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accepted provided that a full course has been attended bythe candidate), and in Materia Medica and Pharmacy forone summer session. The certificates must show (1) thatDissection has been practised during two winter sessionsand one summer session at least; (2) that laboratory in-struction has been received in Physiology; (3) that prac-tical instruction has been received in Materia Medica andPharmacy.The Final Exwnination.-The subjects of examination

are: (1) Surgery-Systematic, Clinical, and Practical;(2) Medicine, Systematic and Clinical, including MentalDiseases and Diseases of Children; (3) Forensic Medicineand Toxicology, and Public Health ; (4) Pharmacology andTherapeutics; (5) Obstetrics and Diseases of Women;(6) General Pathology and Morbid Anatomy. Candidatesmay present themselves for examination in all the abovesubjects on the same occasion, provided they have com-pleted the fourth ,year of medical study, in accordance withthe regulations of the University. Candidates may, how-ever, present themselves for examination in two or threeonly of these subjects, provided they have completed thefmtrth winter of medical study in accordance with theregulations of the University, but must satisfy theexaminers in all the subjects so selected before presentingthemselves in the remaining subjects of examination.Before presenting themselves for the Final Examination,candidates are required to have passed the IntermediateExamination, and to furnish certificates of having attendedcourses of instruction approved by the University, in acollege of the University, or in a medical school. recognisedfor this purpose by the University, in the subjects in whichthey offer themselves for examination. The followingcertificates will be required :-1. In Medicine and Surgery,of having attended the medical and surgical practice of ahospital or hospitals, approved by the University, during atleast three years, of which years two at least must be sub-sequent to the date of passing the Intermediate Examina-tion, except when exemption has been granted by theGeneral Board of Studies, after report from the Depart-mental Board of Medical Studies. 2. In Pathology andMorbid Anatomy, of having attended during at leasttwelve months demonstrations in the post-mortem theatreof a hospital. 3. In Obstetrics, of having attended, underproper supervision, at least twenty cases of labour.4. In Diseases of Women, of having, during at least threemonths, received in either a general or a special hospital,approved by the University, such clinical instruction in thediseases peculiar to women as shall be approved by theUniversity. 5. Of having acquired proficiency in Vaccina-tion. 6. Of having acted as a dresser for six months inthe surgical wards, and as a clinical clerk for six months inthe medical wards, of a hospital recognised by the Univer-sity. 7. Of having attended courses of instruction,approved by the University, in a college of the University,or in a medical school or hospital recognised for this

purpose by the University, in the following subjects ofexamination :-(a) Systematic Surgery-one winter session ;Practical Surgery-one winter session ; Clinical Surgery-two years of Clinical Lectures. (b) Systematic Medicine-two winter sessions; Clinical Medicine-two years of ClinicalLectures. (c) Forensic Medicine-one summer session;Public Health-one summer session. (d) Pharmacologyand Therapeutics-one winter or one summer session.(e) Obstetrics and Diseases of Women-two summer sessionsor one winter session. (f) General Pathology and MorbidAnatomy-one winter and one summer session.

Dcc/ree of Doctor of Medicine.-Candidates are not

eligible for the degree of Doctor of Medicine unlessthey have previously received the degree of Bachelorof Medicine, and at least one year has elapsed sincethey passed the examination for that degree. Candi-dates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine are requiredto present a printed Dissertatiun embodying the resultsof personal observations or original research, either insome department of medicine or of some science directlyrelative to medicine. No candidate will be admitted to thedegree unless his dissertation, after report from the Depart-mental Board of Medical Studies, shall have been recom-mended by the General Board of Studies to the Council foracceptance in that behalf. Candidates may be examined on

any subject connected with their dissertations..Decree of JY[aster of S1lr,qery.-.-Candidates are not eligible

for the degree of Master of Surgery unless they have pre-viously received the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, and at

least one year has elapsed since they passed the examinationfor that degree. The subjects of examination are as follows: e(1) Surgical Anatomy ; (2) Surgical Pathology; (3) PracticalSurgery, including the performance of operations on thedead body; (4) Clinical Surgery; (5) Ophthalmology.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

Three medical degrees are conferred by the University of £

Edinburgh-namely, Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), Master inSurgery (C.M.), and Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). The degreeof Master in Surgery is not conferred on any person whodoes not also at the same time obtain the degree of Bachelorof Medicine.No one is admitted to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine

and Master in Surgery who has not been engaged in medicaland surgical study for four years-the medical session ofeach year, or annus mcdicus, being constituted by at leasttwo courses of not less than one hundred lectures each, orby one such course and two courses of not less than fiftylectures each; with the exception of the clinical courses, inwhich lectures are to be given at least twice a week duringthe prescribed periods. 7Every candidate for the degrees of M.B. and C.M. must.

give sufficient evidence by certificates--(a) That he hasstudied each of the following departments of medicalscience-namely, Anatomy, Chemistry, Materia Medica,Institutes of Medicine or Physiology, Practice of Medicine,Surgery, Midwifery and the Diseases peculiar to Women andChildren, and General Pathology, each during courses.

including not less than one hundred lectures; PracticalAnatomy, a course of the same duration as those of not less.than one hundred lectures;8 Practical Chemistry, threemonths; Practical Midwifery=(1) that he has attended atleast twelve cases of labour under the superintendence of &

registered medical practitioner, or (2) that he has attendedsix such cases, and also has attended, for at least threemonths, the practice of a midwifery hospital in which prac-tical instruction is regularly given; Clinical Medicine andClinical Surgery,9 courses of the same duration as those of notless than one hundred lectures, or two courses of three months’lectures, being given at least twice a week; Medical Juris-prudence, Botany, and Natural History (including Zoology),during courses including not less than fifty lectures.(b) That he has attended, for at least two years, the medicaland surgical practice of a general hospital which accommo-dates not fewer than eighty patients, and possesses a distinctstaff of physicians and surgeons. (c) That lie has attended,during a course of not less than fifty hours’ instruction, the-class of Practical MateriaMedicaand Pharmacy in the 1) niver-sity of Edinburgh, or a similar class conducted in a universityor recognised school of medicine, or a similar class conductedat the laboratory of a hospital or dispensary, or elsewhere,,by a teacher recognised by the University Court; or thathe has been engaged by apprenticeship for not less thantwo years with a registered medical practitioner, or a

member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain,or a member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland,or a pharmaceutical chemist, or chemist and druggist;.registered under the provisions of the Act for Regulatingthe Qualifications of Pharmaceutical Chemists, 1852, thePharmacy Act, 1868, or the Pharmacy Act (Ireland),1875, in the bo7zCc-fide compounding and dispensing of drugs,and the preparation of their otlicinal and other preparationsunder his superintendence. (d) That lie has attended, forat least six months, by apprenticeship or otherwise, the out-door practice of a hospital, or the practice of a dispensaryphysician, a surgeon, or a member of the London or DublinSociety of Apothecaries. (e) That he has attended, duringcourses of not less than fifty hours’ instruction, classes ofPractical Physiology and Practical Pathology in the Univer-sity of Edinburgh, or in a recognised university or school of £

7 No course of lectures will be allowed to qualify unless the lecturercertifies that it has embraced at least one hundred lectures, or fiftylectures, in conformity with the requirements of this section. Threemonths’ courses on Materia Medica, Pathology, and Midwifery do notqualify.

8 Certificates of attendance on Practical Anatomy must express notonly the number of months engaged in dissection, but the names of theparts dissected, and the degree of care with which the dissections havebeen made. Students are recommended not to appear for an examina-tion in Anatomy with a view to a degree until they have dissected thehuman body at least once.

9 The Medical Faculty recommend that medical students should notattend Clinical Surgery during their first six months’ attendance onClinical Medicine.

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medicine, or upon classes ttiereot, conducted by a teacherrecognised by the University Court.Students of Medicine in the London Schools, and in the

school of the College of Surgeons in Dublin, can obtain theretwo medici out of the four required for the Edinburghdegrees in Medicine. Courses of lectures in these schools,and the courses of the medical teachers and of the scienceteachers in King’s College and in University College, London,in the subjects of graduation, are regarded as equivalent tolectures on the corresponding subjects in this University,except Materia Medica and Midwifery, which when onlythree months’ courses are not received as equivalent. One

annusmcdicusmay be constituted by attendance on PracticalAnatomy and Hospital Practice during the winter session.Another annltS 1Ilaedicus by attending either (a) full wintercourses on any two of the following subjects-Anatomy, Phy-siology, Chemistry, Pathology, Surgery, Medicine, ClinicalSurgery, Clinical Medicine; or (b) on one such course and twothree months’ courses on any of the following subjects--Botany, Practical Chemistry, Natural History, Medical Juris-prudence. If the student selects the arrangement prescribedin a, attendance on a third course, although unnecessary toconstitute an annus, will also be accepted. The other subjectsand the additional courses, not given in London or Dublin,necessary for the degrees of the University, require to beattended at this University. In provincial schools, wherethere are no lecturers recognised by the University Court, acandidate can only have one annU8 medicu8, and this is con-stituted by attendance at a qualified hospital along with acourse of Practical Anatomy. But in a provincial schoolwhere there are two or more lecturers recognised by thisUniversity, a second annusmcdicus may be made by attend-ance on at least two six months’ or one six months’ and twothree months’ recognised courses.Every candidate must deliver, before the 31st day of

March of the year in which he proposes to graduate, to theDean of the Faculty of Medicine, a declaration in his ownhandwriting that he has completed his twenty-first year,or that he will have done so on or before the day of gradua-tion, and that he will not be on the day of graduationunder articles of apprenticeship to any surgeon or othermaster. This declaration, along with a statement of studies,accompanied with proper certificates, is appended to theschedule for the Final Examination, and must be signedbefore the schedule is given in.Each candidate is examined, both in writing and orally,

on Chemistry, Botany, and Natural History ; on Anatomy,Institutes of Medicine, Materia Medica (including PracticalPharmacy and Prescribing), and Pathology; on Surgery,Practice of Medicine, Midwifery, and Medical Jurispru-dence; clinically, on Medicine and on Surgery in a hospital.The examinations on Anatomy, Chemistry, Institutes ofMedicine, Botany, Natural History, Materia Medica, andPathology are conducted, as far as possible, by demonstra-tions of objects placed before the candidates. Students whohave passed their examination on the first division of thesesubjects may be admitted to examination on the seconddivision at the end of their third year. The examination onthe third and fourth divisions cannot take place until thecandidate has completed his fourth annU8 mcdicu8. Candi-dates may, if they choose, be admitted to examination onthe first two of these divisions at the end of their thirdyear, or to the four examinations at the end of their fourthyear.The degree of Doctor of Medicine may be conferred on

any candidate who has obtained the degrees of Bachelorof Medicine and Master in Surgery, and who is of theage of twenty-four years, and produces a certificate ofhaving been engaged, subsequently to his having receivedthe degrees of M.B. and C.M., for at least two years inattendance on a hospital, or in the military or naval medicalservice, or in medical and surgical practice. Providedalways that the degree of M.D. shall not be conferred onany person unless he be a graduate in Arts of one of theuniversities of England, Scotland, or Ireland, or of suchother universities as are above specified, or unless he shall,before or at the time of his obtaining the degrees of M.B. andC..11., or thereafter, have passed a satisfactory examination onthree of the subjects mentioned in Section II. of the statutesrelative to preliminary examination. Two of these mustbe Greek and Logic or Moral Philosophy, and the third isto be one of the following subjects, at the option of thecandidate-namely, French, German, Higher Mathematics,and Natural Philosophy. And provided also that the candi

date for the degree of M.D. shall submit to the MedicalFaculty a thesis, certified by him to have been composed byhimself, and which shall be approved by the Faculty, on anybranch of knowledge comprised in the Professional Examina-tions for the degrees of M.B. and C.M. which he may havemade a subject of study after having received thesedegrees.The fees for M. B. and C. M. are :E22. Total fees and stamp

for graduating as M.D. only, by regulations for studentscommencing before February, 1861, £25. The fees for ex-amination must be paid at the secretary’s office ten daysbefore the dates thereof, and the fees for the degree of M.D.and the stamp duty for the latter must be paid on or beforethe 15th day of July in the year of graduation. In theevent of the candidate not passing any one of the Pro-fessional Examinations, the fee is not returned ; but he mayappear at one subsequent examination without paying anextra fee, and at any future examination on paying one-half the fee.

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UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW.

Three degrees in Medicine are granted--viz., Bachelor ofMedicine, Master in Surgery, and Doctor of Medicine. Thecurricula of study and the examinations for the severaldegrees conferred are nearly the same as in the Universityof Edinburgh. The annual term for conferring medical andsurgical degrees is the lst of August.The fees for the degrees are E21 for M.B. and C.M., which

are obtained together, and JE15 for M.D.The regulations under which the above degrees are granted

and the notices of the subjects of examination may beobtained by application to the assistant clerk, MatriculationOffice, the University.The First, Second, and Third Professional Examinations

are held in April and in October each year, and the Fourthor Final Examination is held annually in June and July.

UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN.

The curricula for the several degrees conferred are nearlythe same as in the University of Edinburgh.

Professional Examinations will be held twice in eachyear-namely, in April and July, directly after the close ofthe winter and summer sessions.The fees for graduation are the same as in the University

of Edinburgh. Matriculation fee, including all dues, forthe winter and summer sessions, El ; summer sessionalone,10s.Candidates who commenced their medical studies before

November, 1861, are entitled to appear for examination forthe degree of M.D. after four years’ study, one of whichmust have been in the University of Aberdeen.

Besides the Royal Infirmary, students have the oppor-tunity of attending the following institutions : Sick Chil-dren’s Hospital ; General Dispensary, and Lying-in andVaccine Institutions, daily; Royal Lunatic Asylum ; EyeInstitution, in which is given clinical instruction on theDiseases of the Eye, and on the application of the Ophthal-moscope for their diagnosis.A diploma in Public Health is granted by the University

to its graduates in Medicine, after a special examination.The diploma can be entered on the Register of the GeneralMedical Council.

Regulations for the Diploma io Public Health (D.P.H.).-Candidates for the diploma must have graduated in Medi-cine in the University before they receive the diploma ; andthey must give evidence of having attended a course ofinstruction in Analytical Chemistry or in Practical Hygiene.The diploma is conferred after an examination in PublicHealth, held in March and July of each year. Candidatesdesiring to appear for examination at either of these periodsmust send their names, with the necessary fee, to the Secre-tary of the Medical Faculty before the first day of themonth in which the examination takes place. The fee forthe examination is f3 3s. In the event of a candidatefailing to pass the examination, a fee of £1 1 ls. will becharged for each subsequent examination for which lie may

, enter. The examination is conducted by the examiners forthe medical degrees. The examination is written, oral, andpractical. The subjects and scope of the examination areas follows :-1. Physics and Meteorology: The general prin-ciples of Physics in so far as they relate to Heat and