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Urban Sustainability in Urban Sustainability in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

Darlene Messina, Coordinator: Darlene Messina, Coordinator: Environmental and Urban Sustainability Environmental and Urban Sustainability Initiatives (EUSI), Managing Directors Initiatives (EUSI), Managing Directors

OfficeOffice

Thomas Weir, Chief of Program Services, Thomas Weir, Chief of Program Services, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia Department of Public Health,

Air Management ServicesAir Management Services

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What is Urban Sustainability?What is Urban Sustainability?

• Planning for development with the goal of Planning for development with the goal of meeting current needs equitably, while meeting current needs equitably, while taking steps to ensure that taking steps to ensure that adequate adequate resourcesresources are available for future are available for future generations. generations. – Natural environmentNatural environment– Public healthPublic health– Economic futureEconomic future– Individual and Collective decision-makingIndividual and Collective decision-making

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Climate Change Importance in Climate Change Importance in PhillyPhilly

• It is estimated that cities may be responsible for It is estimated that cities may be responsible for up to 75% of total GHG emissionsup to 75% of total GHG emissions

• Philadelphia is below average in terms of each Philadelphia is below average in terms of each citizen’s contribution to GHG, but there are still citizen’s contribution to GHG, but there are still many ways we can make citywide reductionsmany ways we can make citywide reductions

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Philadelphia’s Progress & Philadelphia’s Progress & Assets Toward SustainabilityAssets Toward Sustainability

• Cities for Climate Protection Program: International Council for Cities for Climate Protection Program: International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) – In 1999, the City agreed to Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) – In 1999, the City agreed to a goal to reduce greenhouse gases by 10% from 1990 levels. a goal to reduce greenhouse gases by 10% from 1990 levels.

• U.S. Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement (U.S. Conference of U.S. Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement (U.S. Conference of Mayors) –In 2005, the City agreed to a goal to reduce greenhouse Mayors) –In 2005, the City agreed to a goal to reduce greenhouse gases in line with the U.S. target under the Kyoto Protocol, 7% from gases in line with the U.S. target under the Kyoto Protocol, 7% from 1990 levels. .2nd step CCAP – draft1990 levels. .2nd step CCAP – draft

• Large Cities Climate Leadership Group (William J. Clinton Large Cities Climate Leadership Group (William J. Clinton Foundation) – In 2006, the City committed to action to reduce urban Foundation) – In 2006, the City committed to action to reduce urban carbon emissions and adapt to climate change (C-40).carbon emissions and adapt to climate change (C-40).

• Categorical Progress – however, it has not been fully integrated into Categorical Progress – however, it has not been fully integrated into comprehensive Citywide plan. comprehensive Citywide plan.

• Good marks on SustainLane report, but there is much room for Good marks on SustainLane report, but there is much room for improvementimprovement

• Network of advocacy groups, and public and private investment in Network of advocacy groups, and public and private investment in sustainability issues. sustainability issues.

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Philadelphia SustainlanePhiladelphia Sustainlane

• Philadelphia got Philadelphia got highest marks highest marks for Local Food for Local Food and Agriculture, and Agriculture, Green Economy, Green Economy, City Commuting, City Commuting, Energy/Climate Energy/Climate Change Policy, Change Policy, and Metro Public and Metro Public Transit Transit

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Sustainability: Climate Change, Sustainability: Climate Change, Ecosystems and HealthEcosystems and Health

Human Impacts on Local Climate and Air QualityHuman Impacts on Local Climate and Air Quality

• University of Southern California Study – Traffic pollution University of Southern California Study – Traffic pollution harms children’s lungs: Children who live within 500 harms children’s lungs: Children who live within 500 meters of a freeway have substantial and permanent meters of a freeway have substantial and permanent deficits in lung function as they mature. The adverse deficits in lung function as they mature. The adverse effects of local traffic exposure on lung development is effects of local traffic exposure on lung development is independent of the adverse effect of regional pollutants. independent of the adverse effect of regional pollutants. January 26 Online First issue of January 26 Online First issue of The LancetThe Lancet. .

• New England Journal of Medicine Study – Cities with New England Journal of Medicine Study – Cities with higher PM2.5 levels from autos and power plants adds higher PM2.5 levels from autos and power plants adds greater heart risk for older women. greater heart risk for older women. February 1, 2007February 1, 2007

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report – global warming impacts in 21global warming impacts in 21stst century “would very likely century “would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20be larger than those observed during the 20thth century…" century…" February 2007February 2007

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Diesels and Climate ChangeDiesels and Climate Change

• In the United StatesIn the United States– Trucking accounts for 60 percent of freight Trucking accounts for 60 percent of freight

energy use, consuming 2.3 million barrels of energy use, consuming 2.3 million barrels of oil per day in 2000.oil per day in 2000.

– Energy used per ton-mile has shown only Energy used per ton-mile has shown only modest improvement over the last several modest improvement over the last several decades.decades.

– Diesel trucks emit approximately 7 percent of Diesel trucks emit approximately 7 percent of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gas emissions (5 percent in Philadelphia)(5 percent in Philadelphia)

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Reductions in Fuel UseReductions in Fuel Use

• Significant reductions in heavy –duty fuel Significant reductions in heavy –duty fuel consumption can be achieve through new consumption can be achieve through new and existing technologies.and existing technologies.

• Wal-mart announced a broad fuel Wal-mart announced a broad fuel consumption improvement program that is consumption improvement program that is expected to double the energy efficiency expected to double the energy efficiency of its commercial truck fleet.of its commercial truck fleet.

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The InventoryThe Inventory

• Philadelphia County onlyPhiladelphia County only

• Includes all fuels used – vehicles, heating, Includes all fuels used – vehicles, heating, industrial processesindustrial processes

• Includes all electricity used – lighting, Includes all electricity used – lighting, pumps, traffic and street lightspumps, traffic and street lights

• Accounts for waste generated by the city.Accounts for waste generated by the city.

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The InventoryThe Inventory• Community and Government SubsetsCommunity and Government Subsets

1990 base year1990 base year1997 and 2006 interim years1997 and 2006 interim years2010 forecast year2010 forecast year

• Community Analysis (Tons eCO2)Community Analysis (Tons eCO2) 19,003,872 (1990 Emissions) - 16,797,794 (2010 Emissions)19,003,872 (1990 Emissions) - 16,797,794 (2010 Emissions) 11.61% reduction11.61% reduction

• Government Analysis (Tons eCO2Government Analysis (Tons eCO2))584,830 (1990 Emissions) – 532,768 (2010 Emissions)584,830 (1990 Emissions) – 532,768 (2010 Emissions)8.90% reduction8.90% reduction

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Compiling the Greenhouse Gas Compiling the Greenhouse Gas Emission InventoryEmission Inventory

• International Council for Local International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Clean Air and Clean (ICLEI) Clean Air and Clean

Protection (CACP) SoftwareProtection (CACP) Software • Support and participation of Support and participation of numerous City agencies and numerous City agencies and departmentsdepartments

http://www.iclei.org/http://www.iclei.org/, , http://www.cacpsoftware.org/http://www.cacpsoftware.org/

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Community EmissionsCommunity Emissions

Community GHG EmissionsCity of Philadelphia

14

14.5

15

15.5

16

16.5

17

17.5

1990 1997 2006 2010

Mill

ion

Ton

nes

CO

2 E

quiv

alen

t

Projected Actual

10% Reduction = 1.7 million tonnes

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Community SectorsCommunity Sectors

Community Analysis (Tons eCO2)

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,000

1990

1997

2006

2010

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Community SourcesCommunity Sources

2010 Community Tons eCO2 by Source

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,000

1990 Community Tons eCO2 by Source

-1,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,000

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Government EmissionsGovernment Emissions

Government GHG EmissionsCity of Philadelphia

0.45

0.46

0.47

0.48

0.49

0.5

0.51

0.52

0.53

0.54

1990 1997 2006 2010

Mill

ion

Ton

nes

CO

2 E

quiv

alen

t

Projected Actual

10% Reduction = 0.477 million tonnes

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Government SectorsGovernment Sectors

Government Analysis (Tons eCO2)

050,000

100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000

1990

1997

2006

2010

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Government SourcesGovernment Sources1990 Government Tons eCO2 by Source

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Electricity NaturalGas

Gasoline Diesel Light FuelOil

Waste

2010 Government Tons eCO2 by Source

050,000

100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000

Electricity NaturalGas

Gasoline Diesel Light FuelOil

Waste

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Government EmissionsGovernment Emissions

Government GHG Emissions by Plan Element, 2006

60%

14%

26%

Buildings Transportation Industry and Waste

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Government EmissionsGovernment Emissions

Building GHG Emissions by Source, 2006

79%

3%

18%

Electricity Light Fuel Oil Natural Gas

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SourcesSources

• Municipal Energy Office – Kent MillerMunicipal Energy Office – Kent Miller

• City Planning CommissionCity Planning Commission

• Delaware Valley Regional Planning Delaware Valley Regional Planning CommissionCommission

• Streets DepartmentStreets Department

• Office of Fleet ManagementOffice of Fleet Management

• Water DepartmentWater Department

• Company DataCompany Data

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Philadelphia Sustainability Philadelphia Sustainability InitiativeInitiative

• Not fully defined yet Not fully defined yet – Short Term Goals, e.g. developing policies and Short Term Goals, e.g. developing policies and

training programs, supporting legislative options for training programs, supporting legislative options for reductionreduction

• TrackingTracking• BenchmarksBenchmarks• Reporting ProgressReporting Progress

– Long Term Goals, e.g. green building, participate in Long Term Goals, e.g. green building, participate in initiatives that will generate new technologiesinitiatives that will generate new technologies

• Strengthening Private/Public PartnershipsStrengthening Private/Public Partnerships• New Opportunities New Opportunities

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Climate Change Action PlanClimate Change Action Plan

• From the City’s Climate Change Action Plan: From the City’s Climate Change Action Plan: “GHG emissions from the transportation sector “GHG emissions from the transportation sector are generated from the consumption of fuels by are generated from the consumption of fuels by transportation vehicles, including automobiles, transportation vehicles, including automobiles, all forms of material transport, and all forms of all forms of material transport, and all forms of public transport. Efforts to reduce GHG public transport. Efforts to reduce GHG emissions from transportation will reduce the emissions from transportation will reduce the total vehicle miles traveled by those vehicles, total vehicle miles traveled by those vehicles, use less polluting sources/mixes of fuel, and/or use less polluting sources/mixes of fuel, and/or increase the efficiency of the forms of transport.”increase the efficiency of the forms of transport.”

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Next StepsNext Steps

• Prioritization on political agendaPrioritization on political agenda

• Education, outreach and awareness of the Education, outreach and awareness of the economic, environmental and human cost economic, environmental and human cost of GHGsof GHGs

• Creative funding streams and dedicated Creative funding streams and dedicated funding sourcesfunding sources

• Crafting best practices and local policyCrafting best practices and local policy

• Supporting state and national legislationSupporting state and national legislation

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How PDD Can HelpHow PDD Can Help• PDD can be part of this overall initiative to reduce GHGs:PDD can be part of this overall initiative to reduce GHGs:

– Technology:Technology:• Reduced Fuel Use (Aux. Power Units, Truck Stop Electrification)Reduced Fuel Use (Aux. Power Units, Truck Stop Electrification)• Alternative Fuels (biofuels, emulsified fuels)Alternative Fuels (biofuels, emulsified fuels)• Diesel hybridsDiesel hybrids• Other technologies, e.g. electrified offroad equipmentOther technologies, e.g. electrified offroad equipment

– Education and Outreach (Think globally, act locally!)Education and Outreach (Think globally, act locally!)• Press EventsPress Events• MaterialsMaterials

– Participation in other programs: support Clinton Institute's idea of regional Participation in other programs: support Clinton Institute's idea of regional purchasing consortium for green technology – more options at a lower purchasing consortium for green technology – more options at a lower price, to the benefit of allprice, to the benefit of all

– Experiences with Public-Private Partnership – could be applicable to new Experiences with Public-Private Partnership – could be applicable to new stakeholder groups (e.g. green buildings)stakeholder groups (e.g. green buildings)

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Ideas and Questions?Ideas and Questions?