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Rural crime in Scotland: What can we learn from the Scottish Crime Survey and Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics?. Susan McVie University of Edinburgh. Structure. Definition of terms About the Scottish Crime Survey Profile of rural crime Characteristics of victims Issues for rural victims - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rural crime in Scotland: What can we learn from the Scottish Crime Survey and
Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics?
Susan McVieUniversity of Edinburgh
Structure
• Definition of terms• About the Scottish Crime Survey
– Profile of rural crime– Characteristics of victims– Issues for rural victims– Relationships with the police
• About Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics– Standard and advanced reports– Thematic maps and data downloads
Definition of Rural
Urban = Populations over 10,000
Accessible rural = Populations smaller than 10,000 but within 30 minute drive of larger settlement
Remote rural = Populations smaller than 10,000 and more than 30 minute drive of larger settlement
Definition of Rural Crime
• Crime that happens in rural areas
• Crimes that are more specific/common to rural areas e.g. wildlife crime
The Scottish Crime Survey• National survey of households in Scotland• One adult per household, sample=5000• Eight sweeps since 1982, every 3-4 years• Main aims are:
– Provide a comparative measure of crime to police statistics
– Examine trends in extent & nature of crime– Study risks of victimisation– Collect information on crime-related issues, such as
concern about crime and attitudes to the police.
Limitations of the survey
• Not all crime types are included • Not all victims are included• Some sample bias can’t be corrected• Small samples make low level analysis
problematic e.g. at police force area level• BUT the new Scottish Crime and Justice
Survey 2008 has improved design and sample size
Estimated number of crimes in Scotland 2005/06
UrbanAccessible
ruralRemote
ruralRatio
Rural:Urban
MV Vandalism 122197 37609 7802 1 : 2.7
Property vandalism 80478 21646 4059 1 : 3.1
All MV thefts 70848 28089 3182 1 : 2.3
Housebreaking 48766 15616 0 1 : 3.1
Other household theft 108582 41448 7530 1 : 2.2
Violence 263843 46864 9656 1 : 4.7
Other personal theft 103585 39222 10627 1 : 2.1
Total 798299 230492 42856 1 : 2.9
Breakdown of national estimates by area type in Scotland 2005/6
74%
22%
4%
Urban
Accessible rural
Remote rural
Crime in urban areas
All MV thefts9%
MV Vandalism15%
P roperty vandalism10%
Housebreaking6%
Other household theft14%
Violence33%
Other personal theft13%
Crime in accessible rural areas
All MV thefts12%
MV Vandalism16%
P roperty vandalism9%
Housebreaking7%Other household
theft18%
Violence21%
Other personal theft17%
Crime in remote rural areas
All MV thefts7%
MV Vandalism18%
P roperty vandalism9%
Housebreaking0%
Other household theft18%
Violence23%
Other personal theft25%
Rates of victimisation per 10,000 households or people 2005/06
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Motor vehicle vandalism
Property vandalism
Housebreaking
Other household thefts
Vehicle thefts
Assault
Robbery
Other personal theft
Hou
seho
ld c
rimes
Rates per 10,000 hh/ind
Remote rural areas
Accessible rural areas
Urban areas
Pers
onal
crim
es
Incidence of crime (i.e. number of crimes per victim)
UrbanAccessible
ruralRemote
ruralMotor vehicle vandalism 1.4 1.2 1.8
Property vandalism 1.9 1.6 2.3
Housebreaking 1.3 1.4 -
Other household thefts 1.4 1.4 1.1
Vehicle thefts 1.3 1.3 1.0
Assault 1.9 1.7 1.6
Robbery 1.7 1.0 1.0
Other personal theft 1.2 1.6 1.1
Any crime 1.8 1.7 1.5
Reporting to the police• Crimes in rural areas slightly more likely overall to be
reported to the police than crimes in urban areas (39% vs 35%)
• This is particularly the case for vehicle thefts and property vandalism
• The main reasons for reporting crimes are:– It’s the right thing to do/duty to report– Hope the offender gets caught/punished– Wish to avoid the crime happening again/to others– Insurance claim or desire to recover property
• No difference between urban and rural areas
Percentage of crimes reported to the police
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Any crime
Motor vehicle vandalismP roperty vandalism
HousebreakingOther household thefts
Vehicle thefts
AssaultRobbery
Other personal theft
% within area type
Rural
Urban
Reasons for not reporting crimes to the police
0 10 20 30 40 50
Reason was police related
Police could have done nothing
Police not bothered/interested
Dislike/fear of police
Bad experience of police/courts
Trivial/not worth reporting
Dealt with it ourselves
Private/personal matter
Inconvenient/too much trouble
% within area type
Rural
Urban
Relationship of victim to offender
0 10 20 30 40 50
Current/ex-partner
Relative
other know n w ell
Casual acquaintance
Know by sight only
Stranger
% within area type
Rural
Urban
How well did the police keep the victim informed?
0 10 20 30 40
Very well
Fairly well
Not very well
Not at all well
% within area type
Rural
Urban
How satisfied were victims with the way police handled the matter?
0 10 20 30 40
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
A bit dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
% within area type
Rural
Urban
Age/sex profile of victims• No sex difference overall between victims and non-victims in
urban or rural areas (approx 50:50)
• The average age of victims in urban and rural areas was the same (age 39), although rural respondents were slightly older overall
• Looking at violent crimes in particular:– Males are more likely to be victims in both urban and rural areas, but the
gender gap is narrower in rural areas– Males aged 16-24 made up one third of victims in urban areas, but one
quarter of victims in rural areas– Older males (45-59) made up a higher proportion of violence victims in
rural areas than in urban areas– Victims of violence in rural areas were about 5 years older, on average,
than urban victims– Female victims were slightly older than male victims in both urban and
rural areas
Issues considered a 'big problem' in Scotland today
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Drug abuse
Alcohol abuse
Crime
Antisocial behaviour
Unemployment rates
Standards of housing
Standards of health care
Racial discrimination
Standards of public transport
Standards of education
% in each category
Remote rural
Accessible rural
Urban
Perceived change in crime rate in last 2 years
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
More Same Less
% o
f res
pond
ents
in e
ach
cate
gory
UrbanAccessible ruralRemote rural
Anxieties about crime• Most victims of crime in both urban and rural areas report
feeling ‘annoyed’ and ‘angry’ about their experience. • Less than 1 in 10 report ‘fear’.
• Those in remote rural areas are most likely to feel safe walking alone in their communities at night, urban residents feel least safe
• Most rural respondents also report feeling least worried about the possibility of being victimised in a range of ways
• BUT victims of crime in remote rural areas are most worried about being victimised again, particularly in relation to vehicle theft and vandalism