U.S. Industrialization

• After the Civil War the nation concentrated on expanding its power through Industrializing.

• There are many factors that contributed to our growth:

• Technological advances in transportation, communication, and ways of doing business led to enormous growth in wealth and power for some, but many problems arose as well.

• White settlement of western lands led to devastated Native American cultures.

• Politicians and Big Business Leaders took advantage of immigrant and American workers

• Cities and Factories would become the new homes for immigrants and Americans looking for a better way of life

• Others would choose to go west and settle land given to them by the government

The West and Railroads

• The Homestead Act -gave 160 acres of land to people who were willing to stay and develop it for 5 years.

• These 2million Homesteaders created a demand for goods.

• These goods needed to be transported creating a demand for Railroads.

• Companies were encouraged to build RR’s by the gov’t with free land on either side of the tracks. Which they would later sell $$$$$$.

The West and Railroads• The Bessemer Process made steel quicker

and cheaper allowing for more tracks.• By 1869 the Transcontinental Railroad was

completed allowing Americans to travel from coast to coast.

• Mostly Irish, Chinese, and former slaves built these railroads.

• Towns began to emerge at railway stops.

Captains of Industry or

Roberbarrons

Andrew Carnegie“Rags to Riches”

John D. Rockefeller

JP Morgan

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Rockefeller Center

Carnegie Hall“A man who dies rich, dies disgraced”

$380 Million to Charities

Vanderbilt Mansion Hyde Park NY

Rockefeller Mansion Newport RI

Carnegie’s Mansion

Union Leaders

Uriah Stephens-Knights of Labor Samuel Gompers-A.F.L.

Immigration

• 1865-1900 = 13.5 million came to the US• 1900-1920 = 16.5 million• --------------------------------------------------------• 1865-1920 = 30 million … 70% came in

through NYC• Reasons to come:

- shortage of jobs/taxes/crop failures/famine

Immigration• Getting to US– Probably cost life savings– Traveled on steam ship…in steerage– Upon arrival to US immigrants had to pass a physical … if

failed > sent home– Many names got changed to save inspectors time filling

out paperwork– Two waves of immigrants

• 1865-1890: “Old” Immigrants (GB, Germany, Ireland)• 1890-1920: “New” Immigrants (Italy, Greece, Russia)• Largest group of Asian Immigrants were Chinese and Japanese

• “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to be free, the wretched refuse of your teaming shore.

• Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me

• I lift my lamp beside the golden door.”

• Emma Lazarus- The New Colossuss• The Statue of Liberty

Irish Potato Famine1846-1850

• Over 2 million die and 1 million emigrate

• Black 47 -worse year of the famine

Italian Immigration

Restricting Immigration• Because of

Industrialization, jobs, the government did not restrict immigration.

• Unions and Laborers wanted immigration restricted. ??

• W A S P- White Anglo Saxon Protestant

• Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 and 1924 … limited Asian and European Immigration

• Chinese Exclusion Act (excluded Chinese immigrants from entering country > 1882-1943)

• Gentlemen’s Agreement (US agreed to stop segregation of Japanese in SF and Japan agreed to stop issuing passports for immigration > 1907)

Positives of Immigration

• Even though immigrants were resented, immigrants contributed a lot to American society– Helped the economy to rise– Helped to diversify the country by bringing new

customs and traditions to the US

Urbanization

Jobs created by industrialization led to a rapid growth of cities.

Immigrants and poor Americans lived in multifamily houses known as Tenements.

They were crowded, poorly ventilated and dirty, usually w/ one bathroom per floor.

Streets were dirty, sanitation was almost non-existent, the rivers were used as sewers, disease spread, poor conditions led to the forming of gangs.

Problems Within Cities• Illiteracy and Unsanitary Conditions• With problems came changes– James Adams and Hull House– John Dewey and public education– Salvation Army and the Red Cross– Subways, ELs, street cars– Gas and electric lights– Department stores– Newspapers– New entertainment (arts and sports)

Little Italy 1900

Did anyone help immigrants and the poor?

• Yes, Political Machines-organization keeps a particular political party in power.

• How?-Helping the poor and immigrants find jobs and housing.

• What do the politicians want?-Votes-Power

• William “Boss” Tweed• Graft-using political job for

own gain

Positives of Urbanization

• Job opportunities• Advances in Public Transportation• Education-better schools, libraries• Cultural Attractions-theaters, sports,

restaurants• Rise of the Middle Class-Managed the

workers• Blue Collar(laborers)/White Collar(managers)

NYC Subway opens 1904

Brooklyn Bridge Begun1870 Opens 1883

NY Public Library opens1895

Tests-Industrialization

• Thursday- 1/15/09-30 Matching

• Friday- 1/16/09-50 Multiple Choice

• Homestead Act, Capital, Corporation, Monopoly, Laissez-faire, Social Darwinism, Robber Baron, Captain of Industry, Company Town, Knights of Labor, AFL, Injunction, Scab, Collective Bargaining, Nation of Nations, Black ‘47, Forced Immigration, Old Immigrant, New Immigrant, Assimilation, Cultural Pluralism, Nativism, Know Nothings, Quota Acts, INS, Frontier, Regulate,Stock,Dividend,Conspicuous Consumption,Philanthropist, Rockefeller,Morgan,Carnegie,Entrepreneur, Free Enterprise,