University of Technology, Business and Design Hochschule Wismar Department of Maritime Studies Slide 1 Dr. - Ing. Michael Baldauf Combined use of sensor

University of Technology, Business and Design

Hochschule WismarDepartment of Maritime Studies

Slide 1

Dr. - Ing.Michael Baldauf

Combined use of sensor information to enhance collision and grounding avoidance10th FARGIS Seminar: Information Technology forSafe and Efficient Waterborne Transport in intermodal Transport ChainsOslo, 28. February - 1. March 2005s

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Hochschule WismarSlide 2

Combined use of sensor information for enhanced collision/grounding warnings

Introduction

1. AIS and VDR - Rules, Regulations

2. Collision and Grounding Avoidance - Present Situation

3. Investigations into the draft of enhanced warnings Functions

4. Pros and Cons; Conclusions

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Present Situation (1) - Accidents and Safety of Vessel Traffic

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Background During last decade IMO reviewed, modified and

adopted a lot of their rules and regulations New navigation systems are introduced to

shipping in order to enhance safety of navigation

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is one of most important new technologies

Introduction of Voyage Data Recorders (VDR) as mandatory equipment will probably have a deep impact on Accident investigations

New situation for enhanced functions to warn and to support responsible navigating officers is given

Enhanced collision and grounding avoidance – new mandatory equipment

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Introduction of AIS - Present State:

• AIS – Automatic Identification System• Carriage requirement for AIS according

to SOLAS Chapter V; Rule 19 started in July 2002, introduction phase closed 2004

• New technical mean to provide the OOW with traffic data and information on environmental conditions

• Integration of the new techniques into existing human machine interfaces (e.g. ARPA - and Radar devices) is necessary

AIS an VDR - Rules and Regulations -

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AIS and VDR – Present Situation (1)

Presentation of data in a dedicated minimum display

Presentation of AIS data integrated in a ECDIS – environment or at the ARPA / Radar interface

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Introduction of AIS – Present situation (2)

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CenterPsn: 54°10.305N012°04.860E

Development of the number of AIS targets between March 03 and August 04 within the Baltic Sea

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VDR – System overview

Audio BridgeAudio VHF

RADAR

IMO Alarms VDR -

Central Unit

Protected Capsulewith Final

Recording Medium

DisplayUnit

Dedicated Reserve Power Supply (2h)

Replay System

NauticalData

ShipStatus

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VDR – System overview (2)

DATACOLLECTING

UNIT

ALARMDISPLA

Y

Audio 1-3 micro 1 VHF

Video: 1 Radar

NMEA: 1 AIS

Power

EPIRB with Memory

Alternative:Harddisk in separate water Resistant boxRetraceable box

• Principal structure of the simplified Voyage Data Recorder (SVDR)

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Process of collision and grounding avoidance

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Onboard Collision Avoidance – worse case

Collision of approaching vessels on crossing courses, good visibility

A potential reason: misinterpretation of the expected passing distance

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• Additional data will be available to the OOW for several tasks– Ships name, Call sign, Ships dimensions, positioning sensor on board

are available, but also draft and route information– moving data (course, speed over ground) present heading,

navigational status, rate of turn

• Advantage in comparison to conventional navigation systems helpful addition to produce a more comprehensive and more accurate traffic image

• Accuracy, reliability and check of data received by AIS is strongly limited respectively partly totally impossible at present

• System is based on GPS, a backup system of same quality is not yet available, GALILEO will be a suitable system

AIS information – Pros and Cons

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Combined sensor information for enhanced warnings

Sensor Information- GNSS - LOG- Gyro

- Rate of Turn Indicator- RADAR- …

Processing of Data

- calculation of CPA / TCPA- analysing Navigation Status- calculation of aspect

- …

- cross-checking to analyseintegrity and reliability of data

Generate and display additional information- information window about general

situation parameters on users request- warning / alert about remarkable targets or development of a dangerous

encounter situation (e.g. CPA < threshold)- recommendation, advice

- AIS (Identification, dimensions, Navigation Status, ...)

- VDR (e.g. Collected engine and manoeuvring data)- Databases (ECDIS)- COLREG- …

Information from other sources

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Combined sensor information to enhance collision and grounding avoidance

- RADAR target information

(rel. course, speed, CPA, TCPA ...)

AIS-based INFORMATION - additional target info for

crosschecking

VDR-based INFORMATION - manoeuvring data corres- ponding to actual situation

parameter

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REMARKABLE TARGET - Alarm

• Idea, suggestion for integration of enhanced warning functions more separated from the COLREG for better overall situation awareness

• support for more technique- and equipment related use especially for the adjustment of alarm thresholds

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Similar to the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems of air traffic a feature to display action limits according to the COLREGs and calculated on basis of AIS data is suggested. 50% of asked experts welcome such a display option.

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Configuration and display of own ship manoeuvring data to assista necessary manoeuvre according to Rule 17 (b)

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Observed problems with received AIS data

Probably faulty heading information via AIS

Potential causes:• incorrect

installation• disturbed gyro

signal• disturbance of

gyroOR• GPS errorall can not be

checked!

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enhanced collision and grounding avoidance is necessary and possible

additional information provided by AIS combined with data collected by VDR may contribute to more reliable situation assessment and decision making of the OOW

Problem of reliability and check of data received AIS data Integration and combination of information from several

sensors to support OOW requires suitable HMIs

Enhanced collision and grounding avoidance

- Conclusions -

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Thank you for your attention!

For further information please contact:Hochschule WismarDept. of Maritime StudiesDr. – Ing. M. BaldaufPhone: +49 (0)381 498 5844Email: [email protected]


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University of Technology, Business and Design Hochschule Wismar Department of Maritime Studies Slide 1 Dr. - Ing. Michael Baldauf Combined use of sensor