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Unmanned aerial systems, what they are and what is available?
Professor Sandor M VeresUniversity of Sheffield
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
Contents
• UASs: What are they?
• System Classifications
• Why now?- technological breakthroughs
• What to look for in the (near) future
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
UAS questions• What are the UAS classifications ?
• What are the technical categories ?
• What sensors do UAS use ?
• What do UAS autopilots ?
• What kind of safety features do we need ?
• What kind of artificial intelligence capabilities should we have ?
• Do they need to be piloted?
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
UAS Classifications
Civil Aviation Authority Publication CAP 722, 10 Aug 2012Relevant other authorities:1. European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment2. Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (USA)
UAS technical categoriesFixed wing aircrafts:
•Long flights possible (more than an hour)
•Large loads possible
•Used for large areas
•Remote piloting difficult at large distances
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
Flying wings
Traditional UAS
Rotary wing aircraft
• Lot of power needed
• Hovers, safe
• Short flights
• Autopilot needed
• Larger frames have high noise levels
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
The sensors they use
• 3D Gyroscope, accelerometer , magnetometer (IMU)
• Altitude sensors
• Airflow sensors(?)
• GPS
• Ultrasonic sensors
• Computer vision
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
Safety features
• Slow speed at all times
• Propeller cut off
• Auto landing
• Power monitoring
• Autopilot
• Perception of environment
Artificial intelligence capabilities• Auto-landing and take off
• Waypoint following autonomously with picture taking
• Robustness to weather – wind, rain, temperatures
• Adaptivity and mission capability
• 3D modelling of tarrain
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
Why now?
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
• Technological breakthroughs in cheap sensing and imaging• Sufficiently small computers for onboard computing – integrated sensing• Advances adaptive control methods • Advances in AI for autonomous task and mission execution• Lower price of lightweight materials
Single board integration:•GPS •3D Accelerometer•3D Gyroscope•3D magnetometer•Pressure sensor•Powerful GPU for vision•Powerful CPU for autonomous features
What to look for as a user?
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
• Right choice of propulsion and size/type of plane
• Autonomous take off and landing• Can operate in rain and wind• High resolution cameras in combination
with automated 3D environmental mapping
• Autonomous mission features• Ease of system reconfiguration • Level of safety features
Thanks.
Any questions?
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield
My background• 1980 : applied maths
and physics
• 1981-1988: industrial dynamical modelling and process control
• 1988-1999 – Electronics and embedded systems
• 1998-2003: vibration control
• 2004-2007: autonomous formation flying
• 2008- : intelligent autonomous vehicles
19/04/23 © The University of Sheffield