Use of Antibiotics in Livestock,

Human Health Concerns

Cedric R. Müntener

Institut of veterinary pharmacology, Vetsuisse Faculty,

University of Zürich

”Blackbox”

Antimicrobials

Resistances

Animals Humans

Antibiotics

Resistances

Sales / Use In- / Outpatients

P(SelectionH)P(SelectionA)

??

P(TransferA-H)

P(TransferH-A)

Intensity Intensity

“If you can not measure it, you

can not improve it.”

W. Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, 1824-1907

mg AB/kg biomass, humans vs. animals

12 EU member states

2nd JIACRA report, 2017; DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4872

Country Slaughtered

pigs (Mio)

Biomass pigs1

(1000 t)

AB pigs (t) mg/kg

slaughtered pigs1

CH 2.83 185 18.82 101.9

FR 24.07 1’565 330.72 211.3

CN 670.943 43’6123 34’0003 779.6

Normalized sales, pigs, 2011(2012)

1Average weight @ treatment, ESVAC: 65 kg2Data from national reports (Müntener, Chevance et al., not published)

3Extrapolated data (2012) from Krishnasamy et al., 2015

Un

der

em

barg

o u

ntilO

ct.

2018

Aggregated sales, veterinary antimicrobials

25 EU/EEA countries

8th ESVAC report, EMA, 2018

2nd JIACRA report, 2017; DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4872

x 2

x 130

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Pigs

# ther. courses 8’663’191 7’686’268 7’184’114 6’674’046 5’914’349

Slaughtered1 2’839’106 2’773’726 2’689’576 2’751’721 2’753’256

Intensity* 3.051 2.771 2.671 2.425 2.148

Calves

# ther. courses 1’828’599 1’687’942 1’636’930 1’521’050 1’407’450

Slaughtered1

261’308 256’471 252’118 251’509 236’343

Intensity* 6.998 6.581 6.493 6.048 5.955

Stebler R., Master Thesis, MAS Managed Care, ZHAW School of Management and Law

* # potential therapeutic courses per animal and year1BFS, Federal office of statistics

Number of therapeutic courses and intensity*

Switzerland, 2011-2015

350

25

PIDvet %

0 – 25 7.4

25 – 75 45.3

75 – 125 42.1

125 – 250 4.7

250 - 350 0.5

Schnetzer et al., Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk., 10.17236/sat00121

PIDvet: Prescribed daily doses per 1000 indiv. per dayPremixes in pigs, per farm, Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, 2011

Median, 2011: 64.76

12

13Alban et al., Assessment of the risk to Public health due to Use of antimicrobials in Pigs: an

example of Pleuromutilins in Denmark, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00074

“If you think you understand

antimicrobial resistance it hasn’t

been explained to you properly»Loosely based on A. Einstein

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