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ACAF/08/20
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL FEEDINGSTUFFS
44th Meeting of ACAF on 3 December 2008
Presentation UPDATE ON BSE RELATED FEED CONTROLS PRESENTATION BY PATRICK BURKE VETERINARY ADVISER FOOD & FARMING GROUP - Defra Secretariat: November 2008
Update on BSE-Related Feed
Controls
3 December 2008
Patrick Burke
Veterinary Adviser
Food & Farming Group, Defra
http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/index.html
Distribution of BSE 1989-2006
History of BSE Feed Controls
• November 1986 – BSE identified in UK
• July 1988 – Ruminant to ruminant feed ban GB
• Sep 1990 – Specified bovine offal banned in feed
• June 1994 – Mammalian to ruminant feed ban
• April 1996 – Mammalian to farmed animal feed ban
• August 1996 – Reinforced feed ban effective
• January 2001 – EU PAP to farmed animal feed ban
Evolution of the UK BSE
Epidemic
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
'80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07
Year
BS
E C
ases
Year of Birth Year of Confirmation
1988 Ruminant-Ruminant Feed
Ban
1996 MMBM Feed Ban
1989 SBO Ban -Food
1990 SBO
Ban - Feed2001 Total Feed Ban
1994 MMBM Feed Ban
Prevalence of BSE
Infection in UK
93 94 95 96 970
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.01
Pro
po
rtio
n in
fec
ted
Birth cohort
2.55
2.04
1.25
0.78
0.55
0.320.18
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
BS
E C
as
es
pe
r 1
00
00
te
sts
Year
BSE Cases per 10000 tests in EU
Average age of BSE cases in EU15
Feed Sampling
• Risk based –
import, feed mills,
mixers, stores,
transport, farms
• 2007
1826 inspections
8949 samples
9 positives (0.1%)
Feed Testing
• CRL – Belgium
• NRL – VLA
• Statutory Test (MAT)
plus PCR and CIE
The TSE Roadmap
2005
http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosaf
ety/bse/roadmap_en.pdf
• Decline in BSE plus scientific and
technological developments
• Amendments to TSE controls and
surveillance. Public health
paramount
• Policy Options
– Beet Pulp contamination
– Fish meal
– Poultry to Pig
Commission Work Programme
2006
http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/b
se/work_prog_tse_en.pdf
1. Tolerance of insignificant
environment/ technically
unavoidable contamination
2. Fish meal for young ruminants
3. General tolerance for small
presence of mammalian MBM
in animal feed
Political Drivers
• 2005 Commission TSE Roadmap
• 2006 European Economic & Social
Committee – pressure to lift ban on feeding
non-ruminant to non-ruminant
• 2006 Co-decision – ethical compromise on
feeding fish meal
• 2007 European Parliament – pressure to lift
ban on feeding fish meal to ruminants
• 2008 Commission legislative programme
MAT Performance
• 2006 and 2007 EU inter-laboratory
studies
- Qualitative method reliable
(0.1% MBM in FM)
- Quantitative method not reliable
Animal
Bone
Risk Assessments
• 2005 EFSA – Quantitative RA of BSE
risk posed by MBM
• 2006 DNV – BSE risks of non-ruminant
MBM in feed
• 2007 EFSA – Assessment of TSE risks
of feeding fish meal to ruminants
• 2007 EFSA – BSE risks of feeding non-
ruminant MBM to non-ruminants; and of
tolerance for MBM in feed
Consumer Views
• January & May 2008 –
Concern about feeding MBM to
ruminants
Some concern about feeding MBM to
non-ruminants (esp. without robust test)
General acceptance of relaxed fish
meal controls
• Media coverage 2007/08
Spongiform Encephalopathy
Advisory Committee 2008
• http://seac/statements/feedban-
oct08.pdf
• Tolerance levels – tests not yet robust
• Fish meal for young ruminants – risk
likely to be very low to negligible
• Non-ruminant to non-ruminant – risk low
EU changes to Feed Controls
since 2005
• August 2005 – Bone
fragments in sugar
beet
• September 2008 – Fish
meal in milk replacer
Test Development
• EU SAFEED PAP 2006-2009
• Species-specific tests
• Quantification
• E.g. PCR, Mass Spec, NIRM
The Future?
• Current discussion of extending risk-
based approach to insignificant
environmental contamination of crops
• Little chance of progress on quantitative
tests (fishmeal tolerance) or species-
specific tests before 2010
Thank you
