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USER’S HANDBOOKSounding Rockets & Balloons

ESRANGE SPACE CENTER

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

History ........................................................................................ 5Mission 5

Range Layout and Boundaries ....................................................... 5RangeArea 5ImpactArea 5CentralComplex 6

Staying at Esrange ........................................................................ 6Accommodation 6Restaurant 6Recreation 6Conferencerooms 6

Environmental Conditions ................................................................ 6Climatology 6Rocketfacilities 6

Work areas and equipment ............................................................. 7Offices 7Payloadassembly 7RocketAssembly 7CentaureAssembly 7SkylarkAssembly 7Laboratories 7Workshops 8BlockhousePayloadControl 8

Rocket launchers ........................................................................ 8SkylarkLauncher 8MRLLauncher 8MAXUSLauncher 9MANLauncher 9SULO/VIPERLauncher 9FFARlauncher 9

Storage ......................................................................................... 9General 9Rocketmotors 9

Scientific centres ........................................................................ 10ObservationCentres 10ScientificCentre 10DownrangeStation 10SignalDisplayFacilities 10ScientificInstruments 10

Balloon Facilities ........................................................................ 10Overview 10

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Balloon preparation buildings ........................................................ 11The“Chapel”building 11The“Cathedral”building 11The“Basilica”building 11

Instrumentation ........................................................................ 11Telemetry 11P-bandTrackingEquipment 11L/S-bandTrackingEquipment 11DLRL/S-bandTrackingEquipment 12S/X-bandTrackingEquipment 12Receivers 12DataExtraction 12Videoswitching 12PCMDecommutation 12MagneticTapeRecording 12Telescience 12TVcentre 12OutputProducts 13DigitalMedia 13AnalogueTapes 13VideoTapes 13FrequencyPlan 13TrajectoryDetermination 13DLRC-bandRadar 13RangingSystem 13Communications 13IntercomSystem 13GO/NOGOSystem 13VideoMessageSystem 13ExternalCommunications 13TimingSystem 13TimeCodeSignals 13ReferenceFrequencies 14TelecommandSystemforSoundingRockets 14ESC-Antenna 14TelecommandSystemForBalloons 14ModulatingSignals 14

Flight Hardware for Balloons ....................................................... 14EsrangeBalloonServiceSystem(EBASS) 14E-Linkdatalink 14AirTrafficControlTransponder 14HomingBeacon 15PowerSupply 15

Specifications ................................................................................. 15P-bandTrackingEquipment 15L/S-bandTrackingEquipment 15DLRL/S-bandTrackingEquipment 15S/X-bandTrackingEquipment 15Receivers 15VideoCharacteristics 15

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DiversityCombiner,Microdyne3200-PC 15MicrodyneMod.700MR 15VideoCharacteristics 16DiversityCombiner,Microdyne1620-PC 16MicrodyneMod.700MRB 16VideoCharacteristics 16DiversityCombiner,Microdyne1620-PCB 16CortexRTRreceiverandcombiner 16VideoCharacteristicsCombinerandReceiver 16VideoCharacteristicsBitsynchronizer 16SSC-C1000 16Videocharacteristics 16PCMVideoSwitching 16PCMDecommutation 16FMDiscrimination 17SubcarrierDiscriminator,Astrodata404 17TunableDiscriminator,EMRModel229 17MagneticTapeRecording 17FrequencyPlan 17DLRC-bandRadar 18RangingSystem 18TimingSystem 18TelecommandSystem 18ESC-Antenna 18TelecommandSystem 18ModulatingSignals 18HomingBeacon 19Safety ........................................................................................ 20General 20Scheduling 20OperationalSupport 20RecoveryofRocketsandPayloads 20SafetyOrganization 20RestrictedAreas 20RocketLaunchingArea 20BalloonLaunchingArea 21RadarStations 21OperationsCentreandScientificCentre 21RocketFlightSafety 21AcceptanceofNewRocketTypes 21NominalImpactPoint 21BalloonFlightSafety 21Explosives 21DangerousEquipment 21OperationalsupportforSoundingrocketandballoon 21ApprovaltoUsetheRange 22

Range User’s Requirements ........................................................ 22FLIGHTREQUIREMENTPLANFORMAT 23

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History

InMarch,1964,ESRO- theEuropeanSpaceRe-search Organisation - was founded by Belgium,Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Swit-zerland,Spain, theUnitedKingdom,SwedenandGermany.Theaimwastoestablishaco-ordinatedprogrammeforpeacefulspaceresearch,combinedwithadvancedresearchtechnologicaldevelopment,and to support European industry in the mem-bercountries.EsrangeSpaceCenterwasbuiltbyESROandinauguratedin1966.AgreatnumberofrocketprojectswereexecutedbetweenNovember1966 and June1972,mainly by ESRO.However,thememberstatesofESROalsocarriedoutrocketprojectsfromEsrangeonanationalbasis.

Since July 1, 1972, Esrange has been managedbytheSSC.Therocketandballoonactivitiesareco-ordinatedandfinancedbytheEsrangeAndøyaSpecialProject(EASP)withinESA(EuropeanSpaceAgency).ThememberstatesofESA/EASPareto-day(1999)France,Germany,Switzerland,NorwayandSweden.In1974Esrangecompletedalaunch-ing facility forscientificballoons.This facilityhasbeencontinuouslyupgradedtoenablelaunchingsof1,000,000m3balloons.Esrangeplays,since1978,an important role in various satellite projects. Anumberofgroundsegmentsforthesupportofna-tionalandinternationalspacecraftprogrammesarenowinoperation.

MissionThe assigned missions of Esrange, for soundingrocketsandballoonsare:-Supportofthesoundingrocketandballoonpro-grammesofthememberstatesofESA/EASP.Non-memberscanusethefacilitiesonasecondprioritybasis.-Operationofgroundbasedscientificinstrumenta-tion.

Range Layout and Boundaries

Esrange is located innorthernSwedenabovetheArcticCircleat lat.67°53’N, long21°04’E.Thetown closest to the range is Sweden’s principalminingtownKiruna(approximately25,000inhab-itants),which isabouthalfanhourawaybycar.AccesstoKirunaisverygoodwithseveraldailyjetflightconnectionswithStockholm.

An extensive network of ground based scientificinstrumentationhasbeenestablished innorthernScandinavia.Someofthemainfacilitiesarelocat-ed in thevicinityofEsrange.One is theSwedishInstituteofSpacePhysics(IRF)whereparticularlyphenomenaintheatmosphereandmagnetospherearestudied.AnotherimportantinstallationisEuro-peanIncoherentScatterFacility(EISCAT)compris-ingasystemofstationsatTromsö(Norway),Kiru-na (Sweden) and Sodankylä (Finland). In AbiskonorthofKirunaisaclimateresearchcentre,whichprovidespossibilitiesforscientificresearchinarctic

regionsandlocationofgroundbasedinstrumenta-tion.ArenaArcticaisaverylargehangaratKirunaAir-port.Themainpurposeofthehangaristosupportscientificmeasurementsbyaircraft.

Range AreaTheEsrangepremisesarelocatedinanareaof20km2about40kmeastofKiruna.TheMainBuild-ingareaislocatedintheVittangirivervalleyandcomprisestheMainBuilding,theTelecombuilding,HotelAuroraandgarages.Closetothemainbuild-ingareaistheareaforballoonlaunchingsincludingthreebuildingsforoperationscontrolandpayloadpreparation.

Furthereastisthelaunchingareaforrockets,whichincludesablockhouse,rocketandpayloadprepara-tionhalls,chemical laboratoriesandlaunchpads.ThesatellitereceivingstationandaGPSreferencestationaresituatedontopofahill2kmsouthwestoftheMainBuilding.Agroundobservationstation,KEOPS(KirunaEsrangeOpticalPlatformSystem),is located on another hilltop about 1 km furtherwest.

Impact AreaTherocketimpactareaislocatednorthofEsrangeintheSwedishtundraregion.Thisareaisdividedinto three zones, A, B, and C, with a total areaof5,600km2.ZoneA,theimpactareaforboost-ers,canbeextendedwhenrocketswithlong-rangeboostersarelaunched.ZonesBandCareimpactareasforsecondandthirdstagesaswellaspay-

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loads.ZoneCisnotallowedforuseduringthepe-riodMay1 - September 15. The nominal impactpointnormallychosen issituated75kmnorthofthelaunchpads.Theimpactareaforballoonscov-ersthenorthernpartsofSweden,Norway,Finland,Russia,CanadaandAlaska.

Central ComplexTheMainBuildingwaserectedin1964-65.Ithasfourstoreyswithatotalfloorareaof3,930m2.ThegroundfloorhousesofficesforEsrangeadministra-tionandtechnicalfacilities,afrontdesk,aswitch-board,acanteen,twoconferenceroomsfor15and30personsandalounge.

Thefirstfloorhasofficesforoperationalstaff,theoperationscentreforsoundingrocketsandroomsfor timing, telemetry and scientific instruments(ScientificCentre).Inanannexonthesamefloorthereareoffices.Thetopfloor(secondfloor)hasa large conference room for about 70 persons,andoffices.TheMainBuildingareaalsoincludesawarehousewithatotalareaof490m2,warmandcoldgaragesforcarsandaccommodation,aHotelwith59singleroomsand20doublerooms,sauna,trainingfacilitiesandkitchens.

Staying at Esrange

ThecentralcomplexincludesallfacilitiesthatarenecessaryforapleasantstayatEsrange.

AccommodationHotelroomsarelocatedclosetotheMainBuildingwhere most people meet. Users and visitors arekindlyrequestedtoinformEsrangewellinadvanceabouttheirpreferencesregardingaccommodation.

RestaurantThe restaurant has good quality and service. Itis open during normal working hours and duringthelaunchingoperations.Inadditiontobreakfast,lunchand-duringcampaignsoruponspecialre-quests-dinner,ourrestaurantoffersvariouskinds

of beverages, including beer, wine and liquors.Specialrequirementsregardingtheopeninghours,specialdishes,etc,cannormallybefulfilled.

RecreationWithinEsrange,therearemanypossibilitiesofmak-

ingyourleisuretimeverypleasant.Forinstance,youcanwatchsatelliteTV,playbilliards,tableten-nisordarts,andhaveasaunabath.Foroutdooractivitieslikehiking,fishing,orcross-countryski-ing,allnecessaryequipmentcanbeborrowedfromEsrange.Duringwinter,a3.5kmspeciallypreparedcross-countryskitrackisavailable.

Conference roomsTherearefourconferenceroomsinthemainbuild-ingandtwointhehotel.Theyareallequippedwithdata video projection and one of the conferenceroomshasworld-widevideoconferencing.Theconferenceroomsholdseatsfrom12upto70persons.

Environmental Conditions

ClimatologyEsrangehasatypicalcontinentalclimatewithcoldwintersandrelativelywarmsummers.Theprecipi-tationandhumidityarerelativelylowallyear.SnowbeginstofallbylateSeptember,andnormallybymid-Octobertheground iscoveredandthe lakesarefrozen.The24houraveragetemperaturefallsbelow0°CinearlyOctoberandstaysbelowuntilthebeginningofMay.Duringthecoldestmonths,December, January and February, the averagetemperature is normally around -15°C. However,alowof-48°Chasbeenrecorded.Duringwinterthetemperatureattheradarhillisgenerally10°Chigherthaninthevalley.

BytheendofMaythesnowandicedisappear.Sum-mertemperaturesareinthe10°to18°Crange,risingoccasionallyto30°C.Mosquitoesarepreva-lentthroughoutthesummerandtheuseofrepel-lents is advisable. From a medical point of viewthearcticmosquitoesareharmlessastheydonotspreadanydiseases.

Thenumberofcleardaysvariesduring theyear.Theprobability of a clear skyor very few cloudsishighest(about50%)inJanuarythroughMarchandlowestinSeptemberthroughNovember(about20%).FogcanoccurintheVittangivalleybeforetheriverfreezesinOctober-November,otherwisefogisrarelyseen.MoredetailedweatherstatisticsareavailableatEsrange.

Rocket facilitiesTherocketfacilitiesarelocatedinanarea1000meastof theMainBuilding.All operations thatarerequiredfromstoragetopreparation,assembly,in-tegration,testingandlaunchofrocketswithcom-plicatedpayloadsareperformedinthisarea.Duetolaunchoperationsorotherhazardousoperationstheroadtotheareacanbeclosed,andonlyalim-itednumberofpersonnelareallowedtoworkthereduring these operations. From November 1966more than500rocketshavebeen launched fromEsrange.

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Work areas and equipment

OfficesThreeofficesinthelaboratoryannexareavailableto the users. They are situated in close connec-tiontothepayloadassemblyhall.Threemoreof-fices are available in themain entrance corridor.Eachofficeisequippedwithstandardfurniture,tel-ephoneandInternetaccess.Thereisalsoasmallcommonspaceandlavatoriesinbothareas.Nearthemainentrancethereisawell-equippedkitchenandaTV/Conferenceroomforconvenience.

Payload assemblyThishallhasafloorareaof10.5mby20mandaheightof3.9m,exceptforthecentralportion,whichhasahigherceilingtoallowverticalassem-blylongpayloads.Asinglerailelectricgantrycraneis installedforpayloadhandling.Ifrequired,theareacanbedividedintosectionsbymeansofmov-ablescreen-walls.Theareaisequippedwithwork-benches somewith electric power outlets. Singlephase and three phase power and also two coldwatersuppliesareavailable.Themainaccessdoortothehallis4.08mhighand3.81mwide.

Electricpower:230V,50Hzsinglephase110V,50Hzsinglephase,15KVA400Vand200V,50Hzthreephase

Gantrycrane:Max.load:1000kgHoistspeeds:100mm/secand10mm/sec.Max.heighttothehook:7m.

Rocket AssemblyThere are two motor assembly halls, referred toas “Centaure Assembly” and “Skylark Assembly”respectively,inaccordancewiththemotorswhichwere originally assembled therein. They can be,andare,ofcourse,usedforothermotors.

Centaure AssemblyThe hall is now mainly used as heated store forEsrangeandcustomersequipment.Thishallhasatotalfloorareaof32.4mby10mandaheightof4.4m.Anelectricallyoperatedgantrycranecanbeusedover theentirefloorarea.The temperatureiscontrolledandrecordingispossible,recordsareonlykeptwhenmotorsareinthehalls.Theaccessdooris3.98mhighand3.00mwide.

Gantrycrane:Max.load:2000kgHoistspeeds:100mm/secand10mm/secMax.heighttothehook:2.9m.

Skylark AssemblyThishallhasatotalfloorareaof36.0mby10.5mandaheightof4.5m.Temperaturecontrolandre-cordingarethesameasthoseoftheCentaureAs-semblyhall.Anelectricallyoperatedgantrycranecanbeusedover theentirefloorarea. Intercom

andtelephoneareavailable.Twosurfacetablesoftheaccuracy±30microns,each2mby1.5m,levelwithrespecttoeachotherare installed. The distance between the tables is3m.Theaccessdooris4.05mhighand4.52mwide.

Gantrycrane:Max.load:2000kgHoistspeeds:100mm/secand10mm/secMax.heighttothehook:3.95m

Laboratories Apartfromstandardtoolsandinstruments,avari-etyofequipmentforlaboratorywork,isavailableforuse.Fourlaboratoriesareavailableforadvancedchemi-calwork.Theyareallequippedwithgas,warmandcoldwater,fumehoods,laminarairflowcupboards-horizontalorvertical-,refrigerators,deepfreezes,andlockablecupboardstostorepoisonousmateri-als.Onechemicallaboratoryisequippedwithgas,warmandcoldwater,andafumehood.Oneelec-troniclaboratoryisreservedforthelaunchcrew.

Equipment:• ahigh-temperature3litreoven.Thermo statcontrolledupto1,200°±1°C• avacuummedium-temperature130litreoven1mbarthermostatcontrolledup to250°C.(LeyboldHeraeusVT5050EK)• anoil-diffusionpump,10-6mbar(Edwards diffstakCR100/300M)• aturbomolecularpump,10-6mbar(BalzerTSU170)• anultrasoniccleaner,5.5litre(Bransonic 32)• Containersforliquidnitrogen• Containersforliquidhelium• aweighing-scale0-1,200gcapacity,0.1 mgreadability.(Satorius1206MP)• astereo-zoommicroscope.Magnifiction x30tox210.Reflectedlightandcam eraadapterwith35mmContaxcamera (F:1.7),Bausch&LombStereoZoom7)• MicroscopeNikon,Diophot+accessories• MicroscopeNikon,SMZ-2B,2pcs• MicroscopeNikon,SMZ-2T• Schottcoldlightsource,KL1500,3pcs• CentrifugeHettichUniversalK2S+acces sories• DeepfreezesColora,UF85-110T• AutoclaveDenleyBA852• MagneticStirrerNuovaII,SP18420-26• VortexmixerEckli600• DistillationapparatusSchott2481100• WaterdemineralisationSeradest S750/5200• TransportboxVebaelectronics,#37837°C• TransportboxVebaelectronics,#37937°C• TransportboxVebaelectronics,#8334- 22°C• TransportboxVebaelectronics,#8324- 22°C

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• TransportboxVebaelectronics,#828• Accucharger• Accu12V/65AH,2pcs• Nikon801+AFNikon50mm• Cleanerforlaboratoryglassware,MieleG 7733automatic• CO¨-incubator,HeraeusB5061EK-CO¨• Conductometer,Knicktype600• Electronicprecisionbalance,range3,000 g,readability0.01g,PAGOerlicon,Precisa 3000C• Microscopeillumination,VolpitypeIntralux 5000• Incubator,MemmerttypeBE60• Largeshaker,GFLtype3020• Magneticstirrer,IKA-WerktypeIkamag RCT• pH-meter,Knicktype646• Pipettingguide,TechnomaratypePipetboy• Reagentglassshaker,HeidolphtypeReax 2000• Shakingwaterbath,JulabotypeSW-20C• Steamsterilizer,Heussu.Partner,type Varioklar400E• Refrigeratedcentrifuge,Heraeus,typeOm nifuge2.0RS• Refrigeratedcentrifuge,Sigma,typeSigma 3K-1• Ultracentrifuge,KontronInstruments,type TGA55• Waterbath,GFLtype1013• Waterbath,MemmerttypeWU600• Intralux5000coldlightsource

WorkshopsOnesmallmechanicalandoneelectronicworkshopareavailable.

Blockhouse Payload ControlToaccommodatethelargeamountofgroundcheckoutequipment,mainlyusedformicrogravitypay-loads, a dedicated blockhouse is available (124B). Its roofandwallsare reinforced to thesamestandardsasthemainblockhouse.Thefloorareais8.0mby7.5m.PayloadcablingfromtheMAXUSbuilding,theSKYLARKtowerandtheMRLlaunch-er terminates in this room.Thepowersupply in-cludes30KVA,230V,50Hzuninterruptiblepower(UPS).

Rocket launchers

Skylark LauncherTheSkylarktower isa30mlong3-rail launcher,permanentlyheated.During2005thelauncherwasupgradedtofitrock-etswithadiameterof22”(inch),liketheBrazilianVSB30rocket.

The temperature in the launcher building is con-trolledandthelauncherisconstructedsothattherocketiselevatedandpositionedinazimuthreadyfor launch, with the building closed. Just beforelaunch,theroofandblastdoorsareopened.Inthe

eventofaholdaftertheopeningofthebuildingitcanbeclosedandthetemperaturerapidlybroughtbacktothatdesired,toprotectthemotorandpay-load.

Thelauncherelevationandazimuthandthebuild-ingroofandblastdoorscanbecontrolledlocallyorremotelyfromtheblockhouse.Azimuthandeleva-tionangles,roofandblastdoorpositionsandtowertemperaturearemonitoredonthelaunchconsole.Poweroutlets(somecontrolledremotely)areavail-ableatthepayloadplatform.

Standardpayloadcablingconsistsof10screenedcables,eachcontaining41wires,each0.75mm2.16twistedindividuallyshieldedpairsareavailableaswellascoaxialcables,16cables75ohmand4cables 50 ohm. The cabling is terminated in theuser’sblockhouse.

MRL LauncherTheMRL7.5Klauncherisa11.3mlongsinglerailunderslungbeamlauncherstoredinaprotectivehouse with removable roof. For each countdowntheroofisremovedandthebeamiselevatedandturnedto its launchposition.Duringstand-byforlaunch, the vehicle is protected by means of astyrofoam tunnel andheatedby oil burners. Thelauncherisremotelycontrolledandmonitoredfromthelaunchconsoleintheblockhouse.

Maximum vehicle elevation moment is 22,800kpm.Standardpayloadcablingis8cableseachwith40

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wires0.75mm2area,resistance4ohm,3cableseachwith8twistedpairsand4coaxialcables,50ohm.ThecablingisterminatedintheUser’sblock-house.

Thefollowingtypesofrocketshavebeenlaunchedfromthislauncher:Orion,Nike-Orion,Taurus-Orion,Nike-BlackBrantV,Terrier-BlackBrantV.

MAXUS LauncherThis complex was originally built for the ARIESsoundingrocket.In1990itwasrebuilttofacilitatelaunchesoftheCASTOR4B.

The launcher itself is a very simple launch stoolsupport with retractable locking devices that se-curethemotorinwindyconditions.Thevehicleisprotectedbyamovablehouse,30mhighandwithafloorareaof8mby10m.

Thebuildingisheated,andthetemperatureiscon-trolledtoatemperatureof±2°C.Thetemperaturegradient between top and bottom of the vehicleislessthan1.5°C.Anelectricallyoperatedgantrycranecanbeusedovertheentirefloorarea.

Themaximumlengthofvehicle thatcanbehan-dled is17m.Threeworkplatformsatheightsof11.4m,14.0mand16.6mabove thefloor areaccessiblebymeansofanelevator.Umbilical’sareconnected through a 15mhigh towerwith plat-formsforgroundsupportequipment.

Remotelyoperatedpoweroutletsareavailableontheseplatforms.Shortlybefore launch thehouseisrolled30mawayfromthelaunchpadandtherocketlockingdevicesareretractedbyremotecon-trolfromtheblockhouse.

Gantrycrane:Max.load:15000kgHoistspeeds:83mm/secand5mm/secMax.heighttothehook:19.4m.Elevator: Max.load:300kg4persons.

Payload cables terminate at the platform levelsand consist of 13 screened cables each with 40wires,0.5mm2area,andalso21coaxialcables,50 ohm. The cabling is terminated in the User’sblockhouse.

MAN LauncherTheMAN launcher is the property ofDLR, but isavailabletousersuponrequest.Maximumvehicleelevationmomentis30,000kpm.

The launcher can be used both over- and underslung with rail lengths of 11700mm and 10700mm respectively. The launch pad is situated be-tweentheMAXUSandtheMRLlaunchers.

SULO/VIPER LauncherTherearetwosmallerlaunchersbetweenMRLandSkylarkTowerforSuperLokiand/orVIPERrockets.Alloperationsasloading,unloading,elevationandazimuthareperformedmanually.The launchop-erationisdonefromBlockhouseLauncherControlbothfromsamelaunchdesk.

FFAR launcherTheFFARlauncheriscloseontheeastsideofMRLlauncher and it is used for launching the FoldingFinAircraftRockets.TheFFARrocketsareusedfortrainingofpersonneloperatingtheRadarStation.

Storage

General A cold storage,10mby16m, is situated50msouthofthepayloadassemblyhallmainentrance.Itisusedforlongtermstorageoflaunchsupportequipment,andtemporarystorageofuser’sequip-ment.AlsotheCentaureHallcanbeusedasheatedstorage.

Rocket motorsBuildingsfortemporarystorageofrocketmotors,from time of arrival until preparations for launchbegin, are available. Electrically operated gantrycranescanreachtheentirefloorarea.Temperaturecontrolequipmentisinstalled,temperaturesettingnormallybeing+18°C±4°C.

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MotorsuptothesizeofCastor4Bcanbeaccom-modated.

Scientific centres

Observation CentresWithintheimpactareatherearetwomajorobser-vationsites.Thesearelocatedclosetothelaunch-ing area, under the predicted apogee and at thenominal impactpoint.Both sites aredesigned toaccommodate personnel and equipment for longobservationperiods.Communicationismaintainedbymeansofmobiletelephones.

Scientific CentreThe Scientific Centre in the Main Building is thecentre for the scientific observations. Data fromthescientific instrumentsaredisplayed toenablethescientiststosurveythescientificsituation.

A heated observation dome permits comfortableobservationofthesky.Theroombelowthedomecanbeclosedtoeliminatealldisturbinglightdur-ingnightobservations.UserscaninstalltheirowninstrumentsonspecialplatformsanddatacanberoutedtotheScientificCentrebymeansofaper-manent cable network. Telemetry data from thepayloadarealsodisplayedintheScientificCentre.Altogether,thesefacilitiesarevitaltosupportcriti-callaunchdecisions.

Downrange StationThe downrange station is located below the pre-dictedapogee,approximately25kmnorthofthelauncharea.Therearenoroadstothestation,soequipmentandpersonnelmustbetransportedbyair.Thewell-equippedbuildingcanaccommodatesix persons. In the building, there are areas forequipment and storageand there is also a smallworkshop.Electricityisgeneratedonsitebydiesel-drivenmotorgenerators.

Signal Display Facilities AllmeasureddataareconcentratedtotheScien-tificCentre.Theuserisallocatedadisplayconsolewhereexperimentdataandotherdatacanbeac-cessed.Thedisplayconsole consistsof intercom,word selector/display, chart recorder, serial datadistributor,andpoweroutlets.Fiveunitsareavail-able.Specialequipmentbroughtby theuser canbeinstalled.

Scientific InstrumentsGroundbasedinstrumentsofmanytypesareusedtosupportsoundingrocketandballoonborneex-periments.TheresultsaredisplayedintheScien-tificCentreforimmediateaccessbytheuser.

TwoothermajorscientificfacilitiesarelocatednearEsrange.TheSwedishInstituteofSpacePhysicsisacentreformagnetosphericstudies.EISCAT(Eu-ropean IncoherentScatter Facility) is another in-ternationalassociationwithheadquartersandareceivingstationinKirunaforionosphericstudies.

Together, these scientific institutions can offeruniqueopportunitiesforco-ordinatedstudies.

Balloon Facilities

Overview Untilnow,about500scientificballoonshavebeenlaunchedfromEsrange,thelargestballoonwithavolume of 1 120 000 m3, the heaviest payloadbeing2000kg.Theballoonlaunchareaissituat-edabout300msouthoftheMainBuilding.Threebuildingsforpreparation,assembly,integrationandtestarelocatedatthenorthedgeofthefield.Thereis one heated 300m2 storage area. Balloons arelaunchedbydynamicorauxiliaryballoontechnique.

Normally, balloon payloads are commanded tolandonNordicorRussian territory.Balloons thatarelaunchedinthe“turnaroundperiod”canstayafloat for several days in thevicinityofEsrange.Recovery of the balloon payloads by helicop-ter is standard procedure. Esrange Instrumenta-tion can supply ATC radar transponders manda-toryforballoonflights,homingbeacons,andalsoa complete telemetry and telecommand systemfor balloon piloting and science data transfers.

Theentirelaunchfieldiscoveredwithfinegravel.100msouthoftheChapelbuildingacavityislo-cated, containing electrical power, ground cable,“Public address” loudspeakers, and a telephoneline.

Asanimprovementamajorextensionoftheentirelaunch field was done during the summer 2004.Today the total launch pad area is 250 000 m2.Thelaunchfield isdesignedto launchballoonsindifferentdirections,dividedintosixrunways.ThedirectionsareN,S,NW,NE,EandSE.

Sincethestart inspring2005, longdurationbal-loonflightsinwesterlystratosphericwindforland-ing in Northern Canada or Alaska territories hastakenpartalmosteveryyear.

Balloon pad at Esrange Space Center

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Balloon preparation buildings

The “Chapel” building Thisbuildingholds180m2offloorarea.Thebal-loon payload assembly hall occupies 100 m2. Tosupportpre-flightoperations,acraneof1000kgliftingcapabilityisrunningalongthetopoftheceiling,alsoallowingloadstobecarried2mout-sidetheentrancedoor.Oneroomisusedasaprep-aration roomforEBASS.One roomforE-Link10m2,Oneoffice12m2,isavailabletotheUser,bothwithtelephoneandInternetaccess.A30m2areaisusedasstorageforlaunchsupportequipment.

The Chapel building

The “Cathedral” buildingThisbuildingisbasicallydesignedforpayloadhan-dling.Thefloorareais375m2outofwhich296m2ispayloadpreparationarea.Thehall isequippedwith an overhead travelling crane, which has aliftingcapabilityof3200kg liftingtoamaximumheightof7m.Thefloorinthepayloadpreparationarea isheatedandequippedwithunderpressureairventstopreventdustaccumulation.Theportis6.95x4.75m.

The Cathedral building

Thenorthpartofthebuildingisatwofloorofficearea.Onthegroundfloorareathereisacombinedkitchenandoffice,andarestroom.Onthesecondfloor,therearefourUseroffices.AllareasareequippedwithInternetandtelephones.

The “Basilica” buildingThisbuilding isbasicallydesignedforpreparationofflighttrain.Thefloorareais323m2ofwhichAssemblyhallis308m2.Thehallisequippedwith

acrane,whichhasa liftingcapabilityof1000kgliftingtoamaximumheightof3.35m.

The southern part of the building is a two floorarea. TheOperation office is situated on the topfloor,includingtelephoneandInternetaccess.Onthe ground floor area there are two User officesalsoequippedwithInternetandtelephones.

The Basilica building

Instrumentation

Theinstrumentationsectionisresponsibleforop-erationandmaintenanceofthetelemetry,timing,communication, tracking and scientific functionswithinEsrange.Electronicflighthardwareforbal-loonsisalsoprovidedbythissection.

MostoftheequipmentandpersonnelarelocatedintheMainBuilding,exceptforthetrackingfunction,which is housed in a separate building.Activitiesduring a campaign are concentrated to the MainBuildingwheretheuserhaseasyaccesstoopera-torsandequipment.TelemetryThe telemetry station is veryflexible and canbeconfiguredfordifferentmissions.Severaltelemetrylinkscanbemaintainedsimultaneously.RFdown-linksinP,S,orL-bandcanbereceived.EquipmentfordemodulationandrecordingofPCM,FMandTVsignalsaresituated inthestation.Signaldecom-mutationandconditioning forquick lookarealsoperformed.Flightdataispresentedinrealtimeorpost-flight,usingseveraldifferentmediasandfor-mats.

P-band Tracking Equipment Thereareoneautotrackingandoneprogramtrack-ing system, with the antennas inside, radomeson the roof of the Main Building. A three-chan-nelmonopulsesystemisusedforaccuratetargettracking.ThereceivedRFsignalsareroutedtodatareceiversand/ordistributedtotheuser.

L/S-band Tracking Equipment AversatiletrackingsystemforSHFfrequenciesis

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locatedontheroofoftheMainBuilding.Anacqui-sition aid feed minimizes the risk of losing trackoffastmovingtargets.Fullcoverageofthehemi-sphereensuresuninterrupteddataacquisitionfromballoon-bornepayloads.Polarizationdiversitycom-bining improves the quality of tracking and datareception.ThereceivedLeftHandCircularandRightHandCiru-lar polarized RF signals are fed to the telemetrystationforfurtherdistributionanddemodulation.

DLR L/S-band Tracking Equipment

Upon special agreements,thereisapossibilitytousethe DLR telemetry stationthat is equipped with atrackingantennafortelem-etry data acquisition. Thestation can receive, de-modulate, process, recordand distribute the telem-etrydata.

S/X-band Tracking EquipmentUponrequestthereisapossibilitytousetheETXsatellite antenna for high altitude rocket flights.Theantennacanbecontrolledfromthetelemetrystation.RF/IFsignalsareroutedtothetelemetrystationoveropticallinks.

Receivers The receivers are flexibleandeasytoset-upforspe-cifictaskssimplybyalter-ingconfiguration.Preandpost-detectionpolarizationdiversitycombining isuti-

lizedwheneverpossible.Frequencydemodulatorsare standard, but various demodulators can beused for different demodulation requirements.Wide bandwidth TV-signals can be received anddemodulated. .

Data ExtractionCompositesignals,outputfromreceivers,arefur-therprocessedinFMorPCMequipment.Foursepa-ratePCMsignalsystemsareavailable.

Video switchingAllPCMvideosignalsaredistributedwithinthete-lemetry station over two 32×32 switching units,withfullfanswitchingcapability.Theswitchesareconfiguredforeachmissionbymeansofsoftware.Eachmissionset-upisstoredinthememoryoftheswitchinordertoenablefastchangeofthestationvideoset-up.

PCM Decommutation Highperformancebitsynchronizersareusedtore-generateanddecommutatePCMdata.Four inde-pendentsystemsareavailable.Theuserwillhaveaccess to buffered outputs including data, clocksandallnecessarycontrolsignals.

Magnetic Tape Recording AllvitalsignalsfrommeasurementarerecordedonmagnetictapeorHDDinrealtime.Timingsignals,localmultiplexandvoicecommunicationarealsoincludedforreferencepurposes.

Twoormorerecordersareusedsimultaneouslytoensurethatnodataarelost.Astandardconfigura-tionwith10DRand4FMtracksisusedformaxi-mumdatacapacityonthe1inchreelrecorder.Tapecopieswithotherconfigurationscanbeproduced.

DatacanalsoberecordedonS-VHSmediausingaconfigurableAvaloncassetterecorder,whichcanrecord1or3analogue signals simultaneouslyatdataratesupto8or2MHz.IRIG-Btimecodeisalsorecorded.There isalsoaHEIMHardDiscrecorderwhich iscapableofrecordingsignalsafterbitsynchronisa-tionatdataratesupto30Mbps.

TelescienceBesides manipulating onboard experiments dur-ingflightsfromEsrangeitisalsopossibletodosofromremotelaboratoriesallovertheworld.Data,TV-videosignalsandTele-commandscanbetrans-ferredbetweenEsrangeandremotesitesbyterres-trialtelecommunicationlinksorbroadbandsatellitelinkswhichenablesthereal-timetelescience.

TV centreThetwoTMstationsreceivethetransmittedTVsig-nals in twopolarizationsanddistribute thevideosignalstotheTVcentrelocatedintheMainBuild-ing.Anoperator chooses thebest signals for re-cordingandfurtherdistributiontotheBlockhouseand the Scientific Centre. S-VHS video recorders

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areusedforrecording.TheTVcentreisapropertyofMBB/ERNOinGer-manyandcanuponspecialagreement,beusedforTVselectionanddistributionduringmissions.

Output ProductsPostflightproductscanbegenerated.Theusercandefine several different types ofmedia and con-tents.

Digital Media Digitalproductsfromreceiveddatacanbegener-atedonmedialikeCD-ROM,DATorInternetFTP.

Analogue TapesTrackallocationandrecordingparameterscanbeadapted to User specification. Special recordingsmaybeproducedinrealtime.

Video TapesVideo tapes in PAL or NTSC format can be gen-eratedfromTV-videodataandalsosomegroundinstruments.Timinginformationcanbemixedintothepicture.Conversionfromoneformattoanotherisalsopossible.

Frequency Plan ThefrequencyplanforEsrangeisbasedonaper-mission issued by the Swedish authorities on ayearly basis. For all transmitters that are to beused, all technical data including frequency, out-put power and bandwidth must be submitted toEsrangeatleasttwomonthsbeforeexpectedstartofuse.

Trajectory DeterminationDifferentsystemsareusedtodeterminetrajecto-riesandpayloadimpactlocations.Anefficientre-coveryorganizationisreadilyavailable.

DLR C-band RadarLocated at Esrange isalsotheDLRRIR-774C.This system can, uponspecial agreement, beusedfortrackingofdif-ferent payloads. Thesystem is capable oftracking in skin andtranspondermode.

Ranging System Flighttrajectorycanalsobeprovidedbytheauto-trackingtelemetryantennas.TheslantrangetotherocketisdeterminedwithdopplermeasurementsonthereceivedPCMdata.AhighlystabilizedoscillatorisrequiredforthepayloadPCMencoder.Pointinganglesaregivenbytheantennacontrolsystems.Theseparameterstogetherwithtiminginformationarethenusedfortrajectoryestimations.Ateleva-tionsbelow10°,theaccuracyisdegradedduetogroundreflectionsandatmosphericconditions.

Communications

Thenatureof theactivities and thegeographicallayoutofEsrangerequirehighperformancecom-municationsystemsforvoiceanddata.Ageneralpublicaddresssystemconnectedto loudspeakersboth indoors and outdoors is the primary voicecommunicationchannel.

Intercom SystemAllstationsinvolvedinmeasurementactivitiesareequippedwithatleastoneintercomunit.Eachunithasaloudspeakerandamicrophoneoraheadset.There are eight separate communication “loops”dedicatedforspecialpurposes.Anyoftheseloopscanbeaccessedbymeansoffrontpanelswitches.Ifmanyloopsmustbemonitored,specialunitsareavailable which mix the sound from all selectedloopsintooneloudspeaker.

GO/NOGO SystemAs reportsonstatusof thesystems involvedaretimecritical,alightsignalsystemisused.TheOp-erationsofficer,whoisresponsibleforthecoordi-nationofallactivities,hasanimmediatesurveyofthecurrentsituation.Eachstationisequippedwitha control panelwhere a red light corresponds toNOGO,i.e.systemfailureortheequivalent.Con-verselyagreenlightcorrespondstoGO,i.e.every-thingisundercontrol.

Video Message SystemGeneral information to all stations is distributedviaalocalvideosystem.AlargenumberofvideomonitorsareinstalledwithinEsrange.Thebasicin-formationconsistsofUniversalTimeandRelativeTime (count-down time). In addition, shortmes-sagescanbedisplayed.

External CommunicationsDedicatedcommunicationto/fromEsrangecanbearranged via the public telecommunication net-worksusingISDN,Internetorothersuitablemeth-ods.UserscanbringtheirownPCtoEsrangeandhaveaccesstoEsrangeInternetservicesprovidedthat:

• theUser’sPCisconfiguredforDHCP(Dy namicHostConfigurationProtocol).• theUserprovidesthePCcablewithRJ45 connector to connect to the Esrangenetwork.

Timing System Reference frequencies and time code signals aregeneratedinacentralfacility.Thesystemissyn-chronized to international standards, which arecontinuouslymonitoredtoensurethatsynchroni-zationismaintainedatalltimes.Ano-breakpowersystemisusedtoguaranteehighsystemstability.Theavailablesignalsaredistributedtotheuserviathecablenetwork.

Time Code SignalsAllgeneratedtimecodesaresynchronizedtoUni-versalTime.

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Reference FrequenciesAllfrequenciesthataregeneratedaresynchronizedtothestationreference.

Telecommand System for Sounding Rockets Agroundtospacetransmittersystemisavailable.Thissystem isusedmainly for the followingpur-poses:-Flight termination, incasea failuredevelops intherocket-borneguidancesystem.-Flightcommandingandmanoeuvringofpayloadsflownonrocketsorballoons.- Termination of balloon flights over landarea, in case the payload must be recovered.

448.00MHzcarrierfrequencyisusedforflightter-minationandpayloadcommandsaremodulatedon449.95MHzcarrier.Bothtransmittershavesepa-ratepoweramplifiersandantennas.Thetransmit-terscanbeoperatedasaredundantsystemusingapriorityscheme.Forhighaltituderockets,a24ftparabolicdish(ESC)canbeconnected,toachievehigherEIRP.

ESC-AntennaA UHF antenna system for tele-command trans-missionisavailable.Antennapointingisperformedundercomputercontrol,topredictedangelsortoactualanglesdeliveredfromtrackingantennas.

Telecommand System For Balloons The tele-commandsystem is installedat theRa-dar hill. Themodulators, amplifiers and antennaareremotecontrolledfromtheEsrangetelemetrystation.

Modulating Signals Thepayloadcommandtransmittercanbemodulat-edwithsignalsfromtheuser’sgroundequipment,connectedviathecablesystemtothemodulator.

Flight Hardware for Balloons

EBASS - the electronic parts of the airborne unit

Esrange Balloon Service System (EBASS) A complete telemetry and telecommand system(EBASS)forsupportofballoonflights isavailable

totheuser.Allgroundbasedandflightequipmentisfieldproven.Thesystemincludesallnecessaryfunctions to performGPS position determination,cut-down on command, cut-down by timers, topvalve and ballast machine operations for balloonpiloting.

Therearealsothreefullytransparentbidirectionalserialdatachannelsavailablefortheuser.Adapt-ing user instruments can be realized using thestandardserial interfacesfor linkageofuserdatatoground.

E-Link airborne unit

E-Link data link TheE-Link systemcanoffer fully transparent bi-directionalEthernet,asynchronousRS232/422orsynchronous data link between the payload andground equipment. The user can simply connecthis/herequipmentonboardusinganyoftheinter-facestypesspecifiedaboveandcommunicatewiththeequipmentfromground.

Thesystemiscapableoftransferringupto2Mbpsofdataondistancesupto500km(TBC).Theusercanaccesshis/hers instrumentover theEthernetinterfaceandtheinterfacepointcanbeextendedtolocationsoutsideEsrangepremises.

ThestationarygroundstationissituatedattheKe-opshilland it is fully remotecontrolled fromthetelemetrystation.Thereisamobilegroundstationavailableiflinkneedstobeestablishedatotherlo-cationswherethepayloadisnotwithinlineofsightforthestationaryantenna.

Air Traffic Control TransponderForsafetyreasons,allballoonswithpayloadsheav-ierthan5kgmustcarryAirTrafficControl(ATC)transponders.SpecialunitsthatmeettheATCre-quirementsareavailable that canbeattached totheballoonflight train.TheATCunit canalsobeequippedwithanArgosunitinordertoobtainfastrecoveryposition.TheArgosunitretrievesthepresentpositionusingtheonboardGPSreceiverorusingmeasurementsontheArgossystemsatellitesignals.ThepositioncanbeobtainedfromtheArgoswebserverinnear

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real-time.The transponderunits canalsobeequippedwithswitchON/OFFfunctionalityduringflightusingei-ther barometric pressure sensors or via remotecommandoveraserialinterface.

Homing Beacon Itisrecommendedthathomingbeaconsareusedtosupportsuccessfulrecoveryoperations.Specialunitsareavailablethatcanbeattachedtothebal-loonflighttrain.Aunitconsistsofastyrofoamboxcontainingabeacontransmitter,batteriesandex-ternalantenna.

Power SupplyThepowersystematEsrangeisafive-wirethree-phase50Hzsystem.Thephasetophasevoltageis400VAC-6%+10%,50Hz±2Hz,phasetoneutralvoltageis230VAC-6%+10%,50Hz±2Hz.

Thesystemneutralisseparatedfromsafetygroundinthelocaldistributionsystems.Neutralandsafe-tygroundwillbeconnectedonlyatonepoint,themainpowerinlet.

Thesystemisdesignedtoeliminate50Hzhumonsignallines.Itisimportantthatalluserequipmentwhichshallbeconnectedtothesystemisdesignedsuchthatneutralisseparatedfromsafetyground(chassis) and signal ground. Power transformersmusthaveseparateprimaryandsecondarywind-ings.Itispossibletosupply110VAC50Hzpoweratcertainlocations.

Back-uppowerisinstalledinthemainbuilding(800kVA),thelaunchingarea(300kVA)andtheradarhill (300kVA).No-break-power (UPS) is installedinthemainbuilding70kVA;20minutes,launchingarea30kVA;20minutes,andradarhill5.0kVA;20minutes.

Specifications

P-band Tracking EquipmentAntenna 1 Frequencyrange:215-260MHzTracking:ThreechannelmonopulsesystemAntennatype:CrosseddipolearraywithacommongroundplaneGain:18dBoverisotropicPolarization:RHCPBeamwidth:18°Firstsidelobe:20dBTypeofpointing:Autotrack,manualTrackingspeed:5°/sec,nominalAcceleration:5°/sec2,nominal

Antenna 2Frequencyrange:395-405MHzTracking:NotrackingAntennatype:Fourstackedhelicalantennas.Gain:14dBoverisotropicPolarization:RHCPBeamwidth:28°

Typeofpointing:manualTrackingspeed:5°/sec,nominalAcceleration:5°/sec2,nominal

L/S-band Tracking EquipmentFrequencyrange:L-band1440-1790MHz,S-band2200-2400MHzAntennatype:2.4mparabolicreflectorTrackingfeed:primefocus,conicalscanninghornAcq.aidfeed:sequentiallyscanneddipolearrayBeamwidth:3dB:4°and30°respectivelyPolarization:simultaneousRHCPandLHCPG/T:L-band:5.0dB/°KS-band:8.0dB/°KTrackingspeed:20°/secminAcceleration:20°/sec2min

DLR L/S-band Tracking EquipmentFrequencyrange:S-band2200-2400MHz,L-band1650-1750MHzAntennatype:5mparabolicreflectorTrackingfeed:Primefocus,MonopulsesystemBeamwidth: S-band1.8°,L-band2.4°Polarization:RHCPorLHCPG/T:S-band14dB/°KminTrackingspeed:30°/secAcceleration:30°/sec2max

S/X-band Tracking EquipmentFrequencyrange:S-Band2200-2400MHz,X-Band8025-8400MHzAntennatype:13mparabolicreflectorTrackingfeed:primefocusmonopulse,fivecrosseddipolesBeamwidth,3dB:S-Band0,7°,X-Band0,18°Polarization: S-Band simultaneousRHC and LHC,X-BandswitchableRHCandLHCG/T:S-Band:23dB/°K,X-Band:33dB/°KTrackingspeed:4°/secAcceleration:10°/sec2

ReceiversMicrodyneMod.1100ARDemodulation:FMintermediate/widebandSecondIFbandwidth:300,500,750kHz,switchselectable,or0.75,1.5,2.4MHz,switchselecta-ble

Video CharacteristicsOutputimpedance:75OhmFrequencyresponse:10Hz-2MHzOutputvoltage:1-10Vp-p,2.8Vp-pnominalConnectors:BNC

Diversity Combiner, Microdyne 3200-PCType of combining: Simultaneous Pre-DetectionandPost-Detection,Dualchannel,AGCcontrolledincludinganabsolutevalueAMdetectorOutputfrequencyrange:10Hzto5MHzOutputlevel:0-8Vp-p,2.8VnominalConnector:BNC

Microdyne Mod. 700 MR

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Demodulation:FM,PM,BPSK,QPSKSecondIFbandwidth:0.3,0.5,0.75,1.5,6.0MHz,switchselectable

Video CharacteristicsOutputimpedance:75OhmFrequencyresponse:10Hz–5MHzOutputvoltage:2.8Vp-pnominalConnectors:BNC

Diversity Combiner, Microdyne 1620-PCTypeofcombining:Post-Detection,Dualchannel,AGCcontrolledOutputfrequencyrange:10Hzto5MHzOutputlevel:2.8VnominalConnector:BNC

Microdyne Mod. 700 MRBDemodulation:FMSecondIFbandwidth:0.75,4,8,20MHz,switchselectable

Video CharacteristicsOutputimpedance:75OhmFrequencyresponse:10Hz–8MHzOutputvoltage:2.8Vp-pnominalConnectors:BNC

Diversity Combiner, Microdyne 1620-PCBType of combining: Simultaneous Pre-DetectionandPost-Detection,Dualchannel,AGCcontrolledincludinganabsolutevalueAMdetectorDemodulation:FM,PM,BPSK,QPSKOutputfrequencyrange:10Hzto15MHzOutputlevel:2.8VnominalConnector:BNC

Cortex RTR receiver and combinerTwoCortexRTRunits,whereeachhousesRHCP/LCHP receivers, PRE/POST-D combiners and bit-synchronizers.Demodulation:FM,PM,BPSK,QPSK,OQPSKandSOQPSKSecondIFbandwidth:30MHzto50kHzselectableinsteps

Video Characteristics Combiner and ReceiverSingleendedbi-polarVideo filters: 12,5 kHz to 18 MHz selectable instepsOutputimpedance:Low,75or50OhmselectableOutputvoltage:2.8Vp-pnominalConnectors:BNCDe-Emphasis:CCIR405-1625/525lines

Video Characteristics Bit synchronizerMaximumbitrate:20MbpsinNRZcodesand10MbpsinotherSingleendedTTLordifferentialRS422Outputimpedance:50ohmOutputvoltage:TTLorRS422

SSC-C1000Type:TVreceiver

Demodulation:FMIFbandwidth:10or20MHzswitchselectable.De-emphasis:CCIR405.1switchselectable.

Video characteristics Outputimpedance:75OhmOutputvoltage:1.0Vp-pnominalFrequencyresponse:5MHzConnector:BNC

PCM Video SwitchingTwoUniversalSwitchingmodel11966units32in-puts×32outputs,Non-blocking(fullfanout)Inputtype:SingleendedInputimpedance:50ohmInputlevel:Maximum±5VOutputimpedance:50ohmFrequencyrange:DCto75MHzSystemgain:UnityCrosstalkisolation:>40dB

PCM DecommutationBitSynchronizer,Aydin-Monitor318Bitrates:1bpsto1.2MbpsInputwaveformcodes:NRZ-L,NRZ-M,NRZ-S,BiO-L,BiO-M,BiO-S,Outputs(TTL):NRZ-Lplusfourclockphases(0°,90°,180°,270°)

BitSynchroniser,Aydin-Monitor3335Bitrates:10bpsto32MbpsforNRZcodes,10bpsto16MbpsforallothercodesAcceptablePCM:NRZ-L/M/S,BIO-L/M/SRZ,DM-M/S,DBIO-M/S,MDM-M/SOutputs:NRZ-Ldata,trueandcomplement.Fourphasesofclock.

FormatSynchronizer,Aydin-Monitor1023AThe synchronizer performs the following opera-tions:• Wordsynchronization• Framesynchronization• Formatsynchronization• Serial-to-parallelconversion• Single-channelbinaryanddecimaldisplay• D/Aconversion• Inputbitrate:Upto1Mbps• Wordlength:Upto31bits• Framelength:2-999words• Formatlength:2-512frames• Framesync.length:Upto33bits• Formatsync.types:IDcounterorpattern

Formatsync.Patternlength:Upto33bitsOutputserialdata:NRZ-L,positivetrueTimingpulses:Bitrateclocks,1/4bitwide,Wordclock,1bitwide,Frameclock,1bitwide,Formatclock,1bitwide

FormatSynchronizer,Aydin-Monitor3440The synchronizer performs the following opera-tions:• Wordsynchronization

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• Framesynchronization• Formatsynchronization• Serial-to-parallelconversion• Datacapture• Single-channel binary/octal/hex/decimal display• Digitaltoanalogconversion

Inputbitrate:1bpsto20MbpsWordlength:Upto32bitsFramelength:1to8192wordsFormatlength:2to4096framesFramesynclength:Upto32bitsFormatsynctypes:IDcounterorpattern

Formatsync.Patternlength:Upto32bitsOutputserialdata:NRZ-L,positivetrueTimingpulses:Bitrateclocks,1/4bitwide,Wordclock,1bitwide,Frameclock,1bitwide,Formatclock,1bitwide.

FM Discrimination

Subcarrier Discriminator, Astrodata 404 DemodulatesFMsubcarriersignals.Thecenterfre-quency and deviation are determined by a plug-in channel selector. The intelligent frequency re-sponseisdeterminedbyaplug-inlow-passfilterforMI=5,switchableCAorCOresponse.

Subcarrier center frequencies: 400 Hz-165 kHz,IRIGpropotionalbandwidthstandardFrequencydeviation:±7.5%and±15%Special lowpassfilters for the following frequen-cies:6.5kHz,8.5kHz,25kHzand50kHzOutputvoltage:Adjustableupto10Vforfullde-viation

Tunable Discriminator, EMR Model 229Subcarrier frequencies:300Hzto300kHztunedbyfrontpanelswitchanddialFrequencydeviation:±7.5%or±15%Deviationratio:1,5,10,25,50or100Datafrequencies:3Hzto30kHzOutputvoltage:Adjustableupto10Vforfullde-viation. Frequency increase gives negative goingvoltage.

Magnetic Tape RecordingTheFMsystemoperatesinlowband,intermediatebandorwideband I, selectableby internal strap-ping.Nominalconfigurationisintermediateband.

Penny & Giles MDR2014Tapewidth:1inchTapelength:9200feetmaxTapespeed:15/16-240inch/sDirect record/reproduce characteristics (10tracks):Inputlevel:0.1-2.5Vrms,1VrmsnominalFrequencyresponse:IRIGWB2Outputlevel:0.5Vrms-1.5Vrmsinto75Ohmfornormalrecordlevel

Connector:BNC

FM record/reproduce characteristics (4 tracks):Inputlevel:0.5Vp-p-12Vp-p,2.8Vp-pnomi-nalFrequencyresponse:IRIGWB2Outputlevel:0.7Vp-p-2.0Vp-pinto75OhmfornormalrecordlevelConnector:BNC

The tape recorder is also compatible with IRIGstandardsIntermediateandWB1

Avalon AE 3840 HWTape:S-VHScassetteRecordingtime:60minutesFrequencyresponse:1channel8MHzor3chan-nels3MHzOutputlevel:1Vpp

Heim GSR120 HD recorder120Mbit/smaximumrecordingcapacityTwoDCM12modulesupto20Mbit/seachInputtype:RS422,TTL,1Vbi-phase,Data+Clock,Dataonly,Bi-PhaseOne MRG 12 module 4 channels with maxium 5Mbit/s/channelortotalmaximum12Mbit/sInputtype:Data+Clock,Dataonly,Bi-phase

Video Recorder, Panasonic AG-7330Tape:S-VHS1/2inchcassetteRecord/reproducetime:Max180minVideosignalsystem:CCIR/PAL/M-NTSCS/Nratio(B/W):45dBVideoinput/output:1.0Vp-pnominalImpedance:75OhmConnector:BNC(compositevideo)or4P(S-VHS)Video Recorder, Panasonic NV-SD22Tape:VHS1/2inchcassetteRecord/reproducetime:Max180minVideosignalsystem:PALS/Nratio(B/W):45dBVideoinput/output:1.0Vp-pnominalImpedance:75OhmConnector:SCART

DVD recorder, SONYRDR-4X720Videosignalsystem:PALVideoinput/output:1.0Vp-pnominalImpedance:75OhmConnector:BNC/SCART

Frequency PlanTelemetryanddata-videotransmissions:

F r e q u e n c y band (MHz)

M a x i m u m output power (W)

B a n d w i d t h (MHz)

137.0-141.0 10 0.025

227.0-256.0 10 0.500

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F r e q u e n c y band (MHz)

M a x i m u m output power (W)

B a n d w i d t h (MHz)

400.0-405.0 2 0.500

1425-1525 10 5

2200 – 2400(Recommend-ed>2300)

10 10

Telecommand transmissions: 448.00 MHz and449.95MHzFrequencypairsforradartransponders:5612/5662MHzand5712/5762MHz

DLR C-band RadarAntennaReflector:2.4mfront-fedparabolicBeamwidth:1.4°Gain:39dBisotropicPolarization:Vertical

TransmitterFrequency:5400-5900MHzPowerOutput:650kWPulselength:0.25,0.5,or1.0µsPRF:160,320,or640pps

Ranging SystemRangemeasurementresolution:1mAngularmeasurement:L/S-bandautotrackingsystemReadoutresolution:0.1°Angularaccuracy:0.3°RMS

S/X-bandautotrackingsystemReadoutresolution:0.01°Angularaccuracy:0.05°RMS

Timing SystemAmplitudModulatedTimeCodes:

Code Carrier frequency

IRIGA 10kHz

IRIGB 1kHz

NASA36 1kHz

Modulationratio:3:1Positiveedgesynchronous:UTC±50µsPhasejitter:±100nsecTransformercoupledoutputs:Outputimpedance600ohm,Outputamplitude5Vp-pDC-timecodesIRIGA:1,000ppsIRIGB:100ppsIRIGH:2ppsNASA36:100ppsPositiveedgesynchronous:UTC±50µsOptocoupledoutputs,capableofdrivingTTLlevelintoa50Wload.

Station reference frequencyFrequency:5MHzLongtermstability:5x10-11permonthOutputlevel:1VRMSinto50ohmloadTransformercoupledoutput

Secondary reference frequenciesAvailablefrequencies:1Hz,10Hz,100Hz,1kHz,10kHz,100kHz,1MHzOptocoupledoutputs,capableofdrivingTTLlevelintoa50ohmload.

Telecommand System Flight Termination Transmitter For Sounding Rock-etsFrequency:448.00MHzModulation:FMMaxdeviation:125kHzMaxmodulatingfreq.:50kHzInputimpedance:50ohmAntennagain:9dBiEIRP:+30dBWAntennapolarization:LHCP

Payload Telecommand Transmitter For Sounding RocketsFrequency:449.95MHzModulation:FMMaxdeviation:125kHzMaxmodulatingfrequency:50kHzInputimpedance:50ohmAntennagain:9dBiEIRP:+30dBWsAntennapolarization:LHCP

ESC-Antenna System characteristics and performance Antennareflector:7.3mparabolicFrequencyrange:400MHz-470MHzPolarization:RHCandLHCG/T(receivemode):4dB/ºKminSystemgain(transmitmode):26dBPowerhandlingcapability(transmitmode):RCPchannel:1000WLCPchannel:250WPedestaltype:Az/ElDriverange:Az:±380ºEl:-4ºto+95º

Telecommand SystemFlight Termination Transmitter Frequency:449.95MHz(ALT.448.00Modulation:FMMaxdeviation:125kHzMaxmodulatingfreq.:50kHzInputimpedance:50ohmAntennagain:12dBiEIRP:+34dBWnominal+37dBWMAXAntennapolarization:RHCP

Modulating Signals Standard Interface:Bandwidth:100Hz-50kHz(3dBpoints)

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Systemmodulationsensitivity:Aninputvoltageof±1Vproduces,±10kHzdeviationofthetransmit-tedRFfrequencyMaxinputvoltage:±12VInputconnector:BNCfemaleInputimpedance:10kOhm

GMSK Interface:Bandwidth:2Hz-200kHz(3dBpoints)Systemmodulationsensitivity:The inputhasad-justabledeviationofthetransmittedRFfrequencyMaxinputvoltage:5VInputconnector:BNCfemaleInputimpedance:10KOhm

Opto Interface For Balloon Telecommand: Bandwidth:DC-15MHzSystemmodulationsensitivity:AdjustableMaxinputvoltage:1VPeaktoPeakInputconnector:BNCfemaleInputimpedance:75Ohm

Homing BeaconRecommended recovery beacon specifications:Frequencyrange:240-260MHzModulationtype:CWorpulsedOutputpower:min.0.4WBattery lifetime at ambient temperature:min.48hNote!121.5MHzand243.0MHzareinternationalemergency frequencies and can NOT be used asbeaconfrequency.

Therecoverybeacon frequenciesmost frequentlyusedare:240.8MHz,242.0MHz,244.05MHz

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Safety

GeneralAsageneralrule,Swedishsafetyregulationsandlaws apply for work at Esrange. The Work Envi-ronmentActcontainsthebasicprovisionsconcern-ing occupational safety and health questions inSweden.Thisact isageneralactof lawwhich isbackedupbyspecialrulesandregulationsindif-ferentfields,forexampleExplosives,Inflammablematerials,Toxicmaterials,Electricalfacilities.ThespecificsafetyrulesandregulationsthatapplyforworkatEsrangearedefined in thedocumentEsrangeSafetyManual,ESM,whichisavailableonsiteatEsrange.Inthefollowing,generalsafetyin-formationislinedout.SchedulingEsrangeprovideslaunchingopportunitiesanytimeof theyear,any timeofday,within themeasureofSwedishLaws.Thelong-termschedulingoftheEsrangelaunchingprogrammeiscarriedoutbythesecretariatoftheProgrammeAdvisoryCommittee(PAC)situatedatESAHeadquartersinParis.Are-visedscheduleisissuedeverysecondmonth.

Operational SupportAssemblyandpreparationofrocketsandballoonsisnormallydonebyEsrangepersonnel.Intheeventthattheuserteamsdotheseoperations,allworkmust be performed in accordance with the ESMregulations.Assembly,preparationandcheckoutofpayloads,whichisnormallyexecutedbytherangeuser,mustlikewiseadheretotheESMregulations.

Recovery of Rockets and PayloadsRecoveryofrocketsandballoonpayloadsisstand-ardprocedureattherange.ThelandimpactareamakesEsrangeverysuitableforallkindsofflightswhererecovery isnecessary.Theopenlandscapeallows smooth payload landing contributing to aminimumofimpactdamage.Afterimpact,thepay-loadsseldomdragintherecoveryparachutethanksto theprevailing lowwinds.BalloonpayloadsarerecoveredallovernorthernScandinaviaandnorth-ern Russia. Provided that payloads are equippedwith proper homing devices, recovery operationsare very likely to be successful. All other parts,withoutbeacons,suchasmotorcases,nosecones,etc.,arerecoveredassoonastheyhavebeenlo-cated.Theexcellenthelicoptersupportfrompilotswell acquainted with this uninhabited region ofScandinavia,makesitpossibletomaintainaveryhighprobability for successful recovery.Thenec-essaryequipmenttosupportrecovery,ATCtrans-pondersandhomingbeacons,canbesuppliedbyEsrangeInstrumentation.

Safety OrganizationThePresident and CEO of SSCisoverallresponsibleforsafetyinthecompany.He/sheisresponsiblefor

approvingoverallsafetyandsecuritypoliciesinthecompanyincludingtheEsrange Safety Manual (ESM).

The President of Science Services Division is re-sponsible for implementingtherangesafetypoli-ciesandcriteria.He/sheisresponsibleforapprov-ingFlight Safety Plans andGround Safety Plans.

TheHead of Sounding Rocket and Balloon Depart-ment is responsible for conducting operations inaccordance with the ESM and other complemen-tarysafetypoliciesandregulations.He/sheisalsoresponsible forpreparingSafetyPlansandofap-pointingaFlightControlOfficerinamissionwithaFlightTerminationSystem.

The Esrange Project Manager is responsible forallcontactswithcustomersandcontractorswhenplanning, building up and conducting rocket andballoonmissionsatEsrange.He/sheisresponsiblefor coordinationanddelegationof responsibilitiesofcampaignactivitiesincludingallsafetymatters.He/she shall superintend all safety and securityregulationsandarrangementsrelatedtothemis-sion.

The Chief Security Officer is responsible for theoverallplanningofsecuritymattersatEsrange,in-cludingsupervisionofthefulfilmentofsecurityreg-ulationsintheESMandintheEsrange Föreskrifter för Säkerhet och Skydd (EFSS)andothercomple-mentary safety and security policies and regula-tions.

The Range Safety Officer is responsible for theoverall planning of safety matters of launch op-erations at Esrange, including supervision of thefulfilmentofsafetyregulations intheESMand inthe Esrange Föreskrifter för Säkerhet och Skydd (EFSS) and other complementary safety policiesandregulations.TheHead of Operations and Flight Safety Sectionisresponsibleforperformingsafetyanalysisandde-velopingsafetyplansordatapackagesforallbal-loonandsoundingrocketmissions.He/sheisalsoresponsible for preparing Campaign Documentsand Rocket Introduction Documents to Swedishauthorities.

The Head of Launch Team is responsible for thegroundsafetyinthelaunchingareas.

The Superintendent for Explosives is responsibleforallhandlingofexplosivesatEsrange.

Restricted AreasDuring operations, there are certain areas thatmustbeclosedforsafetyreasons.Onlyauthorizedpersonnelwillhaveaccesstosuchareas.

Rocket Launching AreaTheroadtotherocketlaunchingareaisclosedneartheMainBuildingbymeansofaremotelycontrol-

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led road-block. Authorized personnel gain accessbyusingaspecialbadge.Insidethelaunchingareatherearefurtherrestrictedareasthatrequirefur-therauthorization.

Balloon Launching AreaThe road to the balloon launching area is closedneartheMainBuildingbymeansofaremotelycon-trolled road-block. Authorized personnel gain ac-cessbyusingaspecialbadge.Thebuildingsatthenorthedgeof theballoon launchingareaarenotrestricted.

Radar StationsDuetothehealthriskarisingfromRFradiation,nopersonsareallowedtoentertheradarstationwith-outpermissionfromtheradarteamleader.Thereisalsoanon-permittedareaaroundtheradar.Whentheradaristransmitting,ablueflashingwarning-lightisactivated.

Operations Centre and Scientific Centre Signswiththetext“NoAccess”areplacedabovethedoors to theOperationsCentreandScientificCentre.Whenthesesignsareilluminated,onlyau-thorizedpersonnelhaveaccess.

Rocket Flight SafetyThemain objectives of flight safety are tomini-mize injuries to personnel, damage to propertyand the probability of impact outside the rangeboundaries. Each vehicle flight must be plannedto optimize the probability of the success of theflight objectives and tominimize the element ofrisk.It isthepolicyoftheSwedishSpaceCorpo-ration that the risk associated with each launchatEsrangeiscontrolledsothatthehurtrisk(i.e.personal injury) never exceeds one in a million.In order to implement this policy it is requiredthat every vehicle launched fromEsrange is cat-egorizedintooneofthefollowingtwocategories:

Category AVehicles that meet the following three require-ments:

• Do not have control or guidance system

• Have demonstrated vehicle reliability

• Have impactdispersionsuch that thehurtriskcriteriaarefulfilled

Category BVehicles that cannot be classified category A. AllcategoryBvehiclesarerequiredtohaveadestructsystem. When launching a category B vehicle, aSafety Operations System (SOS) will be estab-lished tocontrol themission risk.AFlightSafetyPlanwillbepreparedforeachCategoryBvehicletodocument:

• The Safety Operations System data requirements and/or qualification test.

• The flight limits. These flight limits definetheareasinwhichthevehicleundercertainconditionsshouldbedestroyed.

Acceptance of New Rocket TypesRocket types new to Esrange will be accepted iftheycanfulfiltherequirementsunderCategoryA.AllCategoryBvehicleswillbejudgedfromcasetocasewhether themainobjectivesofflight safetycanbefulfilledbymeansofguidancesystem,de-structsystemetc. IfaUserwantsto introduceanewrockettype,anapplicationhastobemadeatleastsixmonthsbeforeplannedlaunchdate.

Nominal Impact PointThe nominal impact point will be chosen as Az:350°, dist: 75 km during the period September16-April30,whenzonesBandCarepermittedimpactareas.DuringsummerthenominalimpactpointwillnormallybechoseninAz:350°,dist:60km,whenonlyzoneBisapermittedimpactarea.The reason is to minimize the hurt risk and theprobability of impacts outside the rangebounda-ries.Exceptionscanbemadeforrocketswithlowdispersionanddemonstratedreliability.Anominaltrajectory forall rocketstobe launchedfromEs-rangehastobepresentedatleasttwomonthsbe-foreplannedlaunchdate.

Balloon Flight Safety Applicationforlaunchingofstratosphericballoonsmust be forwarded at least six months beforeplanned launchdate asEsrangehas to apply forpermissionfromSwedishAirTrafficControlauthor-ities. Launchings of large stratospheric balloonscantakeplacefromEsrangeorsomeotherplaceinnorthernSwedenunder the supervisionof Es-rangesafetypersonnel.Allballoonsarefilledwithheliumgasandreleasedbyrangepersonnel.Strat-osphericballoonsmustcarryallequipmentneces-sarytofulfilAirTrafficControlandEsrangesafetyrequirements.ImpactandrecoveryinScandinaviais normal routine, but permission for impact andrecovery innorthernRussiacannormallyalsobearranged.

ExplosivesAllexplosivestobebroughttoSwedenrequiresanimportlicenceissuedbySwedishauthorities.ItistheresponsibilityofEsrangetoprepareanapplica-tionforsuchalicence.

Dangerous EquipmentDangerousequipmentisdefinedasallequipmentcontaining micro-organic, explosive, pyrotechnic,poisonous, corrosive, or radioactive materials.When an experiment with dangerous material isproposed,anymaterial listed in thebook “Hand-book der gefährlichen Güter” (Himmel Springer-Verlag,Berlin,Heidelberg,NewYork)mustbenoti-fiedtoEsrange.

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Operational support for Sounding rocket and balloonEsrange appoints a Project Manager for everyprojectthatisplannedtobecarriedoutfromEs-range.TheProjectManageristheEsrangecontactfor the rangeUser.He/She is responsible for thecampaignplanning,co-ordination,countdownpro-cedure, andoperations at the range.All require-ments and correspondence should be addressedtotheProjectManager.Alloperations,whatsoever,occurundertheLawsofSweden.EsrangeofficialsareresponsibleforflightcontrolandflightsafetyofallvehiclesthatareflownfromEsrange.

Approval to Use the RangeAllprojects,whichwillbecarriedoutattherange,requireapprovalbythePresidentofScienceServ-icesDivision.AllplansfortheuseofEsrangeshouldbe discussed with Head of Sounding Rocket andBalloonDepartment,suchthatallpriorityquestionscanbesettledandthelong-termplanningrequire-mentsbesatisfied.

Range User’s Requirements

A range usermust prepare a Flight RequirementPlanwhichdefines themission requirementsandalsotheservicestobeprovidedbyEsrange.

Itisrecommendedthatthedocumentispreparedinco-operationwiththeHeadofLaunchServicesatEsrangesuchthat therulesandregulations inthe Esrange SafetyManual are not violated, andthat eventual difficulties can be eliminated at anearlystage.

TherangeusershouldsubmitatleasttwocopiesoftheFlightRequirementsPlan,arrivingatEsrangenolaterthanthreemonthspriortothescheduledstartofthecampaign.

Based on this plan, permission fromgovernmentagencies canbe applied, in the case itwould benecessary.

Shouldaballoonbesupposed toflyover foreigncountries, an application must be made no laterthansixmonthspriortotheplannedcampaign.

Similarly,shouldanewrockettypebeintroducedtoEsrange,anapplicationhasalsotobemadeatleastsixmonthsinadvance.

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Range User’s Requirements

FLIGHT REQUIREMENT PLAN FORMATThis section describes the format of the contents required in the Flight Requirements Plan.

General InformationMissionA short description of the scientific objectives of the project.

OrganizationA description of the organization with responsible persons and addresses, telephone and telex num-bers of participating organizations.

PersonnelA list of participating personnel including name, responsibility and position.

OperationsLaunch ConditionsA brief description of scientific and meteorological conditions required for launch.

Time ScheduleThis item should include Transport to Esrange, Ar-rival of personnel, Unpacking, Payload assembly, Payload tests, Payload/Vehicle integration, Pre-flight meeting, Test countdown, Launch window and Launch period.

CountdownA list of main countdown events.

PayloadGeneralA general description of the payload including dimensions, weight, centre of gravity and a draw-ing.

ExperimentsA short description of the experiments in the pay-loads.

Hazardous ItemsAll hazardous items in the payloads must be defined under this headline (radioactive sources, explosives...).

Launch VehicleRocketGive as complete a description of the rocket as is reasonably possible. The range user should de-scribe in adequate detail or provide references for rocket handling, motor performance, wind weighting and physical dimensions. Drawings are required for rockets/payloads which have not previously been launched from Esrange. Input parameters required for each rocket configura-tion include tower tilt effect, unit wind effect, wind weighting curve. If the rocket consists of more than one stage these parameters must be given

for all stages.Flight SequenceA time table of all important events during flight.

TrajectoryA preflight trajectory based on nominal launch angles.

Esrange SupportTelemetryAn adequate description of the payload-borne telemetry instrumentation including the following items:• Telemetry system including frequencies and power output • Antenna configuration • Polarization • Bandwidth, format, sync words and data rates • Recording requirements

Tracking A specification of tracking requirements and track-ing systems in the payload.

Timing, Communications and CablingBesides regular services all specific requirements on timing, communication and cabling should be specified under this item.

Scientific Ground InstrumentationA specification of operational models of requested scientific ground instrumentation on the range. Use of down range stations should also be re-quested under this headline.

Data Handling, Processing, and DistributionRequests for play-backs, scientific recordings, general data processing, etc. are to be addressed to the project manager, before the start of the campaign. Requests should include a distribution list of all persons/organizations that are to receive post-flight data.

Launch SupportA specification of launch support. Gas supplies for payload, umbilical cabling etc.

RecoveryRequests for recovery. Specification of beacon, parachute colour, etc.

Supplies and TransportationRequests for working areas, offices, accommo-dation, transportation, unloading of material, car rental, etc.

Give any special user requirements.

Esrange Space Center

Ver. 2 2011-04-11

SSCEsrange Space Center

Science Services DivisionP.O. Box 802, SE-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden

Phone: +46 980 720 00telefax: +46 980 128 90

www.sscspace.com