Mechanics Arctica

7/23/2019 Mechanics Arctica

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, , , . . , 2000 . , . (. Arctic desert) : ,

. , , , ( ) ( ) . , , . - . . 67C , 43C, 0C . . , 2 2. , 11 2 8 2 . 5 15 . . , . , , . .

. . - .

Throughout the complete design process, the following principles are maintained:

Reliability: theselected components areproventechnology. All solutionsare keptsimple ifpossible. Redundancy: a FMEA (Failure ModeEffect Analysis)approachis usedto ensure maximumredundancy. Flexibility: future adaptations and extensionsare importantdesign drivers.


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GENIUS LOCI

motion across crease motion across creases motion stopped byperpendicular crease

switch from supporting edgeto srface

90 degree direction change


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The evolution of form in natureEnergy falls on the earth from the sun, and some of that energy is trans-formed and transported around the world. Energy and material betweenthe ocean, the land, the biosphere and the atmosphere are exchanged.Climate is the metasystem, a system of systems, and their intricate cho-reography of its forms and behavior modulates the exchanges of energyand material between all the other systems, and is in turn affected by

them. The metasystem has many critical t hresholds with differing scalesof distance and time, and is delicately poised so that a small change atone scale may initiate a great and rapid change at another.The process of the climate metasystem is affected by interactions withthe surface of the Earth, and inputs of energy and material to the at-mosphere are received from the surface below. The two most significantmaterial transfers are water and carbon.WaterWater cycling between the surface and the atmosphere transfers heatfrom the surface to the atmosphere. Water passes through many systemsin unceasing cycles. All living things contain water, sometimes up to 80percent of their body mass, but their water is not held permanently inthe organism. Water cycles through organism, so that they continuallyingest water to replace the water that is shed by evaporation from theirouter surfaces.Energy is critical to the phase changes of water, the molecules must shedenergy to become ice and acquire energy to become a vapour. Ice meltswater when sufficient energy is absorbed, then energy remains latent inthe water vapour molecules, until it is released as heat into the surround-ing air.

The surface layer of the ocean, to a depth of three or four meters, holdsas much heat energy as entire 40 kilometers deep atmosphere. Currenttransfer heat from the equatorial region to the poles. Like the globalcirculation of the atmosphere, the pattern of the ocean currents is persis-tent over time, but is subject to variations and perturbations, and thereis strong fossil evidence that there have been substantially differentpatterns of ocean currents in the geological past. Heating of the water inequatorial latitudes and the cooling in the polar latitudes is the principal

driver of the system. In the polar latitudes very little solar energy is re -ceived from the sun and the surface of the ocean loses heat to the wind,which also carries away the water that does evaporate. The cold saltywater becomes denser and sinks.Heat I transported from the equator to the poles by the ocean surfacegyres and by the surface winds. As warm ocean water moves from theequatorial regions towards the cooler high latitudes, the atmosphereabove it becomes progressively cooler. Air flowing over a warm oceancurrent will gain heat energy and moisture from the water, and in con-

sequence the warm moist air is more able to form clouds, so that landareas nearby will have increased rainfall. Conversely, air flowing over coldocean currents will lose some heat energy to the water, and the coolerair is less able to from clouds; consequently nearby coasts will be drierand cooler. Changes to weather patterns are driven by oscillations in theinput to the atmosphere from the oceans, and this oscillations may occurin quite short cycles of decades.

Surface morphologyThe interaction of climate and the surface modifies and changes the larg-er landform. Water, wind and the processes of living forms rae the agentsof change, weathering and eroding even the hardest materials, breakingthem down into smaller and smaller fragments, and carrying them awayand depositing them elsewhere.Glacial landformsSnow that accumulates over long periods of time in very low temper-atures eventually becomes so dense that it compresses under its ownweight and is transformed into dense ice. Ice masses begin to movewhen the accumulating ice becomes too massive to maintain its rigidshape and it plasticity deforms, becoming a glacier. Glaciers have variantforms in distinct flow characteristics, such as linear glaciers that are con-strained to flow in a single direction by topography; or continuous sheetsor masses of ice that move out from a central area in all directions; andlarge flat masses of ice that spread laterally over a level surface. Glaciersscour the land wherever they touch, leaving characteristics deep scratch-es or striations. The abraded material becomes embedded in the mov-ing ice, increasing the scouring action, and being deposited elsewhere.The abraded material varies in size from huge rocks to fine grains and isknown as till, or when deposited as moraine. Ice has shaped much of thelandscapes of the middle and high latitudes.

EmergenceCritical thresholdsThe arctic summer sea ice, diminished by warmer air close to the sur face,has a temperature thresholds between 0.5 2 degree Celsius of globalwarming, and the timescale of complete transition through the thresholdto an ice-free Arctic sea is thought to be very rapid, perhaps less than 10

years. There are many measured observations that suggest this thresh-old is very close. Transition will amplify warming and accelerate changesin the ecological systems of the high latitudes. The ice great ice sheetshave such enormous volumes of ice that their complete transitions arewidely thought to be slow, although there are many observations thatstrongly suggest that these transitions have begun, and are proceedingmore rapidly than that had been anticipated. The Greenland ice sheetshas a temperature threshold between 1 and 2 degree Celsius of globalwarming, with a much longer time scale of complete transition of more

than three centuries. When the transition is completed sea level will be 7meters higher than it is today. The west Antarctic ice sheet has a temper-ature threshold of 3 degree Celsius or more than three centuries. Com-plete transition will add a further sea level rise of 5 meters.The Atlantic thermohaline overturning circulation is sensitive to in-creased freshwater entering the North Atlantic from the melting ice, witha temperature threshold of 3 degree Celsius or more of global warming.

The reduction and eventual failure of the circulation will significantlyshift the converge zones of the atmospheric circulation, inducing largershifts to the existing climatic regimes across the Northern hemisphere.( timescale - 100 years) The effects will be prolonged and see intensedroughts in South-East Asia and other regions in similar latitudes. Themonsoon belt has always been prone to abrupt changes, typically takingover only one or two years for transition through its critical threshold.


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GENIUS LOCI ARCTIC SCIENCE

1. 2.

3. 4.

Arctic transit routes used in this study. The Exclusive Economic Zone of the Russian Federation


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In such a moment as this, we can hardlyleave our heads buried either in the sand or

in our own armpits much longer. Not only areterritory, food, air-time, building products,parking spaces or polar bears becoming scar-ce - but scarcer still is that old-school commo-

dity: IDEAS.....Peter Cook

UNAVOIDABLE SUBJECT TO BE STUDIED

PROJECTS PAGE: READY MADE ANTARCTIC BASE STATION, SUSTAINABLE ICEBERGLIVING STATION, SOUTH POLE UNIVERSAL

SEED ARCHIVE, ICE FLOW AND SEA CURRENTRESEARCH UNIT.

ANTARCTICA DATA PAGE: GEOGRAPHY,

TOPOGRAPHY, TOPOLOGICAL SECTIONS,ICEFLOW DIRECTIONS, ICEBERGS, CLIMATE,ICE AND SNOW, FLORA AN FAUNA, EXTREMOPHILES, POLITICAL CLAIMS, ANTARCTIC

TREATY, FIRST SETTLEMENTS, BUILDING INTHE ANTARCTIC, BASE STATIONS.

GENIUS LOCI , .

The specific research facilities in question are

specialized in various applied sciences suchas advanced engineering, bio-medicine andbiomedical engineering, biology, geolo-gy, oceanography, astronomy, glaciology

and geophysics, climatology, meteorologyand hydrology, and therefore are highlydependent on a specific location. Extremeenvironments, that are very cold or hot, dry

or humid are often key environments, wherescientists can research questions regardinglife, the world surrounding us as well asouter space

EXTREME WINDS, TEMPERATURES AND PRECIPITATION

FROM SOLID TO LIQUID STATE AND BACK

SPECIFIC LIGHT LOCAL ALTERNATION OF DAY ANDNIGHT

UNIQUE ADAPTATION OF LIVING ORGANISM

, , [19]. - 70 % . . . , , . ,

57,7C ,

62C (, ), 67C (), 46,3C . 28,2C, +1,4C, 14,5C, -48,8C, 43C, 0C . 9,6C, 1,5 C, +0,6C, 0C, 3,5C. , , +0,7C. , , 44,4C, +10,3C. 9,2C, 1,6C, +0,5C, +0,1C, 2,8C. .

, 2 2.

, 11 2 8 2 . 12 , 34 . 35 , 1015 . . . , 420630 /(2 ) [1015 /(2 )], 23 , , , , [ 85125 /(2 ) 23 /(2 )].


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50 , . ,

, [19]. - 70 % . . . , , . ,

GENIUS LOCI , .

-

,


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On the left is Culmanns graphical statics analysis ofthe patterns of internal mechanical forces (stresses) in aFairbairn crane. The curved column was under a distrib-uted vertical load from the top. On the right is Wolffsdepiction of the trabecular alignment in the proximal

femur. Notice that the trabecular trajectories meet atright angles. Adapted from WolffAdaptive Elasticityapproach of Cowin and Hegedus

The Direct Microstructural ApproachSADDLE JOINT relying on two y struts that interpen-etrateIt is difficult to account for how soft tissue fibers ormembranes can connect these two compression mem-

bers in a suspended tensegrity configuration that allowsthis range of movement.

ITS STILL AN EXTREMELY HARSH ENVIRONMENT; YOU HAVE TO BE VERY CAREFUL. ONE OF THE BIG CHALLENGES IS TOKEEP IT PRISTINE THIS IS A CONTINENTFOR SCIENCE.

ANTARCTIDA // 50 YEARS OF RESEARCH /111 STATIONS/


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-

crawling motion is not gained by

pupng ud (ar) n r ut f the bewsegments, but uses a mechanical

travelling-wave connected to thepneumatic-bellows structure


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Water is the chemical matrix required for life, the molecular chain that connects all organisms

on this planet. Today the Earths watertransportation conduit, industrial feedstock, agriculturalneesstys ng under new pressures. Fr the nan (eg, the gratn f pharaeuta

eues thrugh the hydrga syste) t the ar (a banng gba ppuatnbned wth ate hange eans ntensed pettn fr ths aready sare

resure), water s at rsk.

of Metaphysics

Water s everythng.S sad the rst Greek phspher, Thaes.

OSMOTIC POWERpotential of osmotic power to beabout 1,370 terawatt-hours per year/

therdyna extratn efeny f91.0%

The enormous potential of powergeneration through the natural process

f sss s ndsputabe. But efentand prtabe st pwer pants

that can be installed on a global scaleare still being tested and developed.

ANCIENT MYTH OF BURYAT

They have praised the natural forces, wheresky ( TENGERY) was a main part.

FUTURE

105 WIND MILLS 400000 SOLAR PANELS

C L E A N A I R1 COAL THERMAL PLANTBUT TOO MUCH BLACK AIRENERGY PROPORTIONWITH INDUSTRY OF CBK/ WITHOUT330 Mwt on 4500 people in average

PRESENT

Energy strategy of Russia development for period up to 2030

1 = 278 *

Baikal is a birth pla-

ce to shamanism.

THE WIND HORSE

WITH SUN RIDING IT.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY


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water management has 3 main functions:

Water prdutn: Snw s eted any usng theprary antfreeze rut f

the solar thermal system. An additional electrical heating is foreseen in the meltingunit to ensure water production under all conditions. The location of the snow

etng unt s prary dened byaerodynamics. As the wind blows on the ridge and building, snow is accumulated.

The eted snw s duped nt (the wer pstned) snw etr n thegarage. If needed a snow tractor can be used to collect the snow and dump it in

the melting unit. Once the snow is melted, it is transported in heat traced ducts tothe tehna re fr terng and

storage.

Water treatent: Grey and bak water are eted separatey n nuentbuffer tanks of 2

m3. These tanks are located in the bottom part of the tower to ensure a gravitydriven drainage. The stored black water is fed continuously into an anaerobic

biological reactor, which uses a bacteriological substance16 to break downthe waste in an ecological manner at a temperature of 55 degrees C. After the

anaerb press, the tered bak water s xedwith the grey water and fed to the aerobic membrane bioreactor for further

terng. After the pete press, a water passes an atve arbn ter, UVtreatment and multiple measuring units. The resulting treated water has hygienic,

nn-drnkng quaty. Under pta peratns, ny a nu f the tta water

aunt needs t be renewed eah ye. Due t the eevated efeny f theye (+90%) ny a ted aunt f tered water s d sharged nt the snw

surrounding the base. None of the sludge or waste is discharged into the nature,but w be stred n spe ntaners ated n the garage. These ntaners

will be shipped at the end of the season for recycling. Figure 12 is a schematicrepresentation of the water treatment unit.

Water dstrbutn and strage: bth etwaterand reyed water are stredn tanks n the upper eve f the tehna re. Santatn systes (UV treatent)

guarantee the water quality in those tanks. The water is put under pressure and

nneted t the water dstrbutn ternas (d water drety, ht water suped t the heat exhangers and then t the dstrbutn ternas).


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- .

of Metaphysics

Water s everythng.S sad the rst Greek phspher, Thaes.

( )

:

; , :

, , ;

; .


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, . , , , , -, 100200 . .

, .

,

67-70 / H= 90 130 ( 60 - 1130 )

HAFENCITY HAMBURGAURORA BOREALIS

. , , .

27 . 11

KO

.

:

(, ,, , ,, , .),

, .


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HAFENCITY HAMBURG =

MAGNETOMETRY

:

. (Coronal ss Ejection, ), .. , . ( ) . .

, .

, , .

Theterrestrial magnetic shield acts as a barrier protecting the Earth from energetic particles andradiation in the hot solar wind.

, ( ) - ( ) 1994


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geodesics light rays Sturm Liouville problem

singularity theory is the study of the failure of manifold structure

Different materials lead to different designs. Is the number of possible patterns endless, or is there some wayto classify them in groups of basic designs?

I directed the beam from a helium-neon laser through a layer of transparent plastic with a rippled surface.

CAUSICS ARE PAERNS OF BRIGH points and lines that form

array of laser-beam causticsA graph of a cusp catastrophe

Pedal curves

Spherical parametrization

A classification of caustic patterns

LightSpirograph2


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ITER

This is the IPCC A1B scenario which has a 3.5 .C warming by the year.One in three people are already facing water shortages

TAME THAT TURBULENCE

ITER BLANKET

" "

magnet

DIVERTOR

VACUUM VESSEL

DIAGNOSTICS

OTHER GEOMETRIES

CONFIGURATIONS OF STELLARATOR

TORSATRON

HELIOTRON

MODULAR STELLARATOR

HELIAC

HELIAS

GEOMETRIC APPROACH OF ENERGETIC MANIFOLD

stabe pasa equbru requres agnet ed nes that ve

around the torus in a helical shape


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TOPOLOGICAL ABSTRACTION DNA OF TORUS

ALPHABET TORUS

x = (R+r s(u))s()

y = (R+r s(u))sn()z = r sn(u),

..An (rdnary) trus s a surfae havng genus

ne, and therefre pssessng a snge "he" (eftgure). The snge-hed "rng" trus s knwn n der

literature as an "anchor ring."


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TOPOLOGICAL ABSTRACTION DNA OF TORUS

Centrifugal force (from Latin centrum, meaning "center", and fugere, meaning "to flee"[1][2]) isthe apparent force that draws a rotating body away from the center of rotation. It is caused by theinertia of the body. In Newtonian mechanics, the term centrifugal force is used to refer to one oftwo distinct concepts: an inertial force (also called a "fictitious" force) observed in a non-inertialreference frame, and also the equal and opposite reaction to a centripetal force.

Keizo-Ushio-

MobiusSnail

cross-cap

Clifford-torus

HornCyclide_ A foliation of S by Clifford ori, stereographically projected to R

its surface can be turned inside out to yield an identical torus. A torus can beknotted externally or internally, but not both. Tese two cases are ambient isotopies,but not regular isotopies. Tere are therefore three possible ways of embedding atorus with zero or one knot.

Interlocking congruent rings cut from a single toroid


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VARIATIONS AND TESSELATION FOR TORUS

a solenoid is a compact connected topo-ga spae (.e. a ntnuu) that ay

be obtained as the inverse limit of an inversesystem of topological groups and continuous

homomorphisms


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with a contracting movement, a great cylindrical-shaped vehicle would be ablet nh ts way arund n the st dfut terran, and at a nsderabe speed (5

ph). Ths ngenus desgn ud vere haengng gegrapha bstaesthat would stop more conventional vehicles in its tracks.

slithering

ADVANTAGES

HARSH TERRAIN LOCOMOTION

with a contracting movement, a great cylindrical-shaped vehicle would be ablet nh ts way arund n the st dfut terran, and at a nsderabe speed (5

ph). Ths ngenus desgn ud vere haengng gegrapha bstaesthat would stop more conventional vehicles in its tracks.

EcoNomicAl DESiGN

seetn f a exbe ebrane t sea the expandabe bewsmaterial would need to be capable of tolerating the friction, temperatures, and

the continual erosion brought on by the environment

IMPORTANT


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TESSELATION COMPLEX GEOMETRY

dea f a ak f ntr ver the na resut f a vrn dagra

RIPPLES

SEGmENTATioN


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INFLECTION POINT, LINE , CREASE BIFURCATION

Right conoid

ruled surface generatedby a family of straight

lines

manifolds


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PERSONALITY OF FUTURE USER

TESLA NANSEN GAGARIN

SCIENCE NORTH SPACE+ +

+ +


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ANTROPOLOGICAL FACTOR

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Mechanics Arctica