Literature Citations forAndrews, R. "Development of a One Barrel Per Day Coal to Liquids Pilot Research Facility & the Lessons Learned.," 8th International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL TECHNOLOGIES: Innovative Coal Value Chains, June 12-16, Cologne, 2016.

Duvallet, T., Zhou, Y., Henke, K.R., Robl, T.L., Andrews, R. "Effects of ferrite concentration on synthesis, hydration and mechanical properties of alite-calcium sulfoaluminate-ferrite cements," Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 1-26, 2015.

Crofcheck, C.; Shea, A.; Montross, M.; Crocker, M.; Andrews, R. "Influence of flue gas components on the growth rate of chlorella vulgaris and scenedesmus acutus," Transactions of the ASABE, 56, 1421-1429, 2014.

Wilson, M.H.; Groppo, J.; Placido, A.; Graham, S.; Mortin III, S.A.; Santillan-Jimenez, E.; Shea, A.; Crocker, M.; Crofcheck,C.; Andrews, R. "CO2 recycling using microalgae for the production of fuels," Applied Petrochemical Research, 4, 41-53, 2014.

Andrews, R. "Energy Storage Options," KAM Energy Conference, May 14, Lexington, KY, 2013.

Shi, W.; Venkatachalam, K.; Gavalas, V.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Bachas, L.G.; Chopra, N. "The role of plasma treatment on electrochemical capacitance of undoped and nitrogen doped carbon nanotbues," March/April 2, Nanomaterials and Energy, (2) 71-81, 2013.

Andrews, R. "Designer Nanotubes: The role of Materials Synthesis in Application Driven Composites Engineering," American Carbon Society Symposium: Carbons for energy applications, March 28-29, Atlanta, GA, 2012.

Andrews, R. "New Coal Technologies," Kentucky Association of Manufacturers, KAM, Energy Conference, June 13, Louisville, 2012.

Andrews, R.; Crocker, M.; DeBolt, S.; Meier, M.; Morton, S.A. "Lignin deconstruction for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals," 244th American Chemical Society Meeting, August 19-23, Philadelphia, PA, 2012.

Crofcheck, C.; Shea, S.E.A.; Montross, M.; Crocker, M.; Andrews, R. "Influence of media composition on the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus utilized for CO2 mitigation," Journal of Biochemical Technology, 4, 589-594, 2012.

Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Weisenberger, M.; Meier, M.S. "Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes and Y-junctions by floating catalytic chemicia vapor deposition," May/June, Nanomaterials and Energy, 1, 3, 168-179, 2012.

Andrews, R.; Crocker, M.; DeBolt, S.; Meier, M.; Morton, S. "Lignin Deconstruction for the Production of Liquid Fuels," Strategic Initiative Workshop: Sustainable production of transportation fuels and chemicals: challenges and opportunities, April 26-28, Ostende, Belgium, 2010.

Andrews, R, "Energy supply and demand - the current outlook,"

Biomass to Energy an overview short course, Apr. 14, West Liberty, KY, 2010.

Andrews, R. "Syngas conversion to liquid fuels," Biomass to Energy an overview short course, Apr. 14, West Liberty, KY, 2010.

Andrews, R.; Crocker, M.; DeBolt, S.; Meier, M.; Morton, S.A. "Lignin Deconstruction for the Production of Liquid Fuels," 240th ACS National Meeting, August 22-26, Boston, MA, 2010.

Andrews, R.J.; Rantell, T.; Jacques, D.; Hower, J.C.; Gardner, J.S.; Amick, M. "Mild coal extraction for the production of anode coke from Blue Gem coal," FUEL, 89, 2640-2647, 2010.

Crocker, M.; Andrews, R. "The Rationale for Biofuels," Cambridge, UK, Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals, (M. Crocker, eds.), The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1-25, Chapter 1, 2010.

Han, S.G.; Andrews, R.; Gairola, C.G. "Acute pulmonary response of mice to multi-wall carbon nanotubes," Inhalation Toxicology, 22, 340-347, 2010.

Mangu, R.; Rajaputra, S.; Clore, P.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Singh, V.P. "Ammonia sensing properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded in porous alumina templates," Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, 174(1-3) 2-8, 2010.

Qian, D.; Crocker, M.; Pandurangan, A.; Morin,C.; Andrews, R. "Synthesis of Germanium/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Core-Sheath Structures via Chemical Vapor Deposition," Croatia, Nanowires Science and Technology, (N. Lupu, eds.), Intech, 113-130, 2010.

Satarkar, N.S.; Johnson, D.; Marrs, B.; Andrews, R.; Poh, C.; Gharaibeh, B.; Saito, K.; Anderson, K.W.; Hilt, J.Z. "Hydrogel-MWCNT nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, and heating with radiofrequency fields," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 117, 1813-1819, 2010.

Wilson, M.; Fisk, C.A.; Groppo, J.; Morton, S.; Antonson, E.; Crocker, M.; Andrews, R.; Crofcheck, C.; Montross, M. "Development of an Algae-Based System for CO2 Mitigation from Coal-Fired Power Plants," 2010 Annual International Meeting for the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, June 20-23, Pittsburgh, PA, 2010.

Bortz, D.; Weisenberger, M.; Marrs, B.; Andrews, R. "Fatigue Performance of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube - Polymer Composites," Carbon '09: The Annual World Conference on Carbon, June 14-19, Biarritz France, 2009.

Cassit, K.; Andrews, R.; Qian, D.; Meier, M. "Fracture and Pore Formation in Bamboo-shaped Carbon Nanotubes," Carbon '09: The Annual World Conference on Carbon, June 14-19, Biarritz France, 2009.

Cassity, K.; Andrews, R.; Weisenberger, M.; Petty, K.; Freibert, R.; Meier, M. "Functionalized MWNTs for Epoxy Composites," Carbon '09:

The Annual World Conference on Carbon, June 14-19, Biarritz France, 2009.

Dowden, C.; Weisenberger, M.; Morris, A.; Craddock, J.; Andrews, R.; Roberts, K. "Tensile Properties of PAN-based Carbon Fiber Containing Multiwall Carbon Nanotaubes," Carbon '09: The Annual World Conference on Carbon, June 14-19, Biarritz France, 2009.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R; Qian, D.; Menguc, M.P. "Growth kinetics of MWCNTs synthesized by acontinuous-feed CVD method," Carbon, 47, 384-395, 2009.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Menguc, M.P.; Qian, D. "Themoelectric power generation using doped MWCNTs," Carbon, 47(3) 589-601, 2009.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Menguc, M.P.; Qian, D. "Multiwalled carbon nanotube deposition profiles within a CVD reactor: An experimental study," Chemical Engineering Science, 64(7) 1503-1510, 2009.

Kunadian, I.; Lipka, S.M.; Swartz, C.R.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R. "Determination of Carrier Densities of Boron and Nitrogen-Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using Mott-Schottky Plots," Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 156 (6) K110-K115, 2009.

Marrs, B.; Tickle, A.; Giordani, M.; Andrews, R.; Pienkowski, D. "Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Alter the Heat Flow Associated with Curing Bone Cement," Carbon '09: The Annual World Conference on

Carbon, June 14-19, Biarritz France, 2009.

Pandaurangan, A.; Morin, C.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Crocker, M. "Single-step synthesis of germanium nanowires encapsulated within multi-walled carbon nanotubes," Carbon, 47, 1708-1714, 2009.

Weisenberger, M.; Martin-Gullon, I.; Vera-Agullo, J.; Varela-rizo, H.; Merino, C.; Andrews, R.; Qian, D.; Rantell, T. "The effect of graphitization temperature on the structure of helical-ribbon carbon nanofibers," Carbon, 47 (9) 2211-2218, 2009.

Andrews, R.; Verclos, O.; Jacques, D.; Gonzalez, R.; Qian, D. "Etching of Carbon Nanotubes by steam Activation," 2008 MRS International Materials Research, June 9-12, Chongqing, China, 2008.

Bortz, D.; Weisenberger, M.; Andrews, R. "Temperature Dependant Creep Performance of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube - Polymer Composites," ACS, Division of Polymeric Materials, Apr. 6-10, 2008, New Orleans, LA, 2008.

Bortz, D.; Weisenberger, M.; Marrs, B.; Andrews, R. "Fatigue Performance of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composite PMMA and ABS," ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress (IMECE 2008) Oct 31-Nov. 6, Boston, MA, 2008.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Menguc, M.P.; Qian, D. "Deposition profiles of multiwalled carbon naotubes inside a CVD reactor," University of Kentucky Graduate Student Interdisciplinary Conference, Mar. 28, Lexington, Ky, 2008.

Li, J.; Lumpp, J..K.; Andrews, R.; Jacques. D. "Aspect Ratio and Loading Effects of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Epoxy for Electrically Conductive Adhesives," Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 22(14) 1659-1671, 2008.

Meier, M.S.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Cassity, K.B.; Qian, D. "Chemistry on N-Doped MWNTS," ACS, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Apr. 6-10, New Orlean, LA, Preprints, 53(1) 493, 2008.

Meier, M.S.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Cassity, K.B.; Qian, D. "Tearing open nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18 (35) 4143-4145, 2008.

Putz, K.W.; Palmeri, M.J.; Cohn, R.B.; Andrews, R.; Brinson, L.C. "Effect of cross-link density on interphase creation in polymer nanocomposites," Macromolecules, 41(8) 6752-6756, 2008.

Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D. "CVD Synthesis and Thermal Structural Stability of N-doped Carbon Nanotbues," 2008 MRS International Materials Research Conference, June 9-12, Chongqing, China, 2008.

Rajaputra, S.; Mangu, R.; Clore, P.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Singh, V.P. "Multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays for gas sensing applications," Nanotechnology, 19(34) Paper 345502, 2008.

Rajaputra, S.; Mangu, R.; Ma, N.; Clore, P.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.;

Phok, S.; Lumpp, J.; Singh, V. "Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays for room temperature gas sensors," Materials Research Society, Symposium Proceedings, 1057, 151-157, 2008.

Santos, R.M.; Lourenc¸o, C.F.; Piedade, A.P.; Andrews, R.; Pomerleau, F.; Huettl, P.; Gerhardt, G.A.; Laranjinha, J.Barbosa, R.M, "A comparative study of carbon fiber-based microelectrodes for the measurement of nitric oxide in brain tissue," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 24, 704-709, 2008.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T.; Hower, J.C. "Mild coal extraction for the production of anode coke," 32nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, June 10 - 15, Clearwater, FL, 2007.

Bortz, D.; Marrs, B.; Weisenberger, M.; Andrews, R. "Fatigue Performance of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube - Polymer Composites," Carbon 2007, July 15-20, Seattle, WA, Proceedings CD, P147, 2007.

Crocker, M.; Graham, U.M.; Gonzalez, R.; Jacobs, G.; Morris, E.; Rubel, A.M.; Andrews, R. "Preparation and characterization of cerium oxide templated from activated carbon," Journal of Materials Science, 42, 3454-3464, 2007.

Gardner, J. S.; Andrews, R. J.; Hower, J. C.; Amick, M. "Blue Gem Coal, Southeastern Kentucky: a Prime Resource for the Production of Silicon Metals and Anode Coke for Aluminum," Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, Mar. 30, Savannah, GA, 2007.

Gardner, J. S.; Andrews, R. J.; Hower, J. C.; Amick, M. "Blue Gem Coal, Southeastern Kentucky: a Prime Resource for the Production of Silicon Metals and Anode Coke for Aluminum," Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, Mar. 30, Savannah, GA, Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 39, 2007.

Hower, J.C.; Andrews, R.J.; Rantell, T.; Gardner, J.S.; Amick, M. "Utilization of coal for production of silicon metals and aluminum: Example of the Blue Gem coal, southeastern Kentucky," 2007 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Oct. 28-31, Denver, CO, Abstracts with Programs, 39(7) 174, 2007.

Jacques, D.; Andrews, R. "Process for the continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes," US 7,160,531, Jan. 9, 2007.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R. "Thermoelectric power generation using carbon nanotubes.," University of Kentucky Graduate Student Interdisciplinary Conference, Apr. 13, Lexington, KY, 2007.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R. "Growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes synthesized via floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method," University of Kentucky Graduate Student Interdisciplinary Conference, Apr. 13, Lexington, Ky, 2007.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Qian, D.; Menguc, M.P. "CFD analysis of the effect of substrates on carbon nanotube production rate in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor," ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Expostion, Nov. 10-16, Seattle, WA, 2007.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Menguc, M.P. "Thermoelectric power generation using semi-conducting multiwall carbon nanotubes," ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Expostion, Nov. 10-16, Seattle, WA, 2007.

Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Qian, D.; Menguc, M.P. "Growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes synthesized via floating catalyst chemical vapor depostion method," ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Expostion, Nov. 10-16, Seattle, WA, 2007.

Lipka, S.; Swartz, C.; Gonzales, R.; Andrews, R. "Noven Electrochemical Capacitors Using Coal dervied Carbons," CPCPC, Nov. 13-14, Morgantown, WV, 2007.

Marrs, B; Sinnett-Jones, P; Sinclair, I.; Andrews, R; Pienkowski D. "Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Affect the Fatigue Crack Propagation of Single Phase Bone Cement," Carbon 2007, July 15-20, Seattle, WA, Proceedings CD, P148, 2007.

Meier, M.S.; Andrews, R.A.; Cassity, K.B.; Weisenberger, M.; Yeary, P. "Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Composite Materials," Carbon 2007, July 15-20, Seattle, WA, Paper D112, 2007.

Montross, M.; Taulbee, D.; Andrews, R.; Shearer, S. "Prodution of Biomass Briquettes as an Alternative FuelSource," KREC, Nov. 29, Louisville, KY, 2007.

Phillips, P.L.; Brewer, S.A.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Qian, D.; Hinds, B.J. "Ordered carbon naotube membranes for low burden protective

clothing applications: water transport properties," Carbon 2007, July 15-20, Seattle, WA, Proceedings CD, P006, 2007.

Qian, D.; Andrews,R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T. "Synthesis of N-doped carbon nanotubes and Y-junctions by catalytic chemical vapor deposition," 15th International Conference on Composites/Nano Engineering (ICCE-15) July 15-21, Haikou, China, 2007.

Vera-Agullo, J.; Martin-Gullon, I.; Varela, H.; Weisenberger, M.; Andrews, R.; Qian, D.; Merino, C., "Structural Changes Versus Graphitization Temperature for Stacked-Cup Carbon Nanofibers," Carbon 2007, July 15-20, Seattle, WA, Paper B052, 2007.

Weisenberger, M.; Meier, M.S.; Andrews, R. J. "Developments in Nanotube-reinforced Carbon Fiber," 2007 SAMPE Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition, Oct. 29 - Nov. 1, Cincinnati, OH, Proceedings 52 ITAR, 2007.

Weisenberger, M.C.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T. "Carbon nanotube polymer composites: recent developments in mechanical properties," New York, NY, Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook, (Mark, J.E., eds.), Springer, 2nd ed. 585-598, 2007.

Andrews, R; Weisenberger, M.C.; Rantell, T. "Thermomechanical properties of carbon nanotube composite materials," 34th Annual Conference of the North American Thermal Analysis Society, Aug. 5-9, Bowling Green, KY, 2006.

Aslan, M.M.; Kunadian, I.; Andrews, R.; Menguc, M.P. "Bidirectional

Evanescent and Transmitted Light Scattering Profiles of CVD synthesized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Ex-situ Characterization of Structural Formation," NSTI Nanotech 2006, May 7-11, Boston, MA, 2006.

Eitan, A; Fisher, F.T.; Andrews, R.; Brinson, L.C.; Schadler, L.S. "Reinforcement mechanisms in MWCNT-filled polycarbonate," Composites Science and Technology, 66(9) 1159-1170, 2006.

Lipka, S.M.,; Swartz, C.R.; Harris, T.J.; Andrews, R.; Crocker, M. "Alternative Material Chemistries for Hybrid Aqueous Electrochemical Capacitors," 16th International Seminar on Double Layer Capcitors & Hybrid Energy Storage Devices, Dec. 4-6, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 2006.

Marrs, B.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T.; Pienkowski, D. "Augmentation of acrylic bone cement with multiwall carbon nanotubes," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 77A(2) 269-276, 2006.

Marrs, B.; Andrews, R.; Pienkowski, D. "The Fatigue Life of Physiologically Maintained Bone Cement is Enhanced by Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes," Carbon '06, July 16-20, Aberdeen, Scotland, 2006.

Matranga, C.; Bockrath, B.; Chopra, N.; Hinds, B.J.; Andrews, R. "Raman spectroscopic investigation of gas interactions with an aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membrane," Langmuir, 22(3) 1235-1240, 2006.

Andrews, R.; Meier, M.; Weisenberger, M.; Fitzwater, C.; Qian, D. "Ultra-high Strength Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers," 3rd Annual

Kentucky Innovation & Enterprise Conference, Mar. 31, Louisville, KY, 2005.

Andrews, R.; Rantell, T.; Jacques, D.; Meier, M.; Fitzwater, C.; Qian, D. "MWNT-Polymer Composites For Structural, Thermal and EMI Shielding Applications," Carbons for a Green Planet Workshop, May 22, State College, PA, 2005.

Andrews, R.; Rubel, A.; Groppo, J.; Graham, D.; Geertsema, A.; Maroto-Valer, M.M.; Lu, Z.; Schobert, H. "Advanced Gasification By-Product Utilization," 2005 Conference University Coal Research / Historically Black Colleges and Universities & Other Minority Institutions Contractors Review Meeting, June 6-8, Pittsburgh, PA, 2005.

Crocker, M.; Graham. U.; Gonzalez, R.; Morris, E.; Jacobs, G.; Andrews, R. "Preparation and characterization of fibrous cerium oxide templated from activated carbon fibers," 2005 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting, Mar. 28 - Apr. 1, San Francisco, CA, R4.2, 2005.

Crocker, M; Graham, U.; Gonzalez, R.; Morris, E.; Jacobs, G.; Andrews, R. "Preparation and Characterization of Fibrous Cerium Oxide Templated from Activated Carbon Fibers," (S.W. Lu; H. Hahn; J. Weissmuller; J.L. Gole, eds.), Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc, 876E, R4.2, 2005.

Crofcheck, C.; Montross, M.D.; Berkovich, A.; Andrews, R. "The Effect of Temperture on the Mild Solvent Extraction of White and Red Oak.," Biomass & Bioenergy, 28(6) 572-578, 2005.

Derbyshire, Francis J.; Andrews, Rodney; Safadi, Bouchra, "Mixing and Dispersion of Nanotubes by Gas or Vapor Expansion," US 6,908,572, June 21, 2005.

Endo, H.; Kuwana, K.; Saito, K.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Grulke, E.A. "CFD prediction of carbon nanotube production rate in a CVD reactor," Chemical Physics Letters, 387(4-6) 307-311, 2005.

Fisher, F.T.; Eitan, A.; Andrews, R.; Schadler, L.S.; Brinson, L.C. "Spectral r esponse and effective viscoelastic properties of MWNT-reinforced polycarbonate," Advanced Composites Letters, 13 (2) 105-111, 2005.

Kuwana, K.; Endo, H.; Saito, K.; Qian, D.L.; Andrews, R.; Grulke, E.A. "Catalyst deactivation in CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes," Carbon, 43(2) 253-260, 2005.

Lenihan, J.S.; Gavalas, V.G.; Wang, J.Q.; Andrews, R.; Bachas, L.G. "Protein immobilization on carbon nanotubes through a molecular adapter," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 4(6) 600-604, 2005.

Pienkowski, D.; Andrews, R. "Polymethylmethacrylate augmented with carbon nanotubes," US 6,872,403, March 29, 2005, 2005.

Rubel, A.; Andrews, R.; Gonzalez, R.; Groppo, J.; Robl, T. "Adsorption of Hg and NOX on coal by-products," Fuel, 84(7-8) 911-916, 2005.

Weisenberger, M.C.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T.; Meier, M.; Fitzwater, C. "Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in PAN-based Carbon Fiber," Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites Workshop, Jan. 11-12, Lexington, KY, 2005.

Weisenberger, M.C.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T.; Meier, M.; Fiztwater, C. "Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in PAN-based Carbon Fiber," Space Exploration 2005, Apr. 4-6, Albuquerque, NM, 2005.

Weisenerger, M; Andrews, R; Meier, M.; Fitzwater, C.; Rantell, T.; Jacques, D. "Carbon/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers," 3rd Annual Kentucky Innovation & Enterprise Conference, Mar. 31, Louisville, KY, 2005.

Andrews, R.; Weisenberger, M. C. "Carbon nanotube polymer composites," Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 18(1) 31-37, 2004.

Andrews, R. "Carbon Nanotube Enhanced Pitch: Fibers and Foams," CPCPC Spring Meeting, May 17-19, Hershey, PA, 2004.

Andrews, R. ; Chopra, N. ; Crocker, M. ; Gonzalez, R. ; Graham, D. ; Hinds, B. ; Jacques, D. ; Likpa, S. ; Qian, D. ; Rantell, T. ; Shafer, W. "Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Porous Carbons: Adsorbents, Supports and Membranes," Workshop on Porosity & Adsorption in Carbons, Apr. 28-29, Aberdeen, Scotland, 2004.

Andrews, R.; Weisenberger, M. "Mild Solvent Extraction of Wood Waste," Kentucky Innovations Workshop, Mar. 3, Louisville, KY, 2004.

Ding, W.; Eitan, A.; Fisher, F.T.; Chen, X.; Dikin, D.A.; Andrews, R.; Brinson, L.C.; Schadler, L.S.; Ruoff, R.S. "Direct observation of polymer sheating in carbon nanotubepolycarbonate composites," Nano Letters, 3(11) 1593-1597, 2004.

Fisher, F.T.; Eitan, A.; Andrews, R.; Schadler, L.S.; Brinson, L.C. "Spectral response and effective viscoelastic properties of MWNT-reinforced polycarbonate," Advanced Composites Letters, 13 (2) 105-111. 2004.

Gavalas, V.G.; Law, S.A.; Ball, J.C.; Andrews, R.; Bachas, L.G. "Carbon nanotube aqueous sol-gel composites: Enzyme-friendly platforms for the development of stable biosensors," Analytical Biochemistry, 329(2) 247-252, 2004.

Hinds, B.J.; Chopra, N.; Rantell, T.; Andrews, R.; Gavalas, V.; Bachas, L.G. "Aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube membranes," Science, 303(5654) 62-65, 2004.

Lipka, S.; Thiebaut, N.; Andrews, R.; Shafer, W. "Charge storage in electrochemical capacitors using nanoscale and nanostructured materials," International Workshop on Nanomaterials (NanoMat) Sept. 20-21, Lexington, KY, 2004.

Marrs, B.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T.; Pienkowski, D. "Multiwall carbon nanotubes improve the fatigue performance of acrylic bone cement,"

International Workshop on Nanomaterials (NanoMat) Sept. 20-21, Lexington, KY, 2004.

Rubel, A.M.; Andrews, R.; Gonzalez, R.; Groppo, J.G.; Robl, T.L. "Mercury Adsorption on Combustion and Gasifier By-Products," 56th Southeastern Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Nov 11-12, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2004.

Weisenberger, M.; Andrews, R. "Ultrahigh Strength Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers," Kentucky Innovations Workshop, Mar. 3, Louisville, KY, 2004.

Weisenberger, M.C.; Grulke, E.A.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T.; Andrews, R. "Enhanced mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile/multiwall carbon nanotube composite fibers," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 3(6) 535-539, 2004.

Weisenberger, M.C.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T; Grulke, E.; Meier, M. "MWNT Reinforcement of PAN-based carbon fibers," Carbon 2004 Conference, July 11-16, Providence, RI, Proceedings, 2004.

Weisenberger, M.C.; Andrews, R.; Meier, M.; Fitzwater, C. "Carbon-Carbon Nanotube Composite Fiber," International Workshop on Nanomaterials (NanoMat) Sept. 20-21, Lexington, KY, 2004.

Andrews, R.; Gonzalez, R.; Rubel, A.; Berkovich, A.; Jacques, D. "Value added carbons from gasifier by-products," 28th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, Mar. 12,

Clearwater, FL, 2003.

Andrews, R. "Nanotube Composite Fibers," Second International Space Elevator Conference, Sept. 12-15, Santa Fe, NM, 2003.

Berkovich, A.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, J.; Rantell, T. "Continued development of bulk carbon fiber production using high QI coal tar pitches," 28th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Mar. 12, Clearwater, FL, 2003.

Eitan, A.; Jian, K.Y.; Dukes, D.; Andrews, R.; Schadler, L.S. "Surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Toward the tailoring of the interface in polymer composites," Chemistry of Materials, 15 (16) 3198-3201, 2003.

Kim, H.; Kaufman, M.J.; Sigmund, W.M.; Jacques, D.; Andrews, R. "Observation and formation mechanism of stable face-cenered-cubic Fe nanorods in carbon nanotubes," Journal of Materials Research, 18 (5) 1104-1108, 2003.

Pienkowski, D.; Andrews, R. "Polymethymethacrylate augmented with carbon nanotubes," US 6,599,961, July 29, 2003.

Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Kichambare, P.; Lian, G.; Dickey, E.C. "Low-temperature synthesis of large-area CNx nanotube arrays," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 3(1) 93-97, 2003.

Qian, D.L.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Kichambare, P.; Lain, G.;

Dickey, E.C. "Low-temperature synthesis of large-area Cnx nanotube arrays," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 3 (1-2) 93-97, 2003.

Rubel, A.; Andrews, R.; Gonzalez, R.; Groppo, J.G.; Robl, T.L. "Adsorption of Hg and NOX on Gasifier Char Products," 12th International Conference on Coal Science, Nov. 2-6, Cairns, Australia, Proceedings CD, Paper 14B3, 2003.

Weisenberger, M.; Qian, D.; Jacques, D.; Berkovich, A.; Andrews, R. "Synthesis and Applications of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes," KY Nanomat Workshop, Sept. 25-26, Louisville, KY, 2003.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Minot, M.; Rantell, T. "Fabrication of Carbon Multiwall Nanotube/Polymer Composites by Shear Mixing," Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 287, 395-403, 2002.

Andrews, R. "Synthesis and Properties of MWNT Composite Materials," Space Elevator Conference, Aug. 10-14, Seattle, WA, 2002.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Qian, D.; Rantell, T. "Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Composite Applications," Accounts of Chemical Research, 35(12) 1008-1017, 2002.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Qian, D.; Rantell, T. "Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Composite Applications," Foresight Conference on Molecular Nanotechnology, Oct. 10-13, Bethesda, MD, 2002.

Berkovich, A.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T. "Low severity extraction of pitch from coal for production of value-added carbon materials," 27th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Mar. 4-7, Clearwater, FL, Proceedings CD, 1021-1025, 2002.

Berkovich, A.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T. "Production of Bulk Carbon Fibers via Centrifugal Melt Spinning (CMS)," 27th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, Mar. 4-7, Clearwater, FL, Proceedings CD, p. 1003-1008, 2002.

Chopra, N.; Kichambare, P.D.; Andrews, R.; Hinds, B.J. "Control of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Diameter by Selective Growth on the Exposed Edge of a Thin Film Multilayer Structure," Nano Letters, 2(10) 1177 -1181, 2002.

Gavalas, V.G.; Andrews, R.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Bachas, L.G. "Carbon nanotube sol-gel composite materials," Nano Letters, 2001 1(12) 719-721, 2002.

Kichambare, P.K.; Qian, D.; Jacques, D.; Andrews, R. "Microstructure and field emission behavior of undoped and doped multiwall carbon nanotbues," MRS Conference, Apr. 1-5, San Francisco, CA, 2002.

Kuwana, K.; Andrews, R.; Grulke, E.A.; Saito, K. "CFD analysis on a vortex enhanced CVD reactor design," Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings, 706, 61-66, 2002.

Safadi, B.; Andrews, R.; Grulke, E.A. "Multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer composites: Synthesis and characteriztaion of thin films," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 84 (14) 2660-2669, 2002.

Weisenfluh, G.A.; Andrews, W.M., Jr.; Andrews, R.E.; Hiett, J.K. Lexington, KY, Coal Availability in Western Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey, Report of Investigations, No.8, Ser.12, 29 p. 2002.

Andrews, R.; Anthony, J.; Bergosh, R.; Haddon, R.; Hu, H.; Landis, C.; Mier, M.; McKenzie, F.; Palmer, G.; Rantell, T.; Selegue, J. "Modified nanotubes in composite materials," ACS, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Aug. 26-30, Chicago, IL, 2001.

Andrews, R.; Hanel, M.; Jacques, D. "Time-temperature optimization for CVD production of multiwalled carbon nanotubes," ACS, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Aug. 26-30, Chicago, IL, 2001.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Qian, D.; Dickey, E.C. "Purification and structural annealing of multiwalled carbon nanotubes at graphitization temperatures," Carbon, 39(11) 1681-1687, 2001.

Andrews, R.; Anthony, J.; Bergosh, R.; Haddon, R.; Landis, C.; McKenzie, F.; Meier, M.; Rantell, T. "Composite materials containing chemically modified multiwall carbon nanotubes," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Andrews, R.; Berkovich, A.J.; Hower, J.C.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T.

"Fabrication of carbon multiwall nanotube/polymer composites by shear mixing," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Andrews, R. "Processing & Properties of Nanotube Composite Materials," Metals, Minerals and Materials Society Fall Meeting, Nov. 5-7, Indianapolis, IN, 2001.

Andrews, R. "Processing & Properties of Functionalized Nanotube Composite Material.," Materials Research Society Annual Meeting, Nov. 25-28, Boston, MA, 2001.

Berkovich, A.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T. "Low-severity extraction of pitch from coal for production of value-added carbon materials," ACS, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Aug. 26-30, Chicago, IL, Preprints, 46(2) 582-585, 2001.

Berkovich, A.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Grinter, C. "Isotropic pitch - carbon nanotube fiber composites," ACS, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Aug. 26-30, Chicago, IL, 2001.

Berkovich, A.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T. "Low-severity extraction of pitch from coal for production of value-added carbon material," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon. July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Berkovich, A.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Grinter, C.W. "Isotropic pitch-carbon nanotube fiber composites," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD,

2001.

Derbyshire, F.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Jagtoyen, M.; Kimber, G.; Rantell, T. "Synthesis of isotropic carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers from pitch precursors," Fuel, 80(3) 345-356, 2001.

Derbyshire, Frank; Jagtoyen, Marit; Andrews, Rodney; Rao, Apparao; Martin-Gullon, Ignacio; Grulke, Eric A. "Carbon materials in environmental applications," New York, Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, (Radovic, L., eds.), Marcel Dekker, 27, 1-66, 2001.

Dickey, E.C.; Grimes, C.A.; Jain, M.K.; Ong, K.G.; Qian, D.; Kichambare, P.D.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D. "Visible photoluminescence from ruthenium-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes," Applied Physics Letters, 79(24) 4022-4024, 2001.

Gavalas, V.G.; Andrews, R.; Bhattacharyya, D.B.; Bachas, L.G. "Electrochemistry of carbon nanotube composite electrodes," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Hilding, J.; Grulke, E.A.; Sinnott, S.B.; Qian, D.L.; Andrews, R.; Jagtoyen, M. "Sorption of butane on carbon multiwall nanotubes at room temperature," Langmuir, 17(24) 7540-7544, 2001.

Kichambare, P.D.; Qian, D.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Ong, K.G.; Jain, M.; Gong, D.; Dickey, E.C.; Grimes, C.A. "Carbon nanotubes over novel catalysts," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Kuwana, K.; Andrews, R.; Grulke, E.A.; Saito, K, "Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using CVD reactor: numerical simulations of heat and mass transfer," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Martin-Gullon, I.; Andrews, R.; Jagtoyen, M.; Derbyshire, F. "PAN-based activated carbon fiber composites for sulfur dioxide conversion: influence of fiber activation method," FUEL, 80(7) 969-977, 2001.

Ni, B.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Qian, D.; Wijesundara, M.B.J.; Choi, Y.; Hanley, L.; Sinnott, S.B. "A combined computational and experimental study of lon-beam modification of carbon nanotube bundles," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105(51) 12719-12725, 2001.

Presler, A.P.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T. "Synthesis and properties of multiwall carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composite fibers.," ACS, Division of Chemical Education, Apr. 1-5, San Diego, CA, 2001.

Qian, D.; Dickey, E.C.; Andrews, R; Jacques, D. "Kinetics of carbon nanotube growth by pyrolysis of ferrocene/xylene," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Selegue, J.P.; Chen, B.L.; Wijeratne, L.; Meier, M.S.; Wang, Z.W.; Haddon, R.C.; Hu, H.; Andrews, R. "Field-flow fractionation of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes," ACS, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Aug. 26-30, Chicago, IL, 2001.

Sinnott, S.; Andrews, R. "Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, properties and applications," Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Science, 26(3) 145-249, 2001.

Sinnott, S.B.; Mao, Z.; Lee, K.H.; Andrews, R.; Grulke, E.A. "Molecular separation in carbon nanotube materials: predictions from molecular dynamics simulations," CARBON '01 International Conference on Carbon, July 14-19, Lexington, KY, Proceedings CD, 2001.

Stansberry, P.G.; Zondlo, J.W.; Andrews, R.J.; Withers, J.C. "Development of carbon fiber precursors from coal extracts," ACS, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Aug. 26-30, Chicago, IL, Preprints, 46(2) 567-568, 2001.

Weisenfluh, G.A.; Andrews Jr., W.M.; Andrews, R.E.; Hiett, J.K. Coal Availability in Western Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey, Report of Investigations, 8, Series XII, 30 pp. 2001.

Andrews, R.; Jagtoyen, M.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T. "Activated carbon fibers from non-conventional pitch precursors," ACS, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Aug. 20-24, Washington, DC, 2000.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rantell, T.; Jagtoyen, M.; Derbyshire, F. "Isotropic carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers from nonconventional pitch precursors," ACS, Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Mar. 26-30, San Francisco, CA, 2000.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Minot, M.; Rantell, T. "Fabrication of carbon multiwalled nanotubes/polymer composites," 7th International Conference on Composites Engineering, July 2-8, Denver, CO, Proceedings, 35-36, 2000.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Dickey, E.C.; and Qian, D. "Synthesis and growth mechanisms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Eurocarbon 2000: 1st World Conference on Carbon, July 9-13, Berlin, Germany, Abstracts and Programme Oral Presentations, II, 1019-1020, 2000.

Derbyshire, Frank; Andrews, Rodney; Berkovich, Adam; Jacques, David; Jagtoyen, Marit; Rantell, Terry, "Synthesis of isotropic carbon fibers from pitch precursors," ACS, Division of Fuel Chemistry, Aug. 20-24, Washington, D.C. Preprints, 45(4) 877-800, 2000.

Jacques, D.; Villain, S.; Rao, A.M.; Andrews, R.; Derbyshire, F.; Dickey, E.C.; Qian, D. "Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes," Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Amorphous and Nanostructured Carbon, Materials Research Society, Proceedings, 593, 15-20, 2000.

Presler, A.P.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T. "Effect of spinning temperature on the production of coal-derived carbon fibers," ACS, Division of Chemical Education, Mar. 26-30, San Francisco, CA, 2000.

Qian, D.; Dickey, E.C.; Andrews, R.; Rantell, T. "Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polymer composites," Applied Physics Letters, 76(20) 2868-2870, 2000.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A.M.; Rantell, T.; Derbyshire, F.; Chen,

Y.; Chen, J.; Haddon, R.C. "Nanotube composite carbon fibers," Applied Physics Letters, 75(9) 1329-1331, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A. M; Derbyshire, F. J.; Qian, D.; Fan, X.; Dickey, E. C.; Chen, J. "Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: a step closer to commercial realization," Chemical Physics Letters, 303(5,6) 467-474, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Dickey, B.; Qian, D.; Knuston, B.; Safadi, B.; Moore, B.; Derbyshire, F.J. "Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer comcposites," Sixth Annual International Conference on Composites Engineering, June 27-July 3, Orlando, FL, ICCR/6, 39-40, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A.M.; Rantell, T.; Derbyshire, F.J.; Chen, Y.; Chen, J.; Haddon, R.C. "Composite fibers drawn from nanotube-pitch mixtures," Sixth Annual International Conference on Composites Engineering, June 27-July 3, Orlando, FL, ICCR/6, 39-40, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Derbyshire, F.; Dickey, E.; Fan, X.; Qian, D.; Rantell, T.; Rao, A.M.; Vilain, F. "Nanotube carbon-carbon composites," 24th Biennial Conference on Carbon, July 11-16, Charleston, SC, Carbon '99: Extended Abstracts and Program, 1, 194-195, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Dickey, B.; Qian, D.; Knutson, B.; Safadi, B.; Moore, B.; Derbyshire, F. "Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube polymer composites," 24th Biennial Conference on Carbon, July 11-16, Charleston, SC, Carbon '99: Extended Abstracts and Program, 1, 258-259, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A.M.; Rantell, T.; Derbyshire, F. J.; Chen, Y.; Chen, J.; Haddon, R. C. "Nanotube composite carbon fibers," American Physical Society March Meeting, Mar. 22-26, Atlanta, GA, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A. M; Derbyshire, F. J.; Qian, D.; Fan, X.; Dickey, E. C; Chen, J. "Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes: A step closer to commercial realization," Chemical Physics Letters, 303(5) 467-474, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Rao, A. M.; Derbyshire, F. J.; Qian, D; Fan, X.; Dickey, E. C.; Chen, J. "Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes," Commercialization Advances in Large-scale Production of Carbon Nanotubes, Apr. 22-23, Washington, DC, 1999.

Derbyshire, F.J.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Jagtoyen, M.; Kimber, G.; Rantell, T. "Stabilization & carbonization of pitches for carbon fiber production," AIChE Spring National Meeting, Mar. 14-18, Houston, TX, 1999.

Jacques, D.; Villain, S.; Rao, A.M.; Andrews, R.; Derbyshire, F.; Dickey, B.; Qian, D. "Synthesis and growth mechanism of multiwalled nanotubes," 1999 Fall Meeting of the Materials Research Society, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, Boston, MA. 1999.

Qian, D.; Dickey, E.; Rantell, T.; Andrews, R.; Derbyshire, F, "In-situ TEM studies of polymer-carbon nanotube composite deformation," Fall Meeting of the Materials Research Society, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, Boston, MA. 1999.

Rao, A.M.; Andrews, R.; Jacques, D.; Villain, S.; Derbyshire, F.; Qian, D.; Fan, X.; Dickey, E.C. "Continuous production of aligned carbon nanotubes," 24th Biennial Conference on Carbon, July 11-16, Charleston, SC, Carbon '99: Extended Abstracts and Program, 1, 76-77, 1999.

Sinnott, S.B.; Andrews,R.; Qian, D.; Rao, A.M.; Mao, Z.; Dickey, E.C.; Derbyshire, F. "Model of carbon nanotube growth through chemical vapor deposition," Chemical Physics Letters, 315, 25-30, 1999.

Andrews, R.; Jagtoyen, M..; Grulke, E, "Butane Adsorption on Activated Carbon Fiber Composites, Modeling and simulations," International Conference on Carbon, July 5-9, Strasbourg, France, Proceedings, 141, 1998.

Derbyshire, F.J.; Andrews, R.; Jagtoyen, M; Kimber, G; Rantell, T; Vego, A. "Carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers from non-conventional pitch precursors," Australian Coal Science Conference, Dec. 7-9, Sydney, Australia, Proceedings, 1998.