Use of FRP in Hybrid and Composite

Construction

Submitted By

Danish Khan

0007CE11DD07

Integrated PG Program - IX Semester

Department of Civil Engineering

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal

Presentation for Seminar

(DDI 905)

Outline

Introduction

Composition and Types of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP)

Uses of FRP

FRP reinforced composite structures

Properties of FRP and Comparison with steel

Advantages and Disadvantages of FRP rebars

Design and Field Applications of FRP reinforcements

FRP in Hybrid Bridge Construction

FRP Deck Bridges

Hybrid Composite Bridge

Introduction

FRP has emerged as the material of 21st century

FRP is a combination of polymeric resin with embedded

fibres

The resulting material has several advantages

Three important advantages are light weight, high

tensile strength and corrosion resistance.

FRP has been successfully used to design innovative

structures around the world

FRP Composition

In addition, fillers and additives are used to impart desired characteristics

Polymer

• Polyester

• Vinyl Ester

• Phenolics

Fibres

• Glass Fibres

• Aramid Fibres

• Carbon Fibres

Fibre Reinforced

Polymer (FRP)

• GFRP

• AFRP

• CFRP

Uses of FRP

Application areas

Repair and Retrofit using FRP sheets

FRP reinforced composite structures

Hybrid Bridge Structures

Repair and Retrofitting of Existing Structures

First application

of FRP in Civil

Engineering

FRP Sheets are

wrapped

externally using

epoxy or other

bonding material

As Internal Reinforcement of RC Structure

• They are used

alternative to steel

reinforcement

FRP materials exhibit

several properties,

such as high tensile

strength, that make

them suitable for use

as structural

reinforcement

Properties of Various Types of FRPs

Property GFRP AFRP CFRP

Density (g/cm³) 1.25-2.1 1.25-1.40 1.5-1.6

Young’s Modulus (GPa) 35 to 51 41 to 125 120 to 580

Ultimate Tensile Stress

(N/mm²)

483 to 1600 1720 to 2540 600 to 3690

Ultimate Tensile Strain (%)

(Rupture strain)

1.2 to 3.1 1.9 to 4.4 .5 to 1.7

Coefficient of Thermal

Expansion

1. Longitudinal (× 10-6 ºC)

2. Transverse (× 10-6 ºC)

6 to 10

21 to 23

-6 to -2

60 to 80

-4 to 0

41 to 58

Cost Least expensive Expensive Most Expensive

Source : ACI 440.1R-06 Table 3.1 – 3.3

Comparison with steel bars

FRP bars are anisotropic hence property is different in

different direction

Property Steel Glass Fibre Reinforced

Concrete (GFRP)

Density (g/cm³) 7.90 1.25-2.1

Young’s Modulus (GPa) 200 to 210 35 to 51

Ultimate Tensile Stress

(N/mm²)

483 to 690 483 to 1600

Ultimate Tensile Strain (%)

(Rupture strain)

6 to 12 1.2 to 3.1

Coefficient of Thermal

Expansion

1. Longitudinal (× 10-6 ºC)

2. Transverse (× 10-6 ºC)

11.7

11.76 to 10

21 to 23

Source : ACI 440.1R-06 Table 3.1 – 3.3

Stress Strain Relation in Tension

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Str

ess

, N

/m

m²

Strain, %

HYSD Steel Bars

GFRP Bars

AFRP Bars

CFRP Bars

Design of FRP reinforced concrete

Design is done similar to RCC with steel rebar

Working stress or limit states method can be adopted

The section can fail due to

Concrete Crushing

FRP Rupture

Balanced

Design for flexure

Advantages of FRP

High Strength and Lightweight

Corrosion Resistant

Low Thermal Conductivity

Nonconductive

Electromagnetically Transparent

Impact Resistant

Low Lifecycle costs

Resistance to corrosion

40% structural failure is due to corrosion of steel

reinforcement in concrete

FRP composites are neutral to chemicals that induce

corrosion.

Disadvantages of FRP

High Initial cost (compared to steel reinforcement)

Susceptibility to mechanical damage

Susceptibility to fire

Inability to bend in field

Longer overlap (lap) lengts

Poor shear strength

Lack of ductility

Bents and Stirrups

Various bents shapes are available

form suppliers.

Bents and stirrups are factory made,

field bending is not possible

Stirrups in slab and T-Beam in FRP reinforced concrete structures (Pultrall Inc.)

Cost Analysis

The cost is ₹500-600 per kg (transported from foreign) in

case of Glass FRP bar

Carbon FRP is usually more expensive.

The reason for high cost is

Better understanding of mechanical properties and bond

behavior is needed for design of FRP reinforced structures.

Field bends are not allowed, and not-weldable

Lack of familiarity by practicing engineers

Field Applications

Val-Alain Bridge Reinforcement of the bridge deck slab and

barrier walls, 2004

First bridge deck of Canada totally reinforced with GFRP

Field Applications

Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavement with GFRP bars on

Highway 40 East-Montreal, 2006, a pioneer application of

GFRP bars

Field Applications

FRP parapet wall for Glendale Avenue Bridge, Niagara

Designed using ACI 318, ACI 440, and Canadian Highway

Hybrid Construction with FRP

This concept combines element of traditional materials (like

girders) with FRP composites

Most useful in bridge construction

Steel or concrete girders support FRP bridge deck

FRP deck provides great durability by providing easy

installation, light weight and potential resistance against

environmental and chemical damages

Uses FRP Pultruded Profiles

Hybrid FRP Bridge Applications

Footbridge over road no. 11 in Gądki, Poland

260m long bridge consists of FRP deck

Hybrid FRP Bridge Applications

Kings Stormwater Channel Bridge, California (201 m)

Side and close-up view of Kings Stormwater Channel Bridge visualization [26]

Hybrid FRP Bridge Applications

Friedberg Bridge over B3 Highway, Germany (21.5 m span)

An innovative GFRP

composite bridge

Total weight is 80

tonnes

Consists of Two steel

beams covered by an

innovative multicellular

GRP deck profile

Hybrid Composite Bridge

A new and innovative technique

invented by John R. Hillman

The hybrid composite beam is a

single beam.

A composite of three materials -

steel, concrete, and FRP

The concrete in the shape of arch

carries compressive load

The FRP shell carries the shear

and bending moment internal to

the beam.

Composition

HCB Assembly without any reinforcement

HCB with compression reinforcement

Ease in Transportation

Placing at site

Placing of concrete

Completed HCB Bridge

Load Distribution

Advantages of Hybrid Composite Beams

Faster erection, resulting in less out of service time for highways

and railways.

Virtually No false work is required

Lightweight, allowing reuse of existing substructures

Resilient materials can improve seismic performance and fatigue

resistance.

Corrosion resistant materials result in better life cycle costs.

The design and construction is simple, hence no additional training

is required.

FRP shell is fabricated in factory and transported

90% lighter than corresponding concrete structure

Hybrid Composite Bridge in action

HCB were installed on a railroad test track near Pueblo,

Colorado in 2010

Successfully

supported a

heavily-loaded

train

FRP Suppliers

Following is the list of products and suppliers of GFRP products

Aslan-100 FRP Bars– manufactured by Hughes Brothers

V-Rod FRP bars– manufactured by Pultrall

NEFMAC FRP grids – manufacture by Autocon Composites

SikaCarbodur , Sika – www.sikaconstruction.com/

S&P, Clever Reinforcement Company, Switzerland

Replark System, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Sumitomo

Corporation of America, NY.

Tonen Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

Tyfo Fibrwrap System, Tyfo, San Diego, CA.

Conclusion

FRP is a futuristic construction material for RCC Structures

Most Important property is corrosion resistant as well as high

tensile strength

Awareness is required to increase widespread use of FRP

Cost of FRP is high, but if its production is at large scale it

will prove to be

There is much scope of innovation in techniques involving

FRP composites

References

1. ACI 440.1R - Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete

Reinforced with FRP Bars, first published in 2001 and latest revised is in 2015

2. fib Bulletin No. 40 - FRP reinforcement in RC structures, European State of

the Art report on use of FRP as reinforcement

3. CSA, 2002 - Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibre-

Reinforced Polymers, Canada

4. CSA, 2010 - Specification for Fibre-Reinforced Polymers, Canada

5. ISO 10406 - FRP reinforcement of concrete — Test of bars, grids and sheets

6. JSCE, 1997 - Japanese society of Civil Engineering Code

7. Other relevant studies and findings

Thank You