Urban Sustainability - Presentation

8/6/2019 Urban Sustainability - Presentation

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URBAN SUSTAINABILITYVISIONS & PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS

Master Thesis

A Case Study of HCMC

Supervisors: Prof. Kosta Mathey & Prof. Michael SchmidtPresented by student: Thuy Duong Pham

HCMC, August 2011



Outline

1. Introduction

2. Approach & Methodology

3. Urban Sustainability Visions

4. Urban Sustainability & Public Perceptions

5. Conclusions & Recommendations

Pham Thuy Duong - Urban Sustainability - Visions & Public Perceptions 2



1. Introduction

The fate of our cities is the fate of the Earth (Callenbach)


CITY

Materials

Waste

Pollution

Heat

Noise

Food

Energy

Water

Goods

INPUT (Sources) THROUGHPUT(Processes)

OUTPUT (Sinks)

City as an open, linear and unsustainable system



1. Introduction




1. Introduction


What make a livable and sustainable city?

How do people perceive urban sustainability?

How do people envision their dream cities?



Outline

1. Introduction








2 .1 Approach


Backcasting(Source: The Natural Step, http://www.naturalstep.org/backcasting)



2 .1 Approach


Backcasting and other different perspectives used in planning(adapted from Outhwaite 2009)

Why vision?



2 .1 Approach


Systems thinking

help design smart, enduring solutionsto problems

gives a more accurate picture of reality

encourages us to think about problems and solutionswith an eye toward the long-term and bigger view

(Photo source: Odyssey Transform )



2 . 2 Methodology

Ma in Rese arc h Questions

M ethodology

Do c umentRese arc h

Questionn a ir eInte rv iewOnline

SurveyOfflineSurvey

How do experts envision a sustainable city?

What make a sustainable city?

How do people envision their desirable cities?

What are their perceptions on urbansustainability?

Among many aspects of urban development,what matter most to them?

Global

175

HCMC52

HCMC¶s

slumdwellers

57

What are public perceptions on current urbandevelopment in HCMC?

HCMC

26


Rese arc h questions & methodology



2 . 2 Methodology


UrbanSustainability

Visions

DocumentResearch

PublicPerceptions

Global Online

Survey

Surveys in

HCMC

Interviews of Slum-dwellers

Questionnaires(online/offline)

Thesis methodology flowchart



Outline

1. Introduction








3 . Urban Sustainability Visions


Principles for Sustainability ² The Earth Charter

Respect and Care for the Community of Life

To respect Earth and life in all its diversity;

To care for the community of life with understanding,compassion and love;

To build democratic societies that are just, sustainable,

participatory and peaceful; and

To secure Earth's bounty and beauty for present and future generations.





Principles for Sustainability-Systems Thinking

The real system is interconnected.

� Celebrate complexity and respect diversity.

� At the system level, the overwhelming force innature is c oope ra tion (symbiosis), not competition.

� Caring for the whole mostly means caring for futuregenerations ± for our children.

� See the big picture ± to understand and act upon theinterconnectedness of all things ± to operate in harmony withothers and with nature.

(Painting by Meganne Forbes)





Principles for Sustainability

Balance & Equity

Au thenticity

Resilience

Incl u

siveness

(Source: Japan for Sustainability)



3 .1 Ecological balance


City as a regenerative system

with circular metabolism

INPUT (Sources)Reduced Consumption

and Increased Efficiency

THROUGHPUT(Processes)

OUTPUT (Sinks)Reduced Pollution &

Waste

RenewableResources

Renewable Energy

Regenerative Water

Waste

PollutionCITYCITY

Recycle

organic wastes

Recycled

materials, water




� Combine urban functions

� Synergies betweendifferent subsystems

� Solving problemssimultaneously


Urban functions(housing,

industries,services )

Wastemanagement

Energy

Landscapeplanning

Architecture &master

planning

Traffic &transport

Water supply& sanitation

SymbioCity

Building blocks of SymbioCity(adapted from SymbioCity Sweden)




Bring nature back into city

Green spaces

� provide shading

� filter the air

� enrich urban biodiversity

� make bioclimate comfort

� lower energy use for cooling


Hundertwasser House, Vienna(Source: Forest & Bird Webblog)



3 . 2 Towards a low-carbon economy

P rinciples for a low-carbon society (J apan M OE)

(1) Carbon minimization in all sectors

(2) Shifting from mass consumption society toward simpler lifestyles that realize richer quality of life

(3) Coexistence with Nature - maintaining and restoringnatural environment

T hree key sectors: transportation & urban structure,energy and greenery




3 . 2 Towards a low-carbon economy³ It¶s bu siness as u s u al that¶s the u topian fantasy, while

creating something very new and different is the pragmatic way forward.´ James G u stave Speth

T he p r ope r pu r pose of an economy is to secure just,sustainable, and joyful livelihoods for all (David Kosten).

A hum a ne e c onomy : social responsible enterprises whichhave safe working conditions for labours, reasonableworking time, holidays and decent wages.

A g r een e c onomy : green business with environmentalconsciousness, energy and resource saving, usingrenewable energies, local and natural materials.




3 . 2 A Green Economy (UNEP)

recognizes the value of, and invests in, Natural Capital.

creates jobs and enhances social equity.

substitutes renewable energy and low-carbontechnologies for fossil fuels.

promotes enhanced resource and energy efficiency.

delivers more sustainable urban living and low-carbonmobility






More lively urbanneighborhoods

Betterneighborhoodaccessibility

More efficient in termsof energy/cost/time

Highersecurity

More socialinteraction

Socialequity

Lesscongestion

Betterhealth

Saferroads

Low-carbon

Transport System

More walking& cycling

More publictransport

Use of ITS

Less privatevehicles

Less noise &air pollution

Benefits of a low-carbon transport system (based on the CATCH factsheet series)





Cycling in Copenhagen (Source: Liveable Copenhagen and more)




Energy conservation&

renewable energy


Zero emission home (Source: ZED and METI)





ICT applications for a low-carbon city

SMART&CONNECTED

CITY

E-GovernmentE-Commerce

E-Health

E-Services

OnlineMedia

SmartLogisticsSmart

Buildings

Smart Grids

Teleworking

Paperlessoffice

E-learning



3 . 3 Social & Cultural Sustainability


Cultural CapitalTraditions

EthicsArts & Creativity

RecreationHistory & heritageCustom & lifestyle

Spiritual valuesSense of Place

Social CapitalSocial networks Inclusiveness

Shared knowledge Diversity Understandings CompassionMutual trust CareConnectedness SharingSocial cohesion PeaceSolidarity Equity

Sense of Community

PUBLIC SPACES

CommunicationParticipationInteraction

Empowerment

VolunteerismCommunity gardens

Life-long educationCommon houses

Festivals, Community celebration

Social and

culturalintertwineddimensions of urbansustainability





A Metropolis for P eople - P ublic spaces and urban life (Source: www.kk.dk)





Why Values Matter (Source: Common Cause Handbook)




Justice and compassion spring from the hearts of people whorecognize our profound interdependence and interrelatednesswith one another and the Earth (Lamborn).





Systems Intelligence in Everyday Life


A philosophy of life, a way out of egocentricity.

Systems approach starts when you see the world throughthe eyes of another person.

* Appreciation * No judgements* Interest * Humor * Listening

*

Thanking*

Encouragement*

Friendliness Systems Intelligence is about the betterment and

improvement of human life.



3 .4 Good governance


State(Government)

Civil Society(NGOs,

Communitygroups)

Private

Sector(Businesses)

GOVERNANCE

T hree interrelated actors of governance



3 .4 Good governance


GoodGovernance

Accountable

Transparent

Responsive

Equitable

&InclusiveEffective&

Efficient

Follows therule of law

Participatory

Consensusoriented

(Source: UNESCAP)Key attributes of good governance



Outline

1. Introduction








4. Public Perceptions4.1 Results from global online survey

https://sites.google.com/site/sustainabilityvision/urban-survey




4.1 Global online surveyProfile of respondents (total 175 resp., 35% male and 65% female)


2%

58%

29%

7% 3% 2%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

< 18 18-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60

A sia Europe North A mericaBangladesh 1 Albania 3 Canada 5India 6 Austria 3 USA 20Indonesia 1 Belgium 2Japan 5 Czech 1 L atin A mericaJordan 1 Denmark 1 Brazil 2Kazakhstan 1 Estonia 1 Costa Rica 1Kuwait 1 Finland 4 Ecuador 1

Malaysia 1 France 1 Mexico 2Myanmar 1 Germany 34Philippines 1 Ireland 1Saudi Arabia 1 Italy 1Singapore 2 Kosovo 2Thailand 3 Netherlands 3Vietnam 44 Romania 2

Russia 2Af rica Spain 1Zimbabwe 1 Sweden 1

Switzerland 2A ustralia Ukraine 1Australia 6

1.14%

1.14%

1.71%

2.29%2.86%

4.57%

6.29%

7.43%

11.43%

13.71%

17.71%

29.71%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

MediaServices - Entertainment

Banking - FinanceAgriculture - ForestryMedical - Health care

GovernmentICTs

Non-profit, NGOsEngineering - IndustryEducation - Academic

OtherEnvironment - Conservation

P rofile of respondents byprofessional sector

Respondents¶ distribution by countryP rofile of respondents by

age



4.1 Global online survey


17.71%

24.57%

19.43%

16.00%

17.71%

2.86%

1.71%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

< 10,000

10,000-100,000

100,000-500,000

500,000- 1 million

1 - 5 millions

5 - 10 millions

> 10 millions

Respondents¶ choice on the population of their dream city

City size - Population




A city with sense of place


Respondents¶ perception on sense of place

51.43%

62.29%

63.43%

69.71%

71.43%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Local food and tradition

Sense of community

Culture and historic preservation

Urban designs

Local biodiversity and natural landscape




A human friendly city


Respondents¶ perception on a human friendly city

71.43%

72.00%

86.86%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Open-minded and helpful people

Having great public spaces

Embracing cultural diversity

I love cities where people give you hospitality, synergies... Cities, where people shows love and optimism on their faces... I alsolove to have big or very big green spaces in city. I t s so kind to see people of different ages and different social classes, all together. Because it doesn't matter if you are a poor or a rich one, life is a miracle and everyone have the full right to enjoy it.....

(F, 18-30, Tirana, Albania)




A green city


Respondents¶ perception on a green city

72.57%

86.29%

87.43%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fresh air and clean water

Urban gardens, plant pots on balconies, green roofs

Many parks in the city, lots of trees on the streets

abundant local food crops growncommonly in public spaces

(F, 31-40, Berkeley)

buildings that are covered in greenery green façade, vertical gardens and fly-over

gardens

(F, 18-30, New York)




A regenerative city


Respondents¶ perception on a regenrative city

72.00%

74.86%

75.43%

82.29%

82.29%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Rainwater harvesting

Energy conservation and energy efficiency

Green buildings using local, renewable materials

Renewable energies

Separating and recycling/composting wastes

W aste treatment is one of the most important issues nowadays and it should be applied in every city. As anincentive to separate the waste, Germany got it with the system of "pfand": a small charge when you buy bottlesof glass or plastic and you get the money back when you give back the bottles. I t can alienate poverty a little, it encourages the waste separation and millions of bottles are reused (for plastic bottles, it's a rare thing!!).

(F, 18-30, Cottbus, Germany)




A smart and connected city


Respondents¶ perception on a smart and connected city

54.86%

67.43%

72.57%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Use of ICT, GPS in trafficmanagement, lighting systems

E-governance

Active citizen participation in decision- making




A bicycle friendly city with walkable neighborhoods


Respondents¶ perception on sustainable urban mobility

51.43%

69.71%

72.57%

75.43%

87.43%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Car sharing or car rental models

Pedestrianised downtown

Bicycles for short distances

Services, transport stations in walkable distances

Diverse and efficient public transit

Less cars and more green spaces! Social, cultural, leisureinfrastructure for everybody, not only in the city center!

(M, 31-40, Bremen, Germany)




An interesting city


Respondents¶ perception on an interesting city

65.14%

74.29%

76.00%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

A city of innovations and creativity

Lively urban life

Community arts, music, dance and celebrationsare fostered

A city that enables (young) people to start their small and mediumsized enterprises or projects - small shops, local products, local art productions...

(M, 18-30, Bern, Switzerla

nd)




A just and inclusive city


Respondents¶ perception on a just and inclusive city

73.71%

74.86%

88.00%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Good health care and public services areaccessible to all

Good quality, affordable housing available forthe poor.

Education and job opportunities for all.Assistance for people with disability.

W ell I guess better cities is where people are treated the same and have equal opportunities. I t is the city where justice is not in the hand of a particular person, it iswhere a law goes over everyone no matter who he is or from where he comes from.

(F, 18-30, Amman, Jordan)




Some respondents· ideas on their desirable city


I 'm a public librarian. I think places like public libraries are vital tohealthy cities. W e grant people of diverse ages, social and economicbackgrounds the opportunity a shared space for cultural enrichment, educational advancement and the evolution of community.

(F, 18-30, Philadelphia, USA)

No cars/only public transport (generated by renewableenergies), cradle to grave - management concerning products, general environmental awareness among citizens, urban gardening all alongcity (everyone responsible for own food)

(F, 18-30, Berlin, Germany)

Decentralization: Local government is fully and independently responsible for governing and managinglocal city with meaningful participation of its own people.

(F, 18-30, Chiang Mai, Thailand)




Respondents· perception on the significance of urban aspects


3.379

3.444

3.740

3.753

3.844

3.846

4.145

4.349

0 1 2 3 4 5

History and culture

Urban design

Lively urban life

Economic opportunities

Sense of community

Good governance

Nature and green

Good public services, health

Respondents¶ perception on the significance of various urban aspects[Scale of 1 (least important) - 5 (most important)]




Respondents· perception on the significance of urban aspects


Safety and good governance, equity, and jobopportunities are of great importance to me.(F, 31-40,

Mexico City)

For me, the people in the community are taking charge of their own spiritual and material development and are contributingto the process of decision making, change etc.

(F, 18-30, Melaka, Malaysia)

Unfortunately nothing else matters when deciding in which city I live than a job :/ But naturally if I would not need to think of a job, the other matters would become more important. (F, 31-40, Ciudad

Colon, Costa Rica)

A city where I want to live the most is close to my family, relatives and friends. I t should close to the beach, or mountain, or fountain, forest, the field, farm...

(F, 18-30, Bien Hoa, Vietnam)



4. 2 Results from survey in HCMC4. 2 .1 Results from online and offline questionnaires

Profile of respondents: Total: 78 responses, in which 26 onlineand 52 offline respondents , (50% male and 50% female).


32.05%35.90%

8.97%

16.67%

6.41%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

18-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60

Architect9%

Business9%

Education21%

Engineering29%

Office14%

Other

14%

Services4%

P rofile of respondents by age and professional sector



4. 2 Results from survey in HCMC4. 2 .1 Results from online and offline questionnaires

City size - Population


8.97%

61.54%

29.49%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

< 500,000

500,000 - 1 million

> 1 million

Respondents¶ choice on the population of their desirable city



4. 2 Results from survey in HCMC

People·s responses on characteristics of a desirable city

50

C h arac te r isti c s of a desi rab le c ityLike v e r ymu c h Like

Don¶tcar e

Don¶tknow

(?)

Don¶tlike

1. Many gardens, parks, trees on the streets 86% 14 %

2. Urban designs are harmonious with naturallandscape and surroundings.

65% 35%

3. Urban heritages are well preserved. 56% 33 % 9%

4. Original, having identity. 63% 32 % 5%

5. Sense of place, sense of belonging(landscape, people, gastronomy, culture«)

55% 40 % 4% 1%




51


Don¶tcar e

Don¶tknow

(?)

Don¶tlike

6. Strong community sense, supporting andloving community

71% 28% 1%

7. Friendly and open-minded people. Diversity

and differences are respected.58% 35% 8%

8. Many public spaces for community activities,cultural and social exchanges«

49% 47% 4%

9. Interesting urban life, many entertainment andrecreational areas, theatres, restaurants«

42 % 49% 6% 1%

10 . Slumless. City has good quality socialhousing program. Everybody has a decent placeto live.

51% 41 % 6%




52


Don¶tcar e

Don¶tknow

(?)

Don¶tlike

11 . Social justice: Every citizen is respected and treatedequally. Inclusive city which cares for the marginal groupsand has policies to assist the poor, people with disability,especially in terms of accessibility to education, healthcare and job opportunities«

65% 33 % 1%

12 . A humane economy: social responsible enterpriseswhich have safe working conditions for labors, reasonable working time, holidays and decentwages

54% 37% 6% 1%

13 . A green economy: green business with environmentalconsciousness, energy and resource saving, usingrenewable energies, local and natural materials.

51% 38% 6% 4%

14 . E-governance: more transparent, effective andresponsive, increasing interaction between citizens and

decision-makers. P ublic and administrative services aremade quickly by internet.

47% 40 % 9% 3% 1%




53


Don¶tcar e

Don¶tknow

(?)

Don¶tlike

15. Wastes are classified, then go for composting or recycling

59% 36% 1% 1%

16. Urban designs encourage rainwater infiltration toreplenish groundwater and mitigate urban flood.

Rainwater harvesting can also be done at householdscales.

64% 22 % 6% 8%

17. Diverse, developed and convenient publictransportation system.

69% 29% 1%

18. P edestrianized downtown. Encouraging bicyclingculture (healthy, environmental friendly, energy saving,less traffic).

58% 29% 12 % 1%

19. Urbanization is controlled. Good urban planning,preserving farm land, green spaces for microclimate

regulation.

49% 42 % 5% 4%




What people like best about Saigon


Family, friends

Friendly

dynamic

Job, educationopportunities

diverse urban life





overloaded infrastructure,bad transport system.

noise, wastes, lack of green,bad planninglow public awareness

traffic jam, pollution

urban flooding

What people do not like most about Saigon





Respondents¶s evaluation of HCMCperformance on various urban aspects

3.99

4.16

4.53

4.97

5.07

5.21

5.30

5.56

5.90

5.95

6.44

6.45

6.53

8.23

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Environmental qualityTransportation

Urban management

Infrastructure

Social justice

Green and public spaces

Urban heritage conservation

Identity

Architecture, designs, landscape

Sense of community, supporting

Health care

EducationOpenness and friendliness

Job opportunities, economic

[Scale of 1 (bad) - 10 (excellent)]





4. 2 . 2 Results from interviews in slum areas

Locations of the fieldwork study at slum areas in Ho Chi Minh City



15.79%

19.30%

31.58%

33.33%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Hired labors, workers

Small business (informal

Housewives

Other (jobless, retired )

4. 2 Results from interviews in slums


Total 57 interviewees (75% female and 25% male)

15.79%14.04%

22.81%26.32%

21.05%

0%

10%

20%

30%

16-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60

P rofile of respondentsby age

P rofile of respondentsby occupation











0

1

2

3

12

16

22

31

49

74

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

History and culture

Urban design

Nature and green spaces

Urban life, entertainment, recreation

Urban

No flooding

Public services, health care and education

Sense of community

Safety, security

Economic opportunities



Slum-dwellers and the urban aspects that matter most to them

[Sum of points on priority, top 1st = 3 points, 2nd = 2 points, 3rd = 1 point]

Interviewees¶priorities on top3 of urbanaspects matter most to them



Outline

1. Introduction








5 . Conclusions & Recommendations


Ecologicalbalance

Cultural

vitality

Socialinclusion

Low-carboneconomy

GoodGovernance

Dimensions of Urban Sustainability



5 . Recommendations for HCMC

P overty alleviation, affordable housing, public empowerment

Better public transportation system

Better urban planning, consideration of climate

change, preservation of farm lands and green spacesBetter waste management

� Encouraging clean and renewable energies

C a p ac ity b uilding, pu b lic a w ar eness ra ising a ndedu ca tion fo r sust a in ab ility




Documents

Urban Sustainability - Presentation