US History

Weber217

Activator

• 1. What kinds of things do you associate with anti-immigration (also known as nativism)?

• 2. The Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) has been changed to the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), making it sound much more “bad ass” and taking out the part about becoming a citizen (naturalization) and changing service into enforcement. What is your reaction?

Agenda

• Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)• Benchmark Test Corrections• Republican Politics, anti-immigration, and the

Palmer raids notes (30 minutes)• Comprehension Check (15 minutes)• Exit Ticket (5 minutes)

Objective

• All students will…• Make connections between issues of race and

racism in the U.S. in the 1920s and today.• 11.5.2 Students analyze the attacks on Civil

Liberties 1900-1920 and how people responded.

Benchmark Data

• Looking at your individual score report identify your 3 best and your 3 worst standards. – 1. Recopy your strongest and weakest standards. – 2. Why do you think you did well on the standards you did?

Be specific…– 3. Why do you think you did not do so well and the ones

you did not do well on? Be specific… – 4. What specific things can you do to relearn what you did

not understand from your weak standards?– 5. What do you think are the specific reasons for you

achieving the score you did?

Benchmark Test Corrections

• Find an actual benchmark test.• Looking through it identify the questions you think you

got wrong and the questions you think you got right (make sure it lines up with the total number you got right/wrong)

• Copy the question into your notebook. • Pair with someone to discuss questions you are uncertain

of and use your notes to find the correct answers. • Write the correct answers for at least as many questions

as you got wrong in your notebook.

Objective

• All students will…11.5.2 Analyze the events, interests, and philosophies behind the attacks on civil liberties, such as the Palmer Raids and immigration quotas.

KKK Manual

• “Klansmen are to be examples of pure patriotism. They are to organize the patriotic sentiment of native-born white, protestant americans for the defense of distinctively american institutions. Klansmen are dedicated to the principle that america shall be made american through the circulation of american doctrines, the dissemination of american ideals, the creation of wholesome american sentiment, and preservation of american institutions”.

Republican Power• President Warren

G. Harding• Elected 1920• Legacy of

Scandals • “Teapot Dome”

scandal (oil)• Died in office

President Coolidge “The business of America is business.”

• Laissez-Faire • Smoot-Hawley

Tariff (charging imports, reduced trade, bad for economy)• No help for farmers

People on the Move:The Great Migration within U.S.

International Immigration

• Sharp post-war rise in immigration (after 1914). • Continued to be predominantly European.• Increasingly from Southern, Central and Eastern

Europe.• From countries where WWI had started.• Nativists in U.S. were scared that immigrants

from politically unstable countries would bring radical political ideas to the U.S. RED SCARE

Laws Restricting Immigration

• Had already passed Chinese Exclusion Act restricting immigration from China.

• 1917 Espionage Act; 1918 Sedition Act• 1919 J. Edgar Hoover put in charge of Justice Department

Bureau of Investigation.• 1921 at Harding’s request Congress passed an

IMMIGRATION QUOTA (a specific number each country was allowed).

• 1924 National Origins Act reduced quota to 2% of the population of that ethnic or national origin already living in U.S. (based on 1890 census data).

Palmer Raids 1919-1921

• Raids on people in U.S. suspected of being “Radical Leftists.”

• Carried out by Alexander Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General for U.S. Justice and Immigration Departments in the interest of “national security.”

• Used list of about 150,000 names.• Palmer was accused of torture,

wiretapping, and other abuses of people’s civil liberties.

• 1920 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) published Report of the Illegal Practices of the United States Department of Justice.

Sacco-Vanazetti Trial

-Two Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanazetti tried and executed for the supposed armed robbery of two pay clerks.

- Suspected radicals (anarchists).

- Unfair trial attracted international attention.

- People said that the judge allowed anti-Italian, anti-immigrant, and anti-anarchist sentiment to ifluence the jury.

Comprehension Check

• Write at least one page explaining “nativism” in the U.S. during the 1920s. Use the quote from the Klansmen Manual as well as your notes.

• 11.5.2 Analyze the events, interests, and philosophies

that led to attacks on civil liberties, including…– Actions of the KKK– Immigration quotas– Palmer Raids

The Roaring 20’s

• an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration

• U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe

• at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed

• so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)

• so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

• Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty

• sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery

• 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop

• white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

Consumer Economy

• for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic

• N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values

• this fear was known as NATIVISM• many wanted Congress to restrict

immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe

• fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)

• basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

• at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke

• his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage

• he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

Scopes “Monkey” TrialEvolution vs. Creationism

Dayton, TennesseeFamous Lawyers

Science vs. Religion

John ScopesHigh School Biology teacher

Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act

Gangsters

Al Capone

• PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol

• adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT

• an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement

• in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded

• a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise

• Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith…

• Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment

• forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

• Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association

• believed in Black pride• advocated racial segregation b/c of

Black superiority• Garvey believed Blacks should return

to Africa• he purchased a ship to start the Black

Star line• attracted many investments: gov't

charged him with w/fraud • he was found guilty and eventually

deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

Exit ticket and homework

• Exit ticket: • What was the most important thing you

remember reading about the 1920s.• Homework: • Research one of the following organizations

and bring in written evidence of your findings.– Marcus Garvey Back to Africa Movement– ACLU– NAACP