U.S. HistoryU.S. HistoryChapter 12Chapter 12

Higher Order Thinking Skills Higher Order Thinking Skills

HomeworkHomework

1.1. Summarize President Lincoln’s Summarize President Lincoln’s Reconstruction policiesReconstruction policies

What was Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan?What was Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan? A plan to restore the Union as quickly and A plan to restore the Union as quickly and

painlessly as possible, “Easy Reconstruction”.painlessly as possible, “Easy Reconstruction”. Who proposed the Wade-Davis Bill?Who proposed the Wade-Davis Bill?

A Bill that would have given Congress control of the A Bill that would have given Congress control of the Reconstruction process and allowed the Radical Reconstruction process and allowed the Radical Republicans to punish the Southern States and Republicans to punish the Southern States and ensure their control of the National Government.ensure their control of the National Government.

How did Lincoln deal with the passage of the How did Lincoln deal with the passage of the Wade-Davis Bill?Wade-Davis Bill?

He killed the Bill with a “pocket” veto.He killed the Bill with a “pocket” veto.

2.2. Identify the programs of Johnson’s Identify the programs of Johnson’s Reconstruction policyReconstruction policy

How did Johnson’s plan follow and differ from How did Johnson’s plan follow and differ from Lincoln’s?Lincoln’s?

Johnson wished for a quick and painless Reconstruction much Johnson wished for a quick and painless Reconstruction much as Lincoln had.as Lincoln had.

Johnson refused to allow former Confederate officers and Johnson refused to allow former Confederate officers and wealthy Southern landowners to take the oath of allegiance wealthy Southern landowners to take the oath of allegiance necessary for voting privileges.necessary for voting privileges.

How did the Radical Republicans kill presidential How did the Radical Republicans kill presidential Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

Congress refused to admit the new legislators from the newly Congress refused to admit the new legislators from the newly readmitted Southern States to Congress and passed new laws readmitted Southern States to Congress and passed new laws acting on weaknesses in Johnson’s Reconstruction Planacting on weaknesses in Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 were Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 were examples of this.examples of this.

3.3. Explain Congressional Explain Congressional Reconstruction policiesReconstruction policies

What legislation did moderates and radicals pass in 1866?What legislation did moderates and radicals pass in 1866? Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted African Americans Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted African Americans

citizenship and forbade the use of “Black Codes”.citizenship and forbade the use of “Black Codes”. What was the Reconstruction Act of 1867?What was the Reconstruction Act of 1867?

After the Radical Republicans took over Congress in 1866 After the Radical Republicans took over Congress in 1866 they voted to take over the Reconstruction process and punish they voted to take over the Reconstruction process and punish the Southern States.the Southern States.

Established Martial Law in the South by creating military Established Martial Law in the South by creating military districts and using federal troops to enforce civil liberties for districts and using federal troops to enforce civil liberties for the freed slaves.the freed slaves.

Why was Johnson impeached?Why was Johnson impeached? Violation of the Tenure of Office ActViolation of the Tenure of Office Act

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment passed?Why was the Fifteenth Amendment passed? To grant the former slaves the right to vote, 900,000 African To grant the former slaves the right to vote, 900,000 African

Americans voted for Ulysses S. Grant in 1868.Americans voted for Ulysses S. Grant in 1868.

4.4. Summarize the economic Summarize the economic problems in the Southproblems in the South

What was the economic condition of the South at the What was the economic condition of the South at the end of the Civil War?end of the Civil War?

They suffered from a terrible Depression resulting from the They suffered from a terrible Depression resulting from the devastation of the Civil War.devastation of the Civil War.

What changes in population occurred as a result of the What changes in population occurred as a result of the war?war?

One fifth of adult white males died in the Civil War, many more One fifth of adult white males died in the Civil War, many more were maimed. This presented quite a challenge in rebuilding were maimed. This presented quite a challenge in rebuilding the South after the Civil War.the South after the Civil War.

How did Southern states finance their improvements?How did Southern states finance their improvements? Increasing taxes, which only slowed recovery even further.Increasing taxes, which only slowed recovery even further.

5.5. Identify differences among members of Identify differences among members of the Republican Party in the Souththe Republican Party in the South

What were carpetbaggers and scalawags?What were carpetbaggers and scalawags? Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came south after the Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came south after the

war looking to buy land cheap and take advantage of the war looking to buy land cheap and take advantage of the South’s hardships for their own profit.South’s hardships for their own profit.

Scalawags were southerner’s who supported and assisted Scalawags were southerner’s who supported and assisted Radical Reconstruction, viewed by their neighbors as traitors Radical Reconstruction, viewed by their neighbors as traitors to the South.to the South.

What were the differences among Southern What were the differences among Southern Republicans?Republicans?

Their commitment to civil rights for the former slaver, many Their commitment to civil rights for the former slaver, many Southern Republicans left the party and joined the Southern Southern Republicans left the party and joined the Southern Democrats that eventually instituted the Doctrine of Democrats that eventually instituted the Doctrine of Segregation.Segregation.

6.6. Describe efforts of former slaves to Describe efforts of former slaves to improve their livesimprove their lives

What freedoms were new for former slaves?What freedoms were new for former slaves? Traveling freely, many moved to the Southern Cities to find Traveling freely, many moved to the Southern Cities to find

work.work. VotingVoting Holding Political OfficeHolding Political Office Seeking an educationSeeking an education

Why were so many African-American families separated?Why were so many African-American families separated? To break their spirit and keep them from thinking of freedom To break their spirit and keep them from thinking of freedom

and running away.and running away. How did churches and volunteer groups assist former slaves?How did churches and volunteer groups assist former slaves?

They provided financial and emotional support, they started They provided financial and emotional support, they started schools, and formed community organizations.schools, and formed community organizations.

How did Reconstruction bring African Americans into politics?How did Reconstruction bring African Americans into politics? By allowing the right to Vote, which translated into African By allowing the right to Vote, which translated into African

Americans holding political offices at the local, state, and Americans holding political offices at the local, state, and national levels.national levels.

7.7. Analyze changes in the Southern Analyze changes in the Southern economyeconomy

Why was land important to freed slaves?Why was land important to freed slaves? Agriculture was all that many former slaves new, without land Agriculture was all that many former slaves new, without land

they were forced to become sharecroppers and tenant farmers they were forced to become sharecroppers and tenant farmers for the same people who had owned them previously.for the same people who had owned them previously.

Why did planters need the help of freed slaves?Why did planters need the help of freed slaves? They needed labor for their farms, without the freed slaves They needed labor for their farms, without the freed slaves

they could not develop their land and make money.they could not develop their land and make money. What economic arrangements resulted from planters lacking What economic arrangements resulted from planters lacking

cash?cash? Many freed slaves became tenant farmers and sharecroppersMany freed slaves became tenant farmers and sharecroppers

How did falling cotton prices lead to economic diversification?How did falling cotton prices lead to economic diversification? Textile mills began to pop up in the South as well as a new Textile mills began to pop up in the South as well as a new

Tobacco-product industry (mass production of cigarettes and Tobacco-product industry (mass production of cigarettes and chewing tobacco).chewing tobacco).

8.8. Summarize violent actions by Summarize violent actions by

opponents of Reconstructionopponents of Reconstruction What were the goals and practices of the Ku Klux Klan during What were the goals and practices of the Ku Klux Klan during

Reconstruction?Reconstruction? Their goal was to return the Southern Democratic Party to political Their goal was to return the Southern Democratic Party to political

power in the South.power in the South. They attacked prominent African Americans, Southern They attacked prominent African Americans, Southern

Republicans, and any whites who aided the Black community by Republicans, and any whites who aided the Black community by renting land, purchasing crops, or opening schools.renting land, purchasing crops, or opening schools.

Between 1865 and 1877 thousands of men, women, and children Between 1865 and 1877 thousands of men, women, and children were killed (including the assassination of John Stephens, a white were killed (including the assassination of John Stephens, a white Republican Senator)Republican Senator)

What forms of economic pressure were used by opponents of What forms of economic pressure were used by opponents of Reconstruction?Reconstruction?

Many whites refused to hire or do business with any African Many whites refused to hire or do business with any African Americans who voted the Radical Ticket, without a secret ballot Americans who voted the Radical Ticket, without a secret ballot that was public information.that was public information.

What was the legislative response to violence in the South?What was the legislative response to violence in the South? Congress passed the Enforcement Acts, aimed at using federal Congress passed the Enforcement Acts, aimed at using federal

troops to curtail the violence of the Ku Klux Klan and Southern troops to curtail the violence of the Ku Klux Klan and Southern Democratic Party.Democratic Party.

9.9. Identify political and economic reasons for the shift of Identify political and economic reasons for the shift of power from the Southern Republicans to the power from the Southern Republicans to the Southern DemocratsSouthern Democrats

What weakened the power of the Republican Party?What weakened the power of the Republican Party? The scandal and corruption of the Grant Administration.The scandal and corruption of the Grant Administration.

Why did Republican Reformers back Horace Greeley in the Why did Republican Reformers back Horace Greeley in the election of 1872?election of 1872?

They saw him as a means to get Grant out of office, they were They saw him as a means to get Grant out of office, they were even joined by the Democrat Party which also nominated even joined by the Democrat Party which also nominated Greeley for President in 1872.Greeley for President in 1872.

How did the Panic of 1873 affect the nation?How did the Panic of 1873 affect the nation? 3 Million workers became unemployed, the stock market 3 Million workers became unemployed, the stock market

collapsed, businesses failed.collapsed, businesses failed. Why did people want to return to a gold standard?Why did people want to return to a gold standard?

It would lessen the amount of money in circulation, which It would lessen the amount of money in circulation, which economists believed would increase the value of money and economists believed would increase the value of money and drive prices on goods down.drive prices on goods down.

Farmers of the South and West supported a monetary policy Farmers of the South and West supported a monetary policy based on “Easy Money” which would depart from the Gold based on “Easy Money” which would depart from the Gold Standard by printing more paper money and coining silver.Standard by printing more paper money and coining silver.

10.10. Identify reasons for the collapse of Identify reasons for the collapse of Congressional Reconstruction.Congressional Reconstruction.

How did the Supreme Court undermine support for Reconstruction?How did the Supreme Court undermine support for Reconstruction? The The Slaughterhouse CasesSlaughterhouse Cases stated that the 14 stated that the 14thth Amendment Amendment

only applied to Federal Rights (interstate travel, protection on the only applied to Federal Rights (interstate travel, protection on the high seas, etc.)high seas, etc.)

U.S. v. CruikshankU.S. v. Cruikshank stated that the Federal Government could stated that the Federal Government could not punish individual whites that oppressed African Americans.not punish individual whites that oppressed African Americans.

U.S. v. ReeseU.S. v. Reese stated that the 15 stated that the 15thth Amendment only stated that Amendment only stated that the right to vote could not be denied on the basis of race, it could the right to vote could not be denied on the basis of race, it could still be denied on other grounds (literacy tests and poll taxes)still be denied on other grounds (literacy tests and poll taxes)

How did economic concerns undermine support for Reconstruction?How did economic concerns undermine support for Reconstruction? Northerners simply became more concerned with the effects of Northerners simply became more concerned with the effects of

the Panic of 1873 and the economic cooperation between North the Panic of 1873 and the economic cooperation between North and South than they were about the civil rights of African and South than they were about the civil rights of African Americans.Americans.

11.11. Explain the achievements and Explain the achievements and failures of Reconstruction failures of Reconstruction

How did Reconstruction come to an end?How did Reconstruction come to an end? Federal Troops were removed from the South as the result of the Federal Troops were removed from the South as the result of the

“Compromise of 1877” and the “Old South” returned to business as “Compromise of 1877” and the “Old South” returned to business as usual.usual.

How did Hayes get elected President even though he lost the popular How did Hayes get elected President even though he lost the popular vote?vote?

He gained enough support in the House of Representatives to get He gained enough support in the House of Representatives to get placed in office, mainly due to his promise to remove federal troops placed in office, mainly due to his promise to remove federal troops and end Radical Reconstruction.and end Radical Reconstruction.

What happened to Northern support for Reconstruction?What happened to Northern support for Reconstruction? They were simply not interested anymore, the Panic of 1873 and the They were simply not interested anymore, the Panic of 1873 and the

scandal of the Grant Administration had worn down Northern scandal of the Grant Administration had worn down Northern commitment to Reconstruction.commitment to Reconstruction.

What is the legacy of Reconstruction?What is the legacy of Reconstruction? Reunification of the NationReunification of the Nation A short period of Civil Rights for African AmericansA short period of Civil Rights for African Americans Foundation for Civil Rights was laid (13Foundation for Civil Rights was laid (13thth, 14, 14thth, and 15, and 15thth Amendments Amendments

were ratified.were ratified.