4) Pbk @mum~mli le Tapkz ~bl{h` a~~mdi a Nl{ip} tkhh i{gjkz pl ai} tkhh ilp

m`kipmemk` {i`kz pbk Ikt ]lzc ^papk Tapkz Tkhh @zmhhkz Zkdm~pzapmli Hat "`zmhhk`

vzk':666-)

Zkekzkink

Glhle~c}( H) Nliilz( O)( T}hmk( A)( ai` Tadikz( P( :611( Gkpbaik mi Vkii~}huaima

tapkz tkhh~ {izkhapk` pl Gaznkhh{~ ~bahk ezanp{zmid? Lmh ai` Da~ Ol{ziah

" bppv?,,ttt)ldo)nlg,1,ulh'16=,m~~{k'0=,krvhlzapmli'`kukhlvgkip,gkpbaik'mi'

vkii~}huaima'tapkz'e{hh)bpgh-)
http://www.ogj.com/1/vol-109/issue-49/exploration-development/methane-in-pennsylvania-water-full.htmlhttp://www.ogj.com/1/vol-109/issue-49/exploration-development/methane-in-pennsylvania-water-full.htmlhttp://www.ogj.com/1/vol-109/issue-49/exploration-development/methane-in-pennsylvania-water-full.htmlhttp://www.ogj.com/1/vol-109/issue-49/exploration-development/methane-in-pennsylvania-water-full.htmlhttp://www.ogj.com/1/vol-109/issue-49/exploration-development/methane-in-pennsylvania-water-full.html