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Created by Kate Green. It says that it covers from 1865 to the present but it really just covers up to the Industrial Revolution (nothing about wars or foreign policy). Mainly about the expansion into the Wild West and the Industrial era. What a lovely guide! It has all of these fancy pictures and is loaded with facts~!
Citation preview
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 1 - Created by Kate Green
US History II: 1865 to Present – Notes & Study Guide - US.4 – Modern America: 1877 to the Early 1900s
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by 4a) identifying the reasons for westward expansion, including its
impact on American Indians.
Western Expansion –
American Indians –
Assimilation –
New opportunities and technological advances led to westward migration following the Civil War.
Why did westward expansion occur after the Civil War?
Reasons for increase westward expansion
Opportunities for land ownership
Technological advances, including the
Transcontinental Railroad
Possibility of obtaining wealth, created
by the discovery of gold and silver
Desire for Adventure
Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided
that any adult male citizen who had a family
could get a grant of 160 acres of land by
paying a small fee and living on the land for
five years straight. With more than 30,000 miles of
Railroad natural resources were shipped to
Eastern Factories and Factories shipped to National Markets.
California Gold rush of 1849 was followed by new discoveries of
gold and silver between 1857 and 1890. Prospectors swarmed to
the mines where gold and
silver were found. Some people thought
that life in the West was
filled with adventure.
Young men were drawn to
the cowboy life. Few of the freed slaves
could afford to own land
and most worked as
sharecroppers, work not very different from what they did as
slaves. Thousands of black families took advantage of the
opportunity to become homesteaders on the Plains. These former
slaves were called “Exodusters.” Sharecropper – A person or family works on a farm for a land
owner. The land owner gives the sharecropper and family housing
and food. The sharecropper also gets a portion of the profit
from the crop after it is sold.
Development of the Transcontinental Railroad - Development, 1850-1890
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 2 - Created by Kate Green
How did the lives of American Indians change with western expansion?
Native
American
Beliefs about
Land
Indians believed that land and its resources should be available to all, and not something that could be bought
or sold. Buffalo had provided the Indians of the Plains with most of their needs, but by 1883, buffalo were
nearly extinct. Whites killed buffalo for meat, hides, and increasingly for sport. Buffalo, which in the past
had roamed and grazed on the plains at will, were cut off from grazing land by barbed wire fences.
Impact on American Indians
Opposition by American Indians to
westward expansion (Battle of Little
Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo)
Forced relocation from traditional lands
to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez
Percé)
Reduced population through warfare
and disease (Battle of Wounded Knee)
Assimilation attempts and lifestyle
changes (e.g., reduction of buffalo
population)
Reduced their homelands through
treaties that were broken
By 1865, Indians and whites had frequent conflicts
on the Great Plains and throughout the Southwest
and Northwest. In 1867 a Peace Commission was
written to convince the tribes to give up their
lands and to relocate onto "reservations" - tracts
of land set aside for Indian
communities. Some Indians moved
willingly, while others continued to
fight for their land and their way
of life.
Battle of Little Bighorn - In
1876, the federal government
tried to force the Lakota, led by
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in
the Midwest (Great Plains), back on to the reservation.
General George Custer led his troops against more
than 2,000 Lakota Indians. Custer and all of his men
died in that attack, which came to be known as
"Custer's Last Stand." The Lakota were joyous by
their victory, but within a few months they were forced to surrender.
Geronimo was an Apache
leader in the Southwest,
who is known for
defending his tribe
against the Mexicans and
United States Calvary for
most of his life. He was very Adventurous,
Brave and Daring in his exploits and escaped
capture by the US for more than 30 years.
In 1877, when the federal government sent troops in
to force the Nez Percé tribe off their lands in the
Washington territory (Northeast) and onto a reservation,
Chief Joseph led 400,000 of his people on a long walk
toward the Canadian border to escape white settlers and
troops. With only a few miles left to Canada, the troops
captured Chief Joseph and his warriors, the old people,
the women, the children, and sent them off to Indian
Territory. Chief Joseph was sent to a separate reservation.
December 29, 1890, a Lakota tribe living in South Dakota, near a creek
called Wounded Knee, was being disarmed by the US Calvary. A deaf
native was not willing to give up his gun and a shot was fired accidentally.
The Calvary began firing randomly at the tribe’s people, killing Men,
Women and Children. Their own soldiers were killed and injured also.
The surviving Lakota fled, but U.S. cavalrymen pursued and killed many
who were unarmed. By the time it was over, at least 150 men, women,
and children of the Lakota had
been killed and 51 wounded (4
men, 47 women and children,
some of whom died later); some
estimates placed the number
of dead at 300. Twenty-five
troopers also died, and 39 were
wounded (6 of the wounded
would later die).
Battle of Little Bighorn
Battle of Wounded Knee
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 3 - Created by Kate Green
WHO?
______________________
__
WHO?
______________________
__
WHO?
______________________
__
WHO?
______________________
__
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 4 - Created by Kate Green
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by 4b) explaining the reasons for the increase in
immigration, growth of cities, and challenges arising from this expansion.
Immigration – Specialized Industry –
Challenges – Tenements –
Cultural Groups – Settlement Houses -
Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction and often conflict between different cultural groups.
Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems in urban areas.
Urban –
Political Machines –
Rural –
Why did immigration increase?
Reasons for the increase in immigration
Hope for better opportunities
Desire for religious freedom
Escape from oppressive
governments
Desire for adventure
In the 1840s, the potato crop failed and Irish farmers had nothing to
eat. By 1860 Irish immigrants had largely replaced the New England mill
girls as textile workers. (Took their jobs) From 1860 to 1910, the U.S. population tripled. After 1880, immigrants
were often from southern and eastern Europe, where there was little
industry and life was hard for poor peasants. Before they came from
Western and Northern Europe. Jewish from Eastern Europe fled because of religious persecution.
(Religious Persecution)
Russians and Polish escaped political oppression at home. (Oppressive
Government)
Why did cities grow and develop?
Reasons why cities grew and developed
Specialized industries, including steel (Pittsburgh) and meat packing (Chicago)
Immigration to America from other countries
Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities
Industrial expansion created jobs that
attracted thousands of immigrants to
America. This was the beginning of a vast migration
from the farms to the cities when
agricultural machinery cut the need for
farm laborers.
Mechanization
The Reaper did the work of 10 men, 9
moved to industrial cities.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 5 - Created by Kate Green
What challenges faced Americans as a result of these social and technological changes?
Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements. Efforts to solve immigration problems
Settlement houses, such as Hull House founded by Jane Addams
Political machines that gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing)
Overcrowding caused
frequent epidemics of
typhoid, smallpox, and
tuberculosis. Bad water and
garbage in the streets led
to disease. The ghettos
were filled with smoke and
dust. The crime rate was high. Fires were frequent.
Hull House in Chicago, IL was established to help
immigrants. It provided
many services - from
kindergartens to laundry
rooms. Other settlement
houses soon opened around
the nation. (e.g., jobs,
housing)
Progressives fought the power of the bosses and the political machines that controlled the big cities. By 1900 city life
becoming better. Fresh water was piped in, lighting was installed. Some city bosses tried to help new immigrants in order to get their votes. Many attempts to reform the city machines. Reformers created city-owned services like garbage collections
and street cleaning, and also created private organizations to help the poor.
Discrimination against immigrants
Chinese
Irish
Settlers on the West Coast
especially blamed declining
wages and economic problems
on the Chinese workers.
In 1882, Congress passed the
Chinese Exclusion Act, the
first significant law restricting immigration into
the United States.
The Irish began to arrive in large numbers, by the
1840s after the potato crop failed.
By 1860 Irish immigrants had largely replaced the
New England mill girls as textile workers.
Americans tended to look down on each group of new
immigrants. Immigrants in turn were unfriendly
toward blacks. “We don’t like
what you don’t like. Now we
have something in common.”
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 6 - Created by Kate Green
Challenges faced by cities
Tenements and ghettos
Political corruption (political machines)
Because of the terrible over
crowdedness in
Industrialized Cities, Slums
were created when landlords
divided tenement buildings
and packed in as many people
as possible. People of the
same ethnic background
lived in same neighborhoods,
creating ghettos. The political machines
(politicians) used people to
gain votes in exchange for
housing and jobs. The
immigrants had no other choice if they wanted to survive. The
politicians became very corrupt and used the immigrants for
personal gain.
A Political Machine is a
Person who takes
advantage of others, not
an actual Machine!
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 7 - Created by Kate Green
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by 4c) describing racial segregation, the rise of “Jim Crow,” and other constraints faced by African Americans
and other groups in the post-Reconstruction South.
Discrimination against African Americans continued after Reconstruction.
“Jim Crow” laws institutionalized a system of legal segregation.
African Americans differed in their responses to discrimination and “Jim Crow.”
Discrimination – Institutionalized –
Legal – “Jim Crow” Laws -
Segregation –
What is racial segregation?
Racial segregation
Based upon race
Directed primarily against African Americans, but other groups also were kept segregated
American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924.
How were African Americans discriminated against? C- B- J-
“Jim Crow” laws
Passed to discriminate against African Americans
Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states
Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government
These "Black Codes" took away many of the rights which had
been granted to Blacks through the 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments.
They prevented Blacks from voting by requiring payment of “poll
taxes” and requiring that voters pass a test about the
Constitution, even though they were not educated and had little
money.
For a while, Blacks were derogatorily called "Jim Crow", a term
conveyed an image of a singing and dancing fool.
The name “Jim Crow” is often used to describe the segregation
laws, rules, and customs which arose
after Reconstruction ended in 1877.
"Jim Crow" laws encouraged segregation.
They required separate black and white
facilities - schools, railroad cars, etc.
They prevented blacks from living in white areas, getting
government jobs etc.
The Supreme Court confirmed the law of "Separate but Equal" in
Plessey vs. Ferguson case – 1896 to be constitutional. (US.9a)
How did African Americans respond to discrimination and “Jim Crow”?
African American responses
Booker T. Washington: Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social segregation.
He founded the Tuskegee Vocational School in Alabama in
1881. Vocational Education means to learn a trade – work
with your hands. (carpenter, farmer, black smith, etc.)
Some blacks thought he was too cautious and faulted him
for his acceptance of separation.
W.E.B. DuBois: Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans.
Du Bois would not accept segregation as Booker T. Washington had. He
founded the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People) which called for complete political, legal, and social equality for
blacks and an end to discrimination.
C BEFORE J
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 8 - Created by Kate Green
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by 4d) explaining the impact of new inventions, the rise of big business, the growth of industry, and life on
American farms.
Civil War = US was a _____________ Nation United States became - ____________ Nation WWI
Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.
Inventions had both positive and negative effects on society.
Agricultural – Negative –
Industrial – Advertising –
Positive – Low-cost Production-
What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?
Inventions that contributed to great change and industrial growth
Telephone service (Alexander Graham Bell)
Electric lighting and mechanical uses of electricity (Thomas Edison)
Bell - 1876 - Phone service spread rapidly and
transformed communications.
“Mr. Watson, come here. I
want to see you.” was the
First Phone call. 3/10/1876
Edison invented the electric
light bulb in 1879. During the
following decades, factories
and transportation began to
shift from steam to electric
power.
By 1925, over 60% of homes
had electric power.
What created the rise in big business?
Reasons for the rise and prosperity of big business
National markets created by transportation advances
Captains of industry (John D. Rockefeller, oil; Andrew Carnegie, steel; Cornelius Vanderbilt, shipping and railroads)
Advertising
Lower-cost production
A single
manufacturer could
use railroads and
canals to ship goods
to markets (stores)
all around the U.S. In order
to increase sales, manufacturers began to develop strategies to advertise
their products to make people throughout the country want their products. Big businesses could lower the cost of production with new technologies like
assembly lines, standardized interchangeable parts, and the Bessemer
process for making steel.
John D.
Rockefeller Rockefeller's
Standard Oil owned
each step in the oil
production process
from the drilling
operations to the
gas station pumps.
He took over rival companies and made
them part of his companies.
Andrew
Carnegie By using the latest
technology and
watching costs,
Carnegie priced
his steel below
competitors.
By 1900 he owned the world's largest
industrial corporation - Carnegie Steel
by buying up smaller companies.
Cornelius
Vanderbilt American
entrepreneur
who built his
wealth in
shipping and
railroads.
“Vanderbilt the Rail Road” – Saying to remember that he built
the Transcontinental Railroad.
“Car made of Steel” Rock comes from the
Ground, so does Oil
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 9 - Created by Kate Green
What factors caused the growth of industry?
Industry –
Work Force -
Raw Materials – Mechanization -
Factors that resulted in growth of industry
Access to raw materials and energy
Availability of work force due to immigration
Inventions
Financial resources
Vast supplies of natural resources had been discovered in the U.S., including food, fuel and
minerals. By the late 1800s, railroads carried raw materials like coal and iron ore from the
mines to mills in Pittsburgh. Crops and finished products to National Markets
Industry could not have grown if the U.S. without a large available workforce. A large
workforce was available due to 1) a huge influx of immigrants, which caused the U.S.
population to triple between 1860 and 1910, and 2) increased migration to the cities from
southern farms, where mechanization was decreasing the need for farm labor.
The new Bessemer process allowed coal and iron to be converted cheaply to steel, and steel
fueled the growth of other industries.
Other inventions included sewing machines which led to a huge textile industry in New
England, the telegraph and telephone which enable better communication, and hydroelectric
power plants for electricity. (e.g. Hoover Dam)
During this prosperous period, money was available to fund new industries.
Examples of big business
Railroads
Oil
Steel
At first, railroads were developed by hundreds of small companies,
but soon they started to drive each other out of business. Railroad
barons, like Cornelius Vanderbilt, bought up the smaller lines and
created nationwide rail systems that used the same equipment and
same size track.
Rockefeller's Standard Oil formed a trust that eliminated any
competition in the oil industry.
Carnegie prices his steel below the competition and
drove others out of business. He took over all of the
other rival companies and controlled all of the steps in
the steel production process and price. Later Carnegie
steel would become part of U.S. Steel, an even larger
corporation formed by JPMorgan.
How did industrialization and the rise in big business influence life on American farms?
_____________________ Nation _____________________ Nation
Postwar changes in farm and city life
Mechanization (e.g., the reaper) reduced farm labor needs and increased production.
Industrial development in cities
created increased labor needs.
Industrialization provided new access to consumer goods (e.g., mail order).
The reaper, for example, could do the work of ten men.
Mechanization meant fewer men were needed on the farms.
Farm production still increased, and food was available to feed
the city workforce.
This was the beginning of a long period
of migration from rural areas (farm) to
the cities (urban).
Farm laborers saw better opportunities in
the cities. Increased demand for labor in
the cities meant higher wages.
More consumer goods were produced and
they became increasingly available in cities.
Rural customers were also able to buy goods from catalogs
and have them shipped through mail order.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 10 - Created by Kate Green
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by 4e) describing the impact of the Progressive Movement on child labor, working conditions, the rise of organized labor,
women’s suffrage, and the temperance movement.
The effects of industrialization led to the rise of organized labor and important workplace reforms.
Organized Labor -
Work Place Reforms -
How did the reforms of the Progressive Movement change the United States?
Negative effects of industrialization
Child labor
Low wages, long hours
Unsafe working conditions
Children often entered the work force at age eight or nine because parents needed their
children's income. They worked in coal mines, textile mills and other factories. Without
safety regulations, children were three times more likely to hurt themselves than adults.
10-hour workdays were common and pay was barely enough to live
on. Workers had no health coverage or other benefits.
No regulations on safety. Frequent accidents occurred in
factories, especially involving children who might fall asleep or
be less attentive.
A tragic fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory in N.Y. killed
141 seamstresses who were unable to escape because exits
were locked. Many jumped to their deaths from 8th floor and up.
Triangle Shirtwaist Company--Fire, 1911. - John Sloan created
this drawing for The New York Call, after the Triangle fire.
Within the Triangle are the words "rent, profit, and interest," which Sloan believed were
the root causes of the fire. ($, $, $) How did workers respond to the negative effects of industrialization?
Rise of organized labor
Formation of unions: Growth of American Federation of
Labor (AFL) Strikes: Aftermath of
Homestead Strike
AFL pushed for issues like higher wages, shorter hours, and
better working conditions. It was strongest in the skilled trade,
not the factories. Preferred bargaining over strikes.
In the late 1800's, strikes occurred all the time, often
ending in violence and little gain for the workers. In 1892, 13
men were killed in a battle between striking steelworkers and
strikebreakers at Carnegie's Homestead steel plant in
Pittsburgh. Union workers took lower wages at the end of the Homestead
Strike.
The strike turned many Americans against unions and organized labor, which
they blamed for the violence.
Progressive Movement workplace reforms
Improved safety conditions
Reduced work hours
Placed restrictions on child labor
Progressive Movement - includes different reform
movements that dealt with problems caused by
massive immigration, urbanization, and big business.
Reformers wanted laws to protect workers and poor
people, to reform government and to regulate
business.
This resulted in laws passed by states making
employers legally responsible if their workers were
injured or killed on the job.
States gradually began to reduce work hours,
especially for women and children.
States started to place restrictions on child labor,
though some of the state laws were declared
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 11 - Created by Kate Green
What is the Women’s Suffrage Movement? Movement – Gradually - Women’s suffrage
Increased educational opportunities
Attained voting rights – Women gained the right to
vote with passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America.
– Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked for women’s suffrage.
Women gradually were admitted to colleges at
begin careers outside of the home.
By 1900, one-third of college students were
women. Educated women began demanding the
right to vote.
Growing numbers of educated women were
becoming angry that they could not vote. In
large cities, women campaigned hard for
suffrage, and gradually more and more states
allowed women to vote. The important role
played by women workers in World War II
tipped the balance in favor of granting women
their Civil Rights.
In 1920, the 19th Amendment was adopted. It
made it illegal for any state or for the federal government to deny women the
right to vote.
During the 1800's, Anthony and Stanton were the leaders of the women's
suffrage movement, and fought for women to win the right to vote.
Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony was born
February 15, 1820 in Adams,
Massachusetts. She was
brought up in a Quaker family
with long activist traditions.
Early in her life she developed
a sense of justice and strong
beliefs.
After teaching for fifteen
years, she became active in
the Temperance Movement. Because she was a
woman, she was not allowed to speak at temperance
rallies. This experience, and her acquaintance with
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, led her to join the women's
rights movement in 1852. Soon after she dedicated
her life to woman suffrage.
Ignoring opposition and abuse, Anthony traveled,
lectured and went across the nation for the right to
vote. She also campaigned for the abolition of
slavery, women's right to their own property and
earnings, and women's labor organizations.
Anthony, who
never
married, was
aggressive
and
compassionat
e by nature. She had a sharp mind and inspired
many. She remained active until her death on March
13, 1906.
She did not see the 19th Amendment passed.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an
American social activist, abolitionist,
and leader of the early woman's
movement. She presented at the
first women's rights convention held
in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York
which was the first organized
meeting for woman's rights and
woman's suffrage movements in the
United States, starting the Suffrage
Movement.
After the American Civil War,
Stanton's commitment to female
suffrage caused a split in the woman's
rights movement when she, together
with Susan B. Anthony, declined to
support passage of the Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Amendments to the United
States Constitution. She opposed giving
added legal protection and voting rights
to African American
men while women,
black and white, were
denied those same
rights.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 12 - Created by Kate Green
What is the Temperance Movement?
Ban – Manufacture-
Prohibit – Transport -
Temperance movement
Composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol
Supported the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages
Individual groups of people who led the movement to
ban alcoholic beverages in the United States.
Temperance Movement - wanted to limit or ban the use
of alcohol. They thought drinking was a serious threat to
family life. Mostly Protestants, Associated drinking with
Irish Catholics which shows that they were still
discriminating against Irish.
18th Amendment, banning manufacture or sale of
alcohol, adopted in 1919.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 13 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4a The Push West: Go West, Grow Rich!
Besides farming, why else do you think people finally left their homes in the east to move to the
west?
Who Said That
Decide who said the following lines. Write the letter of each speech balloon in the blanks below the
characters.
After the Civil War, farming towns developed out West. Farmers, or pioneers,
were amongst the first people to move out west. As these settlements grew,
people in all kinds of trades and professions could make a living in the West.
Resons for Western
Expansion
I work for the Union Pacific Railroad.
We’ve just met up with the Central Pacific
Railroad at Promontory Point, Utah. The
East and the West are now connected and
folks can travel all the way across America
by train. All Aboard!
D
There’s GOLD in them
there hills! I just know
I’m gonna strike it rich!
Quick!
E
I’m so excited that my family is
moving West! We’re going to have
a farm on which we plan on
growing lots of wheat!
A The Wild, Wild, West!
Yippee! Yeehaw! That’s the
life for me! I’m looking for
action and adventure!
B
Now that my family and I are
finally free from slavery, we’re
moving West to start a new life.
We are so glad to have a chance
for a new beginning. C
Laura the Pioneer
_____
Casey the
Conductor
_____
Buck the Cowboy
_____
Althea the
Ex-Slave
_____
Lucky the
Miner
_____
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 14 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4a The Push West: Where the Buffalo Roamed
How do you think the life of the American Indian changed because of Westward Expansion?
Check each reason that you believe to be a cause of the conflict between Indians and settlers.
_____ Indians just wanted to fight!
_____ Settlers wanted the Indians land.
_____ Settlers just wanted to fight!
_____ Settlers wanted the natural resources, such as gold and other minerals, found on Indian land.
_____ Indians loved their homes and believed they had the right to remain on their land.
Native Americans were driven out of their lands as settlers and
railroad builders pushed farther into the West.
American Settlers…
Opposition by American Indians…
American Indians were not considered ____________________ until ______________.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 15 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4b The Newcomers – Huddled Masses
Imagine that you are an immigrant about to leave for America and you can only take those possessions
that will fit inside a pillowcase. List/Draw the items that you wish to take with you to your new country.
You are an immigrant on a ship headed to America. Are the following correct statements that you
would make about coming to America in the late 1800s? (Write True or False on the line)
1. I hope to find better opportunities for my family.
_____________________________
2. I expect things will be the same in America. The United States government is just as oppressive
as the one in my homeland.
_____________________________
3. My family is so happy. We’re leaving for America. Some of our friends are already there and we
know we’ll be able to worship God as we please.
_____________________________
4. What a waste of time. I don’t know why I’m leaving my homeland. It’s going to be pretty dull.
Nothing new or exciting ever happens in America.
_____________________________
Following the Civil War, a rapidly increasing number of people were migrating to the United States.
By 1890, nearly 15 percent of Americans were foreign-born. Just as technology had helped
Americans settle in the West, it helped newcomers reach the United States. By the late 1800s,
steamships could cross the ocean in six days.
Immigration Increased
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 16 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4b The Newcomers: Off the Boat, Into the City
Tomorrow another class is going to come into our room and stay for two weeks.
You will have to share your desk and space, and maybe your supplies. How will you feel?
Do you think you will treat the other class differently?
Consider two different perspectives as tension and conflicts arose in overcrowded U.S. cities.
Write I if the statement applies to an immigrant.
Write NB for native born if the statement applies to someone born in the USA
1. _____ We left our home and gave up everything to come to this golden land of opportunity. But I
can’t even find a job to pay for food for my family! How will we survive?
2. _____ I’ve lived in this country all my life, but now I’m having trouble finding work because there
foreigners are taking all the jobs!
3. _____ The Americans hate us! My children can’t even go to school because they are treated so badly!
Population changes and growth of cities produced problems in urban areas. Rapid industrialization
and urbanization created overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods.
Ghettos Tenements
Population changes and growth of cities also produced interactions and conflicts between
different cultural groups. Some immigrants were discriminated against and persecuted.
Efforts were made to solve immigration problems. These efforts included…
Settlement Houses Political Organizations
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 17 - Created by Kate Green
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 18 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4c Black Codes
Black Codes were passed to discriminate against African Americans. “Jim Crow” Laws, as they became
known in the 1880s from a popular African American song, made discrimination practices legal in many
communities and states. These laws were characterized by unequal opportunities in…
These new “laws” created segregation between races.
Although segregation was directed primarily against African Americans,
other groups were also kept segregated.
African Americans differed in their responses to discrimination and “Jim Crow” Laws. Two important
African American leaders were Booker Taliaferro Washington and William Edward Burghardt Du Bois.
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
Segregation is…
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 19 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4c The Newcomers: Made in the U.S.A.
Before the Civil War, the United States was very rural. As the United states grew, urban areas
developed. Why would people move from the country to the city?
Use the map and the reasons why cities grew to decide which city developed where it did.
1. This city is located on Lake Michigan which provides easy access for travelers, and easy
access for shipping meat products. ___________________________________
2. This city is located where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers join the Ohio River, which
provides easy access for travelers and easy access for shipping steel products.
___________________________
3. This city is located just north of Lake Erie on a connecting river, which provides easy access
for shipping automobiles. ________________________________
Chicago
Detroit
Pittsburgh
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 20 - Created by Kate Green
Due to advancements in Mechanization, Industrialization, and Transportation, America is changing
from _______________________ to __________________________
As the population increased in the United States, cities began to grow.
Advances in Transportation linked resources, products, and markets
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 21 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4c The Newcomers: Genius At Work
We know safe, effective use of electricity changed life in America.
Why do you think it brought people from small farms and towns to the cities?
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. What has changed in America’s use of the telephone from 1878, when Bell started the first
telephone exchange, to today’s use of telephones?
2. How did electricity and long burning light bulbs affect factories?
3. In your opinion, which invention had the biggest impact on society? Why?
Between the _________ War and _________ _________ I, the United States was transformed
from an agricultural (_________) country to an _________ (urban) nation.
Inventions that Contributed to Great Change and Industrial Growth
Who? Benefits for
Americans:
Benefits for
Americans:
Who?
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 22 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4d From Farm to Factory: The Business of Being Big
As the country grew, so did industries and big businesses. Big businesses are giant money-making
companies. List any “Big Businesses” you can think of.
What were the reasons for the rise of big business and the growth of industry?
Check all that apply.
1. _____ Lack of advertising
2. _____ Limited work force
3. _____ Inventions
4. _____ Raw materials were not readily available
5. _____ National markets created by
transportation advances
6. _____ The cost of production was very high
7. _____ Financial resources
Investigate the following Political Cartoon. Describe what it is about.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 23 - Created by Kate Green
Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States was transformed from an agricultural
(rural) country to an industrial (urban) nation.
Postwar Transformation from Agricultural to Industrial
Why Big Businesses Prospered and What
Helped the Industries Grow
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 24 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4d From Farm to Factory: Captains of Industry
Have you ever played the game monopoly? How does a player win?
What do you learn about business and money from playing monopoly?
On the map Star the cities where the “Captains of Industry” were located.
Describe the Transcontinental Railroad as a Big Business and its Captain of Industry.
Pittsburgh:
Detroit:
New England:
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 25 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4e From Farm to Factory: Little Laborers
What do you think would be some bad things that happened because of the rise of Big Business?
Compare your life now to a working girl’s and boy’s life in the late 1800s. Complete the chart.
You 1800s Girl 1800s Boy
School Hours
(hours and school and hours on
homework)
Work
(what jobs or chores, how much
pay, hours at work)
Play
(what activities and hours spent
playing)
Changes in the workplace were needed because of the
negative effects of industrialization that included…
Child Labor Low Wages and Long Hours Unsafe Working Conditions
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 26 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4e From Farm to Factory: We Will NOT Work
What does it mean to go on strike? Can you think of any companies or groups that have gone on strike?
Circle the correct answer,
1. During the late 1800s, poor workers __________ have wanted unions to
be organized in the workplace. WOULD or WOULD NOT
2. During the late 1800s, rich “Big” Business leaders __________ have wanted
unions to be organized in the workplace. WOULD or WOULD NOT
The effects of industrialization led to the rise of organized labor and important workplace reforms
__________ were created to
represent workers and the
interests of their families. They
tried to create a safe and
profitable working environment
for the workers.
The __________ __________ is an
example of strike that turned deadly. In
1892, a battle erupted at Andrew
Carnegie’s Steel Plant in Pittsburg. The
fight followed a strike which started
because of a wage cut. Many workers were
injured and some were killed.
Picture
Picture
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 27 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4e From Farm to Factory: A Time for Change
Explain five behaviors of someone who has had too much to drink.
Complete the statements with SUPPORTED or OPPOSED.
1. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the manufacture of alcoholic beverages.
2. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the transport of alcoholic beverages.
3. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the sale of alcoholic beverages.
4. Reformers in the Progressive Movement __________ the passage of the 18th Amendment.
The progressives worked to help the poor and control the size and power of
Big Businesses from the 1890s until 1917.
Reforms of the Progressive Movement changed the American workplace.
Industrialization Reforms
Temperance
Movement
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 28 - Created by Kate Green
USII.4e From Farm to Factory: Women and the Vote
At this point in history, are women equal to men? How are men’s rights different than women’s rights?
It’s 1900 in Virginia. A husband and his wife are sitting in their parlor outing together a puzzle. The
wife is a suffragist. The husband opposes women having the right to vote. Color the pieces the wife
would choose pink. Color the pieces the husband would choose blue
The fight for women’s suffrage, or the right to vote, began in the late 1800s. Suffragist believed that
if women had the right to vote, they could use it to gain other rights.
Susan B. Anthony said, “We the people,
formed the Union. Not just we, the
white male
citizens.”
Women are too stupid to vote!
A citizen is a person
in the U.S.
entitled
to vote and hold office.
It’ll be the
end of all family
values if women ever get the right to
vote!
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 29 - Created by Kate Green
Instructions: Using a large piece of construction paper, create a graphic organizer as follows; one on each side. Turn your
construction paper horizontally and fold into quarters. Use your notes to complete with accurate information. After labeling
each box, illustrate to show your understanding of the information.
Grading Criteria: 10 points will be deducted for each missing, incorrectly labeled or incorrectly completed square, including
the titles located in the middle of each graphic organizer.
NATIONAL MARKETS CREATED BY TRANSPORTATION ADVANCES (Transcontinental Railroad)
CAPTIANS OF INDUSTRY: John D. Rockefeller – oil Andrew Carnegie – Steel Henry Ford - automobiles Cornelius Vanderbilt – Shipping & Railroads
ADVERTISEING
LOWER COST PRODUCTION (production costs were less)
ACCESS TO RAW MATERIALS & ENERGY (oil, steel, & others)
AVAILABILITY OF WORK FORCE (people were available to work)
INVENTIONS
FINANCIAL RESOURCES (4 Captains of Industry)
REASONS FOR RISE & PROSPERITY OF BIG BUSINESS
FACTORS RESULTING IN GROWTH OF INDUSTRY
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 30 - Created by Kate Green
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 31 - Created by Kate Green
Progressive Movement Foldable
Women’s Suffrage
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Progressive Movement Work Place
Reform Increased educational opportunities
Worked to Attain voting rights for women
19th Amendment added to the US constitution made voting for women possible
Amendment that banned the selling, manufacturing and transporting of alcoholic beverages in the US.
Women gained the right to vote under the 19th amendment
Work Place Reform
Improved safety conditions
Reduced work house
Placed restrictions on child labor
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 32 - Created by Kate Green
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 33 - Created by Kate Green
Negative effects of
Industrialization
Rise of Organized
Labor
Temperance Movement
Child labor
Low wages, long hours
Unsafe working conditions
Formation of unions: Growth of American Federation of Labor
Strikes: Aftermath of Homestead Strike
Composed of groups opposed to the making and consuming of alcohol
Supported the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 34 - Created by Kate Green
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 35 - Created by Kate Green
US.2-4 Review Grid - Name:___________________________ Block #_____ Date: ______________________
All assignments are due __________________. Choose one assignment from each box – 9 total assignments due!
No more than 2 types of each assignment. Use a computer as needed. Each Assignment is worth 10 points.
Regions/States/Cities
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Advertisement
Make a Presentation
Reconstruction
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Flier
Make a Presentation
Famous People
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Brochure
Make a Presentation
Post Reconstruction
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Banner
Make a Presentation
Western Expansion & Native Americans
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Advertisement
Make a Presentation
Immigration
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Advertisement
Make a Presentation
Big Business & Industry
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Newsletter
Make a Presentation
Segregation
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Flier
Make a Presentation
Progressive Movement
Industry Issues/Solutions, Women’s Suffrage, &
Temperance Movement
Make a Foldable/Flip Book
Make A Game to help you study
Make an Brochure, Advertisement, or
Newsletter
Make a Presentation
If you get finished with 9 assignments for 5 extra points each:
Make information cards to go on the PINK wall
Come up with your own idea with one of the topics you are still not too sure about.
Complete any worksheet in your INB.
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 36 - Created by Kate Green
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.6 – Early 20th Century in the US - 37 - Created by Kate Green
Name: ________________________________________ Block #____ Date: _______________
Progressive Movement Take Home Project
Students are assigned to complete a Progressive Movement Take Home Project. This letter will highlight
the guidelines for this project. Parents please read this letter with your student and sign the section below
indicating that your child is responsible for the project and you are going to help insure that they complete the
assignment. The Project is DUE – _________________________________.
Guidelines:
Choose one of the following topics: I Choose _________________________________
o The Rise of Big Business and
Industrialization
o Child Labor
o Working Conditions
o Rise of Organized Labor
o Women’s Suffrage
o Temperance Movement
Create something for the topic of your choosing.
Examples:
o Foldable
o Poster (no larger than 8.5 X 11 –
Needs to fit in a sheet protector)
o Flip Book
o Report/Story
o Computer Presentation (Please
email the file –
o Your own idea - Please get this
approved
Students you may NOT
o Copy directly from notes, books, the internet or another student
Students Should
o Put information into their OWN words
o Have images/color
o Be Creative & Imaginative
o Ask for Help if they do not understand the assignment or information they read
o Ask for materials if they don’t have things at home to complete the assignment
o Ask for time during their Homeroom/PE/Elective block to work on the project.
o Have accurate information from THREE reference materials (Notebook, Textbook, and one other
source)
Students MUST site their sources at the end or on the back:
- Title, Author, Page #, website address
I understand that my student is responsible for completing this take home assignment, that he/she will
complete this assignment with minimal assistance and will have it turned in on or before the Due Date –
_________________. I also understand that each day the project is late, 5 points will be deducted from the
final grade. If the project is more than 5 school days late it will be counted as a ZERO. This assignment will be
counted as a TEST grade. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Mrs. Green at
[email protected] or 925-5557. When in doubt, ask!
Thank you, Mrs. K. Green Parent/Guardian’s Signature: _____________________________
History and Social Science Standards 2008 – VDOE, SOLPASS.org & Various Images US.4 – Modern America: 1877 to the Early 1900s - 38 - Created by Kate Green
Progressive Movement Take Home Project Rubric
Student: _______________________________ Block: _____ Turned in on: ______________________
Topic: The Rise of Big Business and Industrialization, Child Labor, Working Conditions, Rise of Organized Labor,
Women’s Suffrage, or Temperance Movement Created: ________________________________________
Criteria Points Possible Points Received Teacher Notations
Creation 30
Student’s Own Work/Words 30
Creative/Imaginative/Color 15
Accurate 10
Followed Requirements 10
3 Citations 5
Turned in On Time: -5pts for each school day late
Total Points Received