U.S. Expansion

HG 8.8I Can:___ Summarize the impact of the Northwest Ordinance on expansion

___ Identify the parts of the Northwest Ordinance___ Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny___ Identify different sections of land acquisition and how they were acquired

___ Louisiana Purchase___ Lewis and Clark- Corp of Discovery

___ Florida___ Texas___ Oregon___ Mexican Lands

___ Analyze American conquest___ Texas War of Independence___ Mexican American War

___ Impact on Native Americans___ Removal and Reservations

United States Expansion

The United States in 1783 all land was granted under the Treaty of Paris

The United States in 1800

Northwest Ordinance

• First expansion into a territory• Territory divided into smaller

sections (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan)

• Could apply for statehood when they reached 60,000 people

• All rights must be guaranteed in a state constitution

• No Slavery is allowed

Manifest Destiny

• Obvious Fate • Was America’s

right and duty to spread across North America

• Our responsibility to bring our great culture from sea to shining sea

What do you see?

Louisiana Purchase- 1803

Louisiana Purchase- Situation

• France owns the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, including New Orleans.

• Jefferson wants to secure trading on the Mississippi River for western farmers. France owns the Port city of New Orleans, they could close the port to American traders.

• What should Jefferson do?

What action should the U.S. take?

• A. Offer to buy the city of New Orleans from France so that American farmers can export their goods from that port.

• B. Threaten to go to war if France does not hand over New Orleans.

• C. Offer to buy all of the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, so that the French are no longer a threat to the United States.

Answer- C• Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to

buy New Orleans. Napoleon of France decided he would sell the whole territory since he needed the money to pay for a war with Britain.

• America signs a treaty that doubles the size of the United States for less than 3 cents an acre. France is no longer in North America.

• If you choose correctly you can move into the Louisiana Territory

Corp of Discovery- Lewis and Clark

• Purpose- Make friendly contact with Indians, find a Northwest Passage, find out what we bought.

• Dangers and Issues- Indians, Nature, River, Mountains, Winter, Starvation

• What made it possible? Sacagawea, Indians, Leadership

British Cession 1818

• After Louisiana was purchased the British agreed to give the U.S. land in present day Wisconsin and make the northern border of the United States the 49th parallel. Oregon country would also be shared.

British Cession

Florida - 1819

Florida- Situation

• Florida was owned by Spain. Slaves in Georgia have been escaping and living in Florida. Seminole Indians living in Florida have been raiding settlers lands.

• In 1818 James Monroe sends Andrew Jackson down to stop the Indian raids. He was told not to go into Florida. He goes against his orders and leads troops into the Spanish colony. He took over every Spanish outpost and replaced their governor with an American. Spain demanded he be punished.

What action should the U.S. take?

• A. Use military force to take Florida from Spain since Andrew Jackson’s invasion proves that Spain’s army is weak.

• B. Apologize to Spain for Jackson’s invasion. Send troops to patrol the border between Florida and the United States to prevent raids by Indians and Runaway slaves.

• C. Offer to buy Florida in order to avoid war with Spain

Answer- C

• “Govern or Get Out”• President Monroe sent Spain a blunt message.

The message was either govern Florida properly or leave.

• Fearful of war, Spain agreed to yield Florida if the U.S. gave them 5 million dollars

• If you choose correctly you can move into the Florida Territory

Texas - 1845

Texas - Situation• Americans move into Texas. Texas is a

territory of Mexico. All American settlers must become Mexican citizens, be Catholic and use Spanish in official documents.

• The success of Austin’s colony attracts many settlers. These settlers wanted to govern themselves, practice their own religion, and bring their slaves. Mexico did not allow slavery

• Mexico stops any further American settlement

• American settlers led by Stephen Austin call for an independent Texas

Texas War of Independence• Mexican General and President, Santa Anna, went to

crush the rebellion.• The Alamo- Texans were surrounded by Mexican troops

at an old Spanish mission- Santa Anna kills all of the Alamo’s defenders.

• Sam Houston out smarts the larger Mexican army and defeats Santa Anna at the battle of San Jacinto.

• Texas won their Independence and became the Lone Star Republic, but Mexico did not accept the loss.

• After 10 years most Texans want to become part of the United States. If Texas joins the U.S., Mexico would be angered.

What action should the U.S. take?

• A. Let Texas remain an independent country. Try to establish good relations with Texas, and avoid angering Mexico

• B. Annex Texas to the United States and risk war with Mexico.

• C. Make a treaty with Mexico agreeing to split Texas between the two countries.

Answer- B

• President James Polk was a strong believer in Manifest Destiny.

• Congress voted to annex Texas• Mexico was angered

• If you choose correctly you can move into Texas

Oregon Country- 1846

Oregon- Situation• Oregon was claimed by both

the U.S. and Great Britain. Both countries agreed to joint occupation.

• A pass through the Rocky Mountains was discovered. Pioneers started to poor through the mountains to claim the fertile land

• President Polk wanted to annex all of the Oregon Territory- “fifty-four forty or fight”

What action should the U.S. take?

• A. Annex all of Oregon to the United States and risk war with Britain.

• B. Offer to sell Oregon to Britain in order to increase the money in the United States Treasury.

• C. make a treaty with Britain agreeing to divide Oregon between the two countries

Option- C

• The nation was divided. People in the east did not want risk war over Oregon. People in the west wanted all of Oregon

• Polk decides to split the land with Great Britain with a treaty. The U.S. senate approves, both countries our satisfied without spilling a drop of blood.

• If you choose correctly then you can move into Oregon

Mexico Cession- 1848

Mexico Cession- Situation• Mexico and Texans shot at each other over a border

dispute. Mexico believed that the border should be the Nueces River and not the Rio Grande River which was 150 miles farther South

• Polk seizes the opportunity and asks congress to declare war

• New Mexico quickly falls into the hands of the U.S.• California stages their own rebellion and become the

“Bear Flag Republic”.• The U.S. Invades Mexico, they are quickly defeated.

What action should the U.S. take?

• A. Apologize for invading Mexico, offer to buy California and New Mexico, and except the Nueces River as the border between Mexico and Texas.

• B. Demand that Mexico recognize the Rio Grande as the border of Texas and cede California and New Mexico to the United States.

• C. Annex all of Mexico to the United States because it is weak after losing the Mexican War.

Option- B• The United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of

Guadalupe Hidalgo• Mexico gave up half of it’s territory. In return the U.S.

paid Mexico 15 million dollars. The U.S. gains an area that includes California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

• If you choose correctly then you can move into the Mexico Cession

“From Sea to Shining Sea”

• Gadsden Purchase- a few years after the Mexican-American War the U.S. purchases land just south of the Mexican Cession for a railroad. The cost was 10 million dollars. The United States fulfilled it’s “Manifest Destiny”

Manifest Destiny Puppet Show• Your group is responsible for

creating a puppet show on Manifest Destiny. Groups will be created to review each of the land acquisitions. Shows should be 3-5 minutes long.

• Each group must include the following terms in their presentation.

• Louisiana Purchase- Thomas Jefferson, Louisiana Territory, New Orleans, Mississippi River, France, Lewis and Clark

• Florida- Spain, Andrew Jackson, Runaway Slaves, Seminole Indians

• Texas- Stephen Austin, Mexico, Alamo, Lone Star Republic, annexation, Polk

• Oregon- Britain, 49th parallel, pioneers, treaty

• Mexican Cession- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Rio Grande, California, Gadsden, Bear Flag Republic