TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT EDITORIAL

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MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF GRADUATES AND GRADUATION ASMARA UNIVERSITY MESSAGE FROM A/DEAN OF AGRICULTURE AND AQUATIC SCIENCE MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES DAY DEGREE THE RATIONAL MOSTLY WONDERS ABOUT EDUCATION PLANT SCIENCE DAY DEGREE ARE YOU GENIUS THE LATE YOSIEF TECLE SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DAY DEGREE

THE EVENING OF 5th OF JULY ON THE PARK Pnn. 44: hsgd+fi MESSAGE FROM DEAN OF COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

* Y

JUST FOR FUN BIOLOGY DAY DEGREE GRADUATION: WHAT IS IT DRY OASIS CHEMISTRY DAY DEGREE FOUR YEARS OF CAMPUS LIFE TO BE A TEACHER MATHEMATICS DAY DEGREE JUST FOR FUN CHILLED GUILT PHYSICS DAY DEGREE COMIC STRIPS LIFE IN THE UNIVERSITY FALLACY MESSAGE FROM A/DEAN OF COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS ACCOUNTING DAY DEGREE

PAGE

W O D BYE DORMITORY LIFE WHAT IS LOVE? ACCOUNTING EVENING DEGREE ACCOUNTING EVENING DIPLOMA ECONOMICS DAY DEGREE ECONOMICS EVEMNG DEGREE BOSS OR LEADER i -

MANAGEMENT DAY DEGREE MANAGMENT EVENING DEGREE MANAGEMENT EVENJNG DIPLOMA A PLACE CALLED UNIVERSITY THE PHOENICIANS WERE THE FATHER OF LATIN ALPHABETS MESSAGE FROM DEAN OF COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LANGUAGE STUDIES ENGLISH DAY DEGREE BID GOODBYE GREETINGS LAW DAY DIPLOMA YOU TOMMORROW AN INTERVIEW WITH A BLIND STUDENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

What would you pay for people who helped you when you're highly in need of help and co-operalion. Money, gold, wealth . . .'? We don't think so. These might not pay your debt amply (abundantly). You need to reward them the precious things you possess in this world, GRATITUDE.

The committee, thus, would like to acknowledge its profound appreciation to Ato Abraham Tecle, Department of student's Service, together with some members of the university, for setting up this Bulletin committee and facilitating things greatly helped to raise enough fund for publishing this bulletin.

Equally we would like to thank Miss Gillan Floren from department of English for her valuable advice and cooperation in editing the writings.

Finally great appreciation goes to the different organizations & Companies, which were willing to advertise their commodities in our bulletin, and' to Ericom 2000 Computer Center, Which typed the first draft of this bulletin.

Editorial Committee

Editorial

At long last after negotiating the seemingly interminable and tortuous path fraught with many lunds of difficulties, we are now at the end of one part of our p i n e y . We are, as ~t were, at a crossroads that signals the end of' one part of our puiney and beginning of another. All the long sleepless hours of studies, the exams, the class presentations, the paper work, the library work, the GPA's, the life wlthin and without dormitories, and the cafeteria and its foods-all this is now history. At last the day has come, the 'dream' day, the day of gowns and mortar-boards, and great celebrations Congratulations!

We must remember that we the graduates of the year 199511996 are special. We are special in two respects: firstly, we are the first people to start and finish our studies wholly during the post-liberation period, and secondly, we are the largest group in s i ~ e since 'liberation'. In view of this, therefore, we are the first people to have the chance to be the first product of the nation's single university And what this impl~es LS

that we are the people who owe most to the 'land' for the land has provided us with aLl the resources and means at its d~sposal to see us become not just educated people but also responsible and worthy citizens.

Needless to say, therefore, that the life to come is going to be more arduous ~ n d more challenging for us for we canno1 la1 to l~ve up to the expectation of the country - a country which is st111 suffering from poverty, the after-effects of war, and illiteracy. Yet once we sincerely have set ourselves to this tremendous task both our future and the future of the country will havc been determined and our life will have become very meanmgful.

Once again we congratulate you on your successes and

wish you a happy life.

The Bulletin Committee.

Message from the President

In congmtulating the 1995/96 graduatmg dass 3 take special pleasure and pride to note that you are the largest graduating ckdss the university has ever had since independmce. This ycal the university is presenting thc nation with more than 500 graduates and it is my sincere hope that thls 1s an Indication of not only the quantitabvc u

but als,o qualitative changes that are occuring at the university.

The'seal wealth of a nation is its people both men and women and true devclopment can cinly be achieved by ~nvcsting. in himan capital and in creating an enabling cnvlronment tor people to enjoy, productivi,~y and health lives. The nation has mvestcd a great deal on you a& has provided you with appropriiuc knowledge,md skills. "Much will be required from whom much is given" ,~eedless to say that from such large graduating class much will be expected, I commend you to seize the oppcrrtunihx that you will be provlded with to mxke a significan~ mark m the devdopmcnt process of tilts nation

i

Llke all your p'redecessors as alumni of this institurYih I urge you to be good ambassadors and wish you the best of luck in ycjur future life.

OF GRADUATES AND GRADUATION

Graduation is a very happy occasion. it is a time when your university formally acknowledges and recognizes the successful completion of your studies, confers upon you its certiiicates of merit, and with a sense of pride purpose announces it to the public at large. This is indeed an occasion lo celebrate with family members, friends and loved ones, and thank those who have helped you along the way.

Despite acute shortages and limitati-ons we all face in building our university, you have preserved and worked hard and long to achieve your goals. You should be very proud of your accomplishments because you have earned them the hard way. In the process, I am sure you have developed a strong and keen sense of dwipline, direction, and responsibility . All of these will contribute towards your professional and personal growth and development. Yes, it is time to celebrate. CONGRATULATIONS.

Graduation is also a time to reflect on and reminisce about the good and not so good times you had at the university. You have learned new things and ideas, hopefully developed the ability to think critically and analytically, made friends, encountered problems and concerns, and at times gotten very frustrated. T h s is part and parcel of the learning process. Your experiences here at the University of Asmara are of paramount interest to students, faculty and to the institution as a whole. As alumdae, you should all see to it that it grows and

excels as the country's center of hgher learning. It is, incumbent on all of you to contribute to ensure its relevance and to help promote its excellence.

By no means does your graduation imply resignation from university matters andlor further education. It simply signifies the end of one phase of your participation and the beginning of another one, that may be more proactive. For the benefit of those who come after you and the overall welfare of the university, your participation and advocacy as alum members is encouraged and expected. Do not hesitate to exercise this right as you see fit. To ignore it would be unwise and a negligence of duty.

The very essence of university education is to produce leaders and productive members of the society who, through the use of the acquired knowledge, become full participants and partners in the development of the country. At- a time when the needs of this nation are so immense, it is important to doubly commit yourselves to serve the people. After all you are the beneficiaries of much toil and sacrifice. To simply state that your country needs you as a gross understatement. As you prepare to answer the call of duty, I wish you good luck, happiness, and success in life.

Afeworki Asghedom Measho, Ph.D. Professor of Immunology and senior Fulbright Scholar Biology Department, University of Asmara.

Asmara university, the absnc t and the real The genuine and the invulnerable

Asmara university, the quiet storm; The real myth

Asmara university, the fear; the puzzlement The terror, the mirth

Asmara university, the desperate struggle; The den of success

Asmara university, the old; the forgotten The prosperous

Asmara university, the ray of hope; The twilight of desperation

Asmara university, the cradle of ignorance The scale of wisdom and intellect

Awelkhier Idris 4th year Economics

The Main Building of Asmara University

5

On the behalf of the mmmuil?? d -k ~ N l s g of AgricuirmE rd Aquatic Sciences, I congrmlaa ?cu 1.w ) ( ur xhceemml and at%h you success in your future carer.

1 take the opportunity to call on all ~ ~ + % \ z pbh axl p-iva@e employas to facilitate you employma( or - )a in &F-

employment, wherever possible.

, I t I

Mohamed Kheir Omer man, C~lTege of Agriculme and Aquatk Sciences.

- Education makes a people easy lo l@ but difficult to a; easy to g o v m but - '..+ impossible to enslave. zdE-.:&

Lmd Brougham - A great obstacle to happiness is lo expea too much h;lpmess.

Fontenelle. - We are all inclined to judge owselves by our ideals; others, by (heir acts.

Harold Nichasrr - Courage is not the absence of fear but the concealing of it.

Nelson Mamkh

MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES DAY DEGREE

Biniam Ghebreyonas Biniam Tseggai Daniel Habteselassie Awet Tewolde

Desalegn Asihel

--

Henok Melles Esayas Welday Isaac Ghebregziabher Isaac Habte

Millinn Ghirmay Mussie Dawit Mussie Tekle Mussie Tesfahiwet

Tesfom Gheaac Samuel Negassi Semere Haile Nadia Mahmud - I

Simon Tecleab Yonas Eabte Yebio Ghebretensae as Fessehaye

THE RATIONAL MOSTLY WONDERS ABOUT

"Oh! My child," Uttered the world, "Here, full of delight, Take nature, my gift" When out from the womb, I got. Life, is it reward or penance? Blessing or curse? Poverty or treasure? Sorrow or pleasure?

Food, clothing, shelter, full, , I grew up, joined my school,

Acquired knowledge, . . . 7 ' .

covered the brain hole, In society, played my role, "Oh! This would seem . . .

setting the turmoil," I said, " Giving satisfaction,

pleasing my soul?" . . But, is that all? 1 shared my life with my endeared, To be no longer two but a set, To be yoked, to beget. Forty years I aged, I observed my skin wizened, Bald and grey, my head, Even now, not deciphered, The meaning of life, I never founa.

I'm now sixty, I know lucky people . . .

stay for seventy, If because of special . . .

mightness for eighty,

I know great people finish . . . their years like a whisper,

I too am getting . . . decrepit further.

In a semblance walk . . . about men,

Suddenly snatched away . . . by death cyclone,

Life is, but in vain. Look! Our days are few, Transpire fast like the dew. Nature, with all its gift, Our life, how short! The only meaning all its gift, our life, how short! The only meaning , the ultimate? Our end? our prospect? Or it has a mystcry, further. Oh! Should I quit striving to

know about my future? No, I have to make for

meaning, the quest, For this must be the rational

mostly wonders about.

Beniam Tseggai Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries Fourth year

Some staffmembers of Plant Science

PLANT SCIENCE DAY DEGREE

Abraham Medhaniesb Abraham Eessehaie

Biniam Yem;int: Biniam Weldeab Bahlebi Kibreab

Ermias Adhanom Eden Eessehaie -

Dawit Solomon

- Fitsumberhan Goitom

Kibrom Emun lsaak Yosief Habtewold Wolday

Okbe GIAmlak Ked~et Berhanykun Kezene WHer

Senait GIAifa Sami Omer

radese Yonannes

- - -- , ,

Tedros Amine Teklay Reda

Tesfalem Sebhatu

L I I I I ~ ~ ~ Matewos r es~amcnael Hintsa Tsehaye Zeru

Y osief Asghedom

Are you Genius?

1) While Bill was walking with his dog, he met his mother-in-law's only daughter husband's son. What relation was this person to Bill?

*- 2) Ann has the same number of sisters as she has brothers, but her brother John has mice as

many sisters as he has brothers. How many boys and how many girls are in the family?

Source: Reader's Digest. Januaq 1992. Adapted by: Khalid A&

Look at the answer's an page 37_: . .

ACCREDITED AGENT

%@

Make all your travel plans with Eriirea's premier travel agency

The late Yosief Tecle

He was born on the 8" of February 1972, in Dekemhare, Akeleguzai. He attended his elementary, junior and high school class in Dekemehare.

After liberation he joined the University of Asmara in 1991192 Academic year. He was doing Soil and Water Conservation when he martyred, on December 1993 in the National Sm%x Programme, in Barentu.

ON "LIFE"

Of I hear of life, They say it is balancing; On the edge of knife, Full of joy, love, lament and _mief, Being a life passes "Life".

Or is that it? Desertng you in no place Neither leaving any trace Long does it seem, Yet, ends like a dream, Death p p s the brim.

Or is that it? Some live long, Others are not strong. Rest is so blunt, To quit it in the midest Deserting all the quest.

Or is that i t?

Some staffmembers of Soil and Water '

Conservation

J-o~ief Txle is a symbol to his Nation, and ptiiularly to hisfellow batch mates.

We, the 1995196 graduates convey our deep cor~dolence.

By: Teclu Kidane Soil and Water Conservation

But gone are dead, Nude to "Life's" end, Are they imprisoned in the snoring Or sunk in the vast oceans; Or lost in the sand? Or detained in No-Man's-Land?

Or is that it? Bell will toll for some In times to come, To fare well home Never to let them still Living on the lively hill.

Or is that it? That is the way: of this world; If we, so don't m n d And take no heed Wedle-ofthis\tL r, Y. m d For the earth is r ~ 1 -

B! F . 3 lrkinstab

wind

SWC IV

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION DAY DEGREE

Abraham Berhe Abraham Mahary -

Amanuel Fessehaye Amanuel isehay

4-..--nuel Asrat .-a an Mesfii

Biniam Iyob Asmerom Fissehatsion Daniel Yohannes

Eyob Habte Idu Tesfamichael

Getachew Teklay Haben Asgedom Isayas Haila

Mehari Zewde -

Isaac GISelassie

Michael Berhane Mulugeta Shibeshi

Teklu Tewoldebrhan 1 esralem Teclealfa lasratsion Zere

Tewolde Andemariam Thomas Asfaha'

Yohannes Fitwi Yohannes Habte Yonas Beyene

Yosief Tesfahiwot Yosief W/ Michael

"The greatest gift you can give another is the purity of your attention."

Richard Moss By: Ykuno Ghirmay 3rd year, soil and water conservation

The Evening of 5th of July on the Park '

I was sitting in a beautiful park. It was night but a bright moon illuminated everything. The park was full of flowers and fruit trees of many types.

I started to walk, moving toward the flowers. Their beautiful colors attracted me as well as butterflies; which were oblivious to their beauty.

The strong scent of the flowers relaxed my body; I felt though I was falling in love. I surrendered, yielding the spell of the flowers. I felt them with my fingers, their fine. smoothness, the smell, the sight and the feeling of that moon-lit evening made me madly happy and appreciate the coming day, the day of my graduation.

When the wind moved,the flowers seemed to dance and bow in my mind honour, congratulating me. The flowas' Dzp. of Soil B water conservation 4& year.

On behalf of the academic and non academic personnel of the Collage of Science. and on my own behalf, I would like to congratulate all the graduates of 1996, and wish all of them success in their future efforts to serve the community, whch has Invested so much in them. and in thier efforts to success in life and in their professions.

Chebrebrhan OGgbaz$i, PhD Dean. Colkze of Science

Just For Fun There was a very cautious man

Who never remped Or never planted

He never smoked He never drank

Or even kissed a maid The day he passed away His insurance was denied.

For since he never lived They claimed he never died.

By: Daniel Tsegay 4fh Year, Economics.

BIOLOGY DAY DEGREE

Andemeariam Teclai Asmerom Araia Beniam Tesfay Betiel Fisehazion

flereket Seltene Ermias ~ h e b r e a b " ~ Endrias Haileab Ermias Menghisteab

Eyob Berehane r mum Ogbarnicael Ghirmay Keleta

Haddish Gebrekirstos Helen Fekadu -

Kifleyesus Ghebreab

Negusse Maekele Mussie Habte Mussie Fekadu

-- Solomon N-!

Yohannes Bein

Just For Fun

Freshman: "What11 we do tonight?" . . \ - \ . Sophomore: " We Will toss a coin. If it is head, we will get dates, it is tail, we g~ l, @e

movie, if it on e d g ~ we wilt study."

Source: Teacher's T v d Wes Adapted by !hdx Estadnos

n' year, ILS

Graduation: What is it?

When a student is about to graduate after years of academic turmoil and perhaps suffering, all hopes are suddenly raised high. The student, his parents, relatives and friends view graduation as the culmination of years of arduous work and sacrifice as well as the realization of a life - long dream. This is the moment to start to reap what was sown.

However, while graduation may be the cdmination of years of committed work by the students and emotional and other kinds of support by kith and kin, it may not necessarily be the realization of a life-long dream. Many students dream, in the course of their educational careers of great things when they finish. Unfortunately, life is never a linear calculus but so skewed that frequently one's dream are never realized. A person's failures to realize his dreams may tempt him to apportion blame to anybody who appears blamable. Some people even blame the educational system or society at large.

This article is to try to proviue some kind of shock adsorbed to help the student cope with the myriad post - graduation problems. If a person senses that his life - long dream has turned out to be unreachable, he need not stick to it; it has become an unrealizable and wild dream. Let him switch easily to a new dream. There are so many other dreams and opportunities one can pursue. Flexibility should the catch-word. And, For the sake of Godness, please blame no one for any failure because upon proper scrutiny, no one has actually contributed to mishap.

With this simple advice, I hope the graduating student is able to easily cope with post-graduation problems and the outside life. I wish you all every bit of good luck in your new life.

Dr. Aggrey 0.Oyat

Asst. Prof. and head of political Science Unit.

Photographing Sub committee

Fitsum Ogba Michael(Chairman)

Teklehaimanot WISellasie

Issak Habte

Filmon Mihretab

Negash Atta

Some staffmembers of Chemistry

Drv Oasis

Amidst the night Chaos suffocated the moon, To and fro shadowed the dim light And the black voice of silence conquered m n .

Even the ants marched dispersedly And confused; Souls ran desperately And multifaceted.

Hungry bellyf empty notion Met in unity. Mercy lost its kingdom, When immoral justice was considered bouny

IIhe paws fished the hut

But found bone & skin The cry outraged the sky of saint, While the cherub descending

conscience prison. Oh, what if the stomach commend to function While the soul ceased to dream! wherefore the lion lost emotion While he vowed for them.

The deer came out of h c But found none of its folks Solemnly cried in a rage, Wherethereis ahugofthewQhier

(By: Filmon G/gbQ, a cant. from page A T SO

most was knowing that these books on different areas of knowledge existed and were, indeed, within easy reach of me. Indeed, if I were to be asked "What would you like to learn in a university?" my answer would be "I like to learn how to search for books in different fields of knowledge in the library or I like to learn how to End your way in and out of the

library, how to use the catal- and call numbers, and how to dig lu discover books on your own Ward, I would really appreciate it if we uxze m Lt examined on ways of using tk i i b q pr getting the right books and ' ' more than anything else.

Ibrahim A k h d m a m A6 Department ofEa@&

CHEMISTRY DAY DEGREE

Amanuel Habtemariam

Aron Hailemichael Benhur Ogbay Efrem Afeworki

Ghenet Kidanemariam Mathewos ~eldeslas;;

A..eseret Cheffena Mohammed Mustofa Musa Mohammed

Negash Atta Petros Menghis

/ ERITREAAN CLEARING AND FOR\17ARDWG A G E N C ~ PVT. LTD. CO. ESTADLISHED IN

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* TRACKING 7 i- - * CARGO INSPECTION

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FOUR YEARS OF CAMPUS LIFE to settle me when unmoved.

When I arrived at the campus Wanting to know better than I possessed I was alone without a friend To step forward, to look ahead.

The social life I had to face. The real path I had to trace My ambition to get success Warned me more than I could guess.

Every hour after that day Taught me something for everyday And helped me to get my way

So I adapted to the campus life and chose a friend so that I might Get success or just survive

I chose a friend to light the dark To do away with all bad luck. I chose a friend to share my joy

After a few years in the campus The day arrives that we should pass The day arrives. . . . . .

To say good bye to each other Wishing the best for the future Bit in my heart there is sorrow When I say "Bye," and not hello

I feel sorry, 'cause I don't know What will happen tomorrow.

Samson Mehari Depr. of Soil and Water Conservation 4th Year.

Some of Mathematics . - .

TO BE A TEACHER

A teacher is like a candle burning I hear people say; Who takes the intiative lead And shows the way. But remains stuck At one spot; Having no life change Throughout.

To me their saying is valid And quite true; As it is to say two and two make four And the sky is blue.

Indeed the life of a teacher Is m8notonous; whose monthly salary Bnngs no changes. It 1s not worth his Endeavour: Though he or she is really A hardworker.

Always it is to argue with srPcLcrls And quarreling; To shout again and again, And fighting. "Hey. You a1 the back!' s Frequert..tXy; "Would you please shut ycwrm

mouth! ??" repeals w- If f ie teacher is lucky m y just keep quiet; Till he or she starts To write.

MATHEMATICS DAY DEGREE

Amanuel Habte ~ I U Afeworki

Biemnet Fessehaie Araya Beraki Azieb Hagos

Daniel Tewelde Daniel Welday Dawit Tsegay

Fikremariam Yacob

Ghebreyesus Asefaw Hab--. Woldemichael Fitsum Yebio

Hagos Tewolde

Jemal Saleh

Lu'ula Ghebxmedhin

Nassw Mohammed Jemal

Petros Zekarias

Samson Negassi Sellas Habte

Siham Mukhtar Simon Yemtme Tedros Misghina

leme 1 esfagaber

Temesghen Belay Tesfu Baraki Tesfu Nega Yebio Hadgu

Yemane Mehari Yosief Tekie Yoseph Estifanos Yosief Tesfay

Zerai Ghebretensae

1) Wear your learning, like your watch, in a private pocket. Don't pull it out merely to show that you have one. if asked what O'clock it is, tell it; but don't proclaim it hourly and unasked, like the watchman.

" Chesterfield

Just for ftm!

By: Ghirmay Ghebremussie IV year, Department of Economics & Finance 1996

2) Aeollegestudenttookexamsinsix subjects andreceivedfiveFsandone D. So the dean of stuck@ ~l l l l l l~~led him to his office a& asked, "Why did you get five FsT Tbe stndeatq&d,

. "3-Iwas-onone subject-"

Some staffmembers of Physics

Members of fund- raising sub-committee I. Habtom W/Micheal 2, Daniel Beyene 3. Awelkier Idris

CHILLED GUILT

The caravan was passing When I redeemed; Devil things used to dance around me But now virtue reigned

My black sin washed away through the black salvation, And yet I turned to a deadly soul sinner Who has no solution.

While I am belly full And warm, I hardly thought of the roofless hut and him.

3 3

Wide but weak eyes Are seen inside the cottage Waiting for somebody to descend. Oh, simulation dominated my courage And kept my head up-ward!

Still the wave of cry was ringing, Invading the silence of my conscience. But I was grinning Trying to . . .

Trying to cry out in muteness

Filmon Glghi

PHYSICS DAY DEGREE

Mdugheta Meles

I!,

IMPORT & EXPORT

BUILDING MATERIAL 4 ;

GENERAL ~ 1 2 4 ~ 1 ~ ~ & AGENT

FORMICAS PLYWOODS TIMBER WOODS

LEATHER CLOTHES DECORED PLYWOOD ARMSTRONG CEILING

READY MADE DOORS

' MMARA Zone 3 Sub. Zone 1 STR. Lebne Dengel no. 29 Tel 121912 Fax 291 1- 120933 p,o.box 5621

Massawa Zone 1 sub.Zsnc 1 Te1 & Fax 552876 p.a.box 30

I(

Comic Strips

1) Teacher: " Give me the future of 'marry"' Pupil: " Divorce"

2) Teacher: "Michael, if the earth is round, why don't we fall off?"

Michael: "The law of gravity, sir." Teacher: " Correct." Michael: " But sir, what happened before

the law was passed?" Source: Magazine of the college of commerce

(1990-91) Addis Ababa. By: Arnan Fessehaye

4& Year ELS

Students in the cafeteria

LlFE IN THE UNIVERSITY

I joined Asmara university in September 1991 after passing the entrance exam which was conducted almost immediately following the independence of Eritrea-two or three months after the liberation of the country. The exam wkch was a substitute for Etbiop13LI) matriculation exam for the UN7r-eZjty. was a hurriedly done or prepared piece of work, conducted so that the one and only Eritrean university might not be closed and be without students following the independence of the country. Formerly, before joining the university my idea of a university was that of an institution in which formidable people with formidable brains study day and night and pass difficult exams and learn and think a lot (you know, the sort of people way ahead of the average) . Therefore. naturally, when I started studying at the university, I was very afraid and unsure of whether I would be able to pass the exams and be successful. However, things have not been bad for me for I have been able to survive the four years of study at the university or to be exact the eight semesters. However, for all that, I have not been happy with the university life for apart from the social and friendly relations you develop with people from different backgrounds little can be said in the way of the exams, teachers or instructors, and learning experiences.

The one thing I enjoyed in my university experience has been the social life. You meet with different people from different family and social backgrounds and work together and share your experiences with them. Different people from different ethnic groups and with different religions work and study together and have fun together in the little time they are able to spare. This was especially true

during rh h -pc1 of my collage life for in tbat prdod I hgd in a dorm with other msis m a 11 my home (in 1991 5-nfi inwit ha& , h a r a and other pars ii t ik wme allowed to &I-c kkue tbe number of sxmckms w tk following !car d of us bring in Asmara hdtolsarrtkplaceforthasecoming fiom the towns and vdkges). Sleeping m the same room with some of your classmates together, telling jokes and stories, and caring for your room-mates were the things you never forget in your life when they happened during the time of anxiety, fear, and nervousness about the exams and teachers, when you are wondering if you would still be studying there (in the university ) by the next semester.

When, however, I think about the exams that I have passed through , I am never quite happy about them. In a nutshell , I can say that the exams were and still are not adminisreTed with a view to measuring the students knowledge and learning experiences; rather they measured the stndents memorization skill. The parrots or students who can IlKnroriae their learning materials v- get the best grades. Questions in the srams are of a fill-in, multiplechoice, or explaiu types. Even those that require a shart essay type answer from the stodents negr6re the cramming of facts by tbe s m b t to answer them. Questions of big& degree like how, 8

E predict, justify,. apply, or rPbe a - your own experiences, d so a at only rarely asked evm by & courses that are c o d teaching like the Edwatimm Therefore, in a number of iml+-am I have seen many people crr smkzas were really bright, who did a Pot d reading, and who had a goad

Fallacy

In us are the autumns, And springs within us; All winters and summers aren't Feral Nature's feoffal curse.

What's there in a day, Or, a day, a life? An Autumnal ripe, Or a wintry strife?

A May Day - a day may; May passes in swing; Sheer shadows are they - In mind's ordained sway; Them, in our lives, Lovingly we sing.

Dr. Rathin Bhattacharjee

Dear Graduates,

It is a pleasure to congratulate you for your successful university study accomplishment. . . . .You are expected to face all sorts of development challenges and I hope that the knowledge you acquired at the university will be instrumental in solving them successfully. On behalf of the college of bussiness and Economics I wish you all thc bcst and success in all your endeeavours.

Awet N'Hafash ! ! Mehari Tewolde A/Dean of the collage of bisiness and

Economics

Some staffmembers of Accunting

Answers for questions on page 12.

Answers 1) His son 2) Four girls and three boys.

ACCOUNTING DAY DEGREE

Abiel Alem hanue l Kassa

Biniam Kahsu B-.,-n Iyasu

uaniel Beyene Daniel Tesfamariam Brhane Fes-

Ermias Yohannes Dawit Tecle Dawit H a y e h

Fitsum Ghidey Ghenet Ocube Eyob N e e Wshatsion Fetwi

Habtom Weldemichael Hana Gebrebrhan Isayas Hayelom

Iyassu Yohannes -

Kemal Johar Kubrom Abraha Mathewos Zeru

Mogos Yakob Mohammednur Nurhussen Michael Afeworki Michael Fishazion

Kussom Kebedom Semere Zere Sewit Bereketab

Senait B eiene Suleman Adem Ykealo Yohannes Yohannes Tsegai

Yonas Alem Yosief Hailemichael Zegergish Tsegai

Students in a dormitory

Goodbve dormitorv life

Five years ago my dormitory life began To shoot the target and to win To start a new life of one's own. Departed from family and friends To have new brothers and sisters To act as children of one family To pass through busy life Full of tragedy and comedy Dormitory life is full of complexities Comprising thousands of behaviours One group plays and the other dances One jokes, the other shouts One pub off the lights while the other studies Still another sleeps and dreams Particularly during exams To escape from being victims not to be taken by the storms

"Please wake me up after half an hour. I have a lot to cover," one begs. To become one of the "nocturnals" To be active during the nights To score good grades or at least to pass "Please don't disturb us" one says. "You may go to the 'spacg," the other replies All these characters The dormitory serves. Now the departure comes After struggling for five years To leave dormitory life To say "Goodbye dormitory life."

Goodbye dormitory life.

By - Yohannes Habte Department of Soil and Water Conservation

(Year IV)

If there is a more frequently misused word blue velvet ox blue steel. Love may ask me

which commits me to wha@ver is best for the one I love. Love moves me to say, to do, wZl&ve;r the one loved needs, Love may ask me to be tough or W r , to be

ACCOUNTING EVENING DEGREE

Tsigab Beyene Yordanos Tsegai Wasie Ahrned

Senalt Habte

Students in a library

Fiipos Afewerki Genet Tesfay Elias Ablei

Mesret Tesfagiorgis Menal Omer Kaleb Tekehawariat

Saba Bereket ,,,,medhin Michael Abraha

Solomon Yemane Solomon Y igzaw

Leake Alazar

Tsega Esiet Tseghana Ghebregherghis

Yosief Temelso

cant. from page H &7 knowledge of things in the world but who got F or totally got dismissed from the university simply because they failed to memorize or recite the handout materials given to them by their teachers. Similarly, many weaker students passed the exams by getting higher grades just because they are good at cramming facts into their heads-facts which would never remain in their heads for more than two weeks.

Closely related to this problem is the problem with the teachers. There were and still are some teachers who do not test the students slulls appropriately. That is, some teachers through bias evaluate their students unfairly. They regard as their favourites students who got good grades in the past and who may appear to them to be active in the class and tend to give good grades to them even when you know that they have not worked as well as you have. I have known quite a few of students who had better knowledge and who were sharper than the students the teacher appreciated but who were crushed down below simply because they were not known in the class. So sometimes, I must say, you get the feeling that you are not going to get good grades even when you are 95 % sure that you have done well because the teacher does not include you in the circle of his so-called bright-sparks.

Apart from all these, I also cannot help asking myself questions regarding the things we learned in the past in the university and the immediate and recurring answer that comes forth from my mind is "nothing". I sometimes feel that the past 4 years of my life in the university has been a waste because I cannot say that I have learned anything new of significance. Apart from learning how to memorize course materials by heart which I forget so soon following the termination of the exam, I do not feel that I have learned anything substantial from any course.

Of all the things in the University life, the most worthwhile things that I can say I have learned were going to the central library and searching and reading books that interest me. During the past 4 years I have known how and where to find the encyclopedias,biographical dictionaries, dictionaries of philosophy and literature and a lot of other reference books in addition to novels, historical and sociological books, and other course- related books. The one thing which I can say, changed my life . . .

Continued on p a g e s ' 29

Some staffmembers of Economics

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Fund Raising Sub-uommitee

1. Russom Kebedom 7. Beniarn GIYonas 2. Ermias Yohannes 8. Fikadu TMichael 3. GebrebrhanMihretab 9. Tesfalem Sebhatu 4. Genet Kidanemariam 10. Yonatan Haile 5. Belay Habtegebriel I I. Samuel WMichael 6. Abraham Desale 12. Andegiorgis Eyassu

13. Ermias Mengstab 14. Fikremariam Yacob 15. Gebreyesus Asfaw 16. Yebio Hadgu 17. Asmeret Asfaw

(Secretary of the coordinating committee)

Students at sports activity

Jos '96

ECONOMICS DAY DEGREE

-_8raham Tesfay Abraham Menassie

-- -

Bariaghabr Tesfatsion Awet Gebremichaell Awelkier Idris

Dawit Embaye Daniel Tecle Daniel Tsegai

Fitwi Ghezai Fessaha ~ a h s a i Filimon Ghebrezghi

Hanna Fessehazion Goitom Habtom -

Ghirmay Ghebremussie Ghebreberhan Mehretab

lbrahim Idris nansay ~ h e b r e h i w z Henok Tseghe

Kiros Tadesse Mebrat Haile Medhanie G h m a y

Negassi Paulos Samson Berehane Sium Solomon I Samuel Isaac

Sultan Fessehaye sol or nor^ Binga Solomon Berhe

Tsehai Afwerki Terhas Tecle Yodit Zemedberhan

lsayas Tekle *,

Zecarias Kidane Mebrahtu

Zekarias Kidaue Weldemariam

"There are two types of people - those who come into a room and say, 7

"Well here I am! " and ' J

those who say, " Ah, there you are!"

Source: Readers Digest '94 Hana Fessehazion

41h year Economics Department

ECONOMICS EVENING DEGREE

Fitsum Ghebreweldi

II i t , C S f i

If there be righteousness in the heart There will be beauty in the character

If there be beauty in the character There will be harmony in the home

If there be harmony in the home There will be order in the nation

K there be order in the nation There will be peace in the world

Chinese Proverbs Okbay Fkadr, FLS 4'h year

Some staffmembers of Mangement

w The boss uses "I", the leader uses "We". The boss creates fear, the leader inspires trust. The boss knows how, the leader shows how. The boss orders, the leader acts. The boss relies on his authority to get things done,

the leader relies on cooperation to get things done. The boss provokes resentment, the leader fires enthusiasm

Source: Views and News ATTI BHOPL MONTHLY BULLETIN Adapted by: Fisseha Tesfai IV year, plant science.

MANAGEMENT DAY DEGREE

Amanuel Araya

-

Afewerki Weldernichael &deghiorgis Eyasu Beyene Tewolde -

Daniel Debesay

Daniel Kiros Daniel Solomon Ghebrelu'ul Hailom

Kibreab Habteselassie

Kubrom Tekie Mekonnen Habte 60

Mulugheta Weldemariam Mogos Beede

Samuel Mehari Samson Asmare Tewodros Haile Naizghi

- Tewolde Kahsay r oadnes Ghirmay Tedros Haile

Tesfatsion Tesfay Tewolde

Yosief Abraha Yohannes Yosief

Singular or plural? ?.

Teacher: Student:

Is "trousers" plural or singular? At the top i$ singular, but at the bottom it is plural.

By Efrem Ghidey ILS

MANAGEMENT EVENING DEGREE

Amanuel Aklilu Lilay Dawit Suim Ghebrehiwet Leake

Tsehaynesh ~ i d a n i Tesfamichael Berhane

Our life is what our thought make it.

Marcus Aurelius

By: Ykuno Ghirmay 3rd year, soil and water conservation

MANAGEMNET EVENING DIPLOMA

'1 / Ii? ;

Abraham Haile Almaz Abbay Medhanit Assefaw Michael Ghebreyesus

Temesgen Berehane Tewolde Ghebrekidan Yemane Kefela Yosief Abraha 62

Temesgen Alemayoh

Dawit:

Salma:

Dawit:

Salma:

Dawit:

Salma:

A PmCE C A m D U N I ~ E W ~ I T ~ Dialogue between Dawit and Salma

Salma, how would you define a university?

I guess it is a place where one learns, that is, attempts to understand self and others, and accepts one's mistakes and learns from them, too.

That sounds philosophical. I thought a university was a place where clever students enrolled in order to be conferred a degree to certify their cleverness.

There is a grain of truth to what you are saying. However the degree is supposed to be a symbol of knowledge-meaning responsibility, commitment, honesty, creativity, justice, etc., etc.

Salma, I am not sure what you are saying. I always thought that while in a university the thing to do was earn passing grades, not to be responsible, honest and all the other things you said. By the way, are there courses that teach responsibility'?

I see where you are failing, Dawit. A university is like a marketplace where you meet all kinds of people, from all walks of life, who affect your life in many ways.

Dawit:

Salma:

Dawit:

Salma:

Dawit:

Salma, don't be d~fficult. We joined the University and you were assigned social science, I to the science faculty, though I don't yet understand why. I studied chemistry and you management.

You are right. What we have becomes is not what we really wanted but it was the only opportunity we had. Remember, most of our friends did not ever get the chance to join the university !

I am not sure, Salma, whether as the result of these four years we have become any different from them in the areas you mentioned earlier.

Well, I guess the fact that we are discussing the issue suggests at least we have had some change of attitude towards life.

Thank you, Salma. I guess I sense some of what you are saying. My feeling is. now that we have the degree we might seriously start afresh to thmk and reason. After all, we will not be graded anymore.

By Dr. Fesseha Haile Education Programme. April, 1996.

Development of The Alphabet

Read across to see how a Latin Alphabet grew out of that invented in the Fertile Crescent.

The Phoenicians were the father of Latin ~lphabets .

Phoenician businessmen had not time for fine literature but they needed a system of writing to make out business orders and bill of sale. The hieroglyphies of the Egyptians and the cuneiform writing of Babylonia took too much time. Historical research has discovered that the first idea for a simple alphabet probably came from one of the tribe living near phoenicia. The phoenician businessmen knew a good thing when they saw it. They took over their neighbour9s idea and made it their own. Since they were the only people whose trading took them all over the western Mediterranean, their alphabet was the first to be widely introduced into Europe.

At first the Greek distrusted the queer block marks on paper, fearing that they might be some charm to bring bad luck. But gradually the mistrust disappeared. Finally the phoenician alphabet and adapted into their own use. They handed it on to the Romans and to the peoples of western Europe, who in turn pass it on to us. Thus the course of civilization moved westward as the phoenician ships carried this cargoes to ports farther and farther away from the eastern Mediterranean. That is the reason this article is written in the simple letters of the so-called phoenician alphabet instead of in hoerpglyphies or cueiform writing.

Source: Story Nation by Rogers, Adarns and Brown New York. Henry and Company, 1952 page 58

Hassen Ali Department of Enghh

Congratulations on this very important landmark in you life.

You are standing at the threshold of the future. The education that you have achieved todate is key element of success that you have had. It is also the preparation uhich will allow you to move on to future success. You, the 1996 graduates of Asmara university, will go on to become tomorrow's leaders.

Congratulations! ! !

Dr. Seth I. Nyagava Dean, College of Arts and Language Studies

The conversation of the old and the young ends generally with contempt or pity on

either side.

Samuel Johnson By Haben Asghedom

Some staffmembers of English

ENGLISH DAY DEGREE

Amanuel Goitom Aman Fessehaye Abel Medhanie

Daniel Michael Daniel Tesfay ~sauretsion Eyassu Daniel Gebreselassie

Efrem Tsegai Esaw Araia Feven Negusse Ekem Ghidey

%&hy Mehreteab Goitom Bissirat Haile Weldetnsae

Jemal M. Take nenok Nerayo lbrahim Abdurahman Hassen Ali

cgeat Tsegay ! i j 2

- -- Samuel Esaias

Bid Good-bve As winged time

Slowly passes by; Day replacing the night

And night the day; It becomes inevitable, -

Sighing - to bid good-bye. Four full long years,

Gone as the shadows flee; Dwelling I on you,

And you on me: ' Ithesoul

While you the body I was sent to you

for an errand; To collect something

precious - an emerald And so I did!

Thus you made a stunted peacock of me, puffed-up with pride.

But now. . . Forsaking all this the past , - : The. soul and the body are . - . "

On iLs way. Time to sever

counter-directions to stride; One to the left

leaving the other a~ide. All the good times away-ch Only memory, the ghost, re

" ", m:,,; . A tumbling kaleidoscope; . .

Exciting reveries .r -

Full of promising hope. , , l _ , * ' I

I > -,#L 5 q & -

A ghost that renllnds me y: z.+7.3- I, 7 ' 1

you werP1. . . ,Z -. 4

I My future, .- I - (- .- . .. , ..

My destiny; ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ . .--: . . . , : , ,

My knowledge, Asnlara university.

~ u t now time to sever, Time to raise hands

to the sky; Time to bid farewell

Time to wave good-bye.

By Robel Teklay 4' year FLS Aszmara Universitv

Editorial Sub-committee

A b e ~ ~ ~ e (editor - in - chief) Ibrahim Abdurahrnan Ogbay Pekadu Essm d a . PtlicWS.'@~rnedin SamiiS~F2k~5as

Coordinating sub-committee Goitom Bisrat (Chair person of the coordinating committee)

Greetings

Not od' once either 'twice Nor Thrice Let it be

Innumerable times ",

Babe. For you, babe! Innumerable times To present you Warmest and heartfelt Greetings-greetings from a Far. . . far distant place That travel from a neglected And abandoned compound Enclosed by armed guards.

So let it be for you Babe, innumerable times For they are greetings Of the heart, not of the mind Found deeply, deeply Sealed in the heart Not by man-made words Words attached on the edge Of lips, and easily removed By tip of the tongue, But by the boundless language Of the heart.

Goitom Bissirat

Ale: Adem Abdulweha

Uawt Solomon

Futsum Tesfatsion

a Adam

Medhanie Habtezghi

ler Gebrekristos

Habto tihebregzlabrher * ' ' j - = tihezae Hagos

Mengsteab Haile Ribka Woldu

Yosief Goitom

Wesenseghed Hagos

Yosief Alanar 1

Students in Lounge

7 1

You - Tomorrow

Don't forget the sleepless nights, burdened days health - destroying, restless hours They're seeds for tomorrow's fruits

You've learned to walk start to develop a jumping folk Hold your neck and see the way To pour milk from hay

You have learned to manage Take with you words of courage Be powerful to govern your passion Be wise to learn from every one

As start may be seen from a deep well While they can't be seen from top of a mountain

you have learned as little as you can Measure your life by loss instead of gain

Don't forget the half-dark days They are the doors for this success

Be yourself, don't imitate others Imitation never climbed a hill Greedmess never makes you full

But patience and courage wrough more good thmgs.

Amanuel Asrat 4" year Soil and Water Conservation Department.

An Interview with a Blind Student

Haile Woldetensae is a blind graduating student. He is from the Department of English and handicapped though he is, he has managed to finish his studies successfully. I have tried to ask him questions about his experiences and the problems he encountered in the University. The following is the record of his speech.

Ibrahim:

Haile:

Ibral~im:

Haile:

Ibrahirn: Haile:

Ibrahim:

Haile:

Haile, you are a student and a blind student at that. Generally what can you say about your experiences in the University? Well. I should say that the experience1 had in the University were really very different from my high school days. Earlier on before I joined the University, I used to think of.tbe place (the University) as a kind of 'paradise' where somebody can carry out his studies or learning activities without any worry and stress. But I found that this is not so. Everyone had to study day and night and think and worry about the exams. You can imagine what the situation will be like for a blind student if a non-blind student had to work, study, wony and fear this much. As a blind student in the University what problems or difficulties have you encountered? In a way I must say that one should only talk about the good things blind people have because once one starts talking about the problems they have in the University, one can go on talking for days on end. But somehow I will try to mention some things off the top of my head - things which I consider to be important. Generally, I should say that we blind people have no facilities, no Braille book, no specially designed tape-recorders, no computer-readers, and no financial allowance with which we can pay the readers and writers for tlle blind. Tllese I sl~ould say are just some of the most pressing problems. How did you get over or solve your problems? I must say that I as a blind student have been able to get over all my problems successfully. Thanks to my classmates whom I have troubled and bothered times without end during all the years of my study at the University, I have now managed to complete my studies. I may be blind but I have been able to get eyes - the eyes of my classmates who untiringly helped me in reading the classroom notes, recording the cassettes and dictating the notes written in ink when I needed to transcribe them in Braille texts. I feel I owe these people a lot although I know that they see my academic success as their great reward for all their troubles. But yet I must give them a thousand thanks. What do you think blind people should do to tackle or solve their problems? I just want them to do just what I did. They should try to be in friendly terms with all people and especially their classmates. They must also work very hard since they are in a higher centre of learning. They should be diligent and prsevering.

73

Ibrahim:

Haile:

Ibrahim:

Haile:

Ibrahim:

Haile:

Ibrahim:

Haile:

DO you think the University has provided YOU

with enough facilities to carry on your studies? Although it has not made any effort to address the problems of the blind, I do not want to blame the University. Because you see the University is just starting to get on its feet; and we're also the first blind people to study in the University. True, there are no books or materials or facilities for the blind , but hopefully in the future this picture may change. The University may establish a link with some blind or handicap institutions or Universities of other countries and may try to get facilities for the handicapped fiom there. I believe also the University may try to consult the blind first-hand and know or feel their problems and try to do something about them. In due time the 'primitive' Braille instruments we're using now may, hopefully, be replaced by modem and efficient equipment. As a blind, successful student how do you feel now? Are you happy? Yes, I'm very happy. Because you see just as the non-blind have managed to complete their studies successfully, I, after a lot of difficulties and trying moments, have finished my studies successfully. But in a sense, I'm also not fully happy because outside the educational texts. I could not read other things - for example,books, magazines or other reading materials - because of the shortage of the specially prepared materials and equipment for the blind. Now, how are you going to put into practice the .knowledge and skills you have got from the University? Or what job will you take or have in the future'? I Ulink I have already gained a lot of experience from the teaching I did during my national service stint and also from the classroom and other teaching pactices which followed them. But although I can do' teaching and also other things that I learned from my courses in the University like translation and journalism, I still have not decided what job I shall take yet. Lastly, Haile, do you have a word of advice you want to give? Yes, I want to say two things. Firstly, the University together with the help of some benefactors, should try to establish a handicap association - ad association which has a direct link with other associations in other countries so that by working jointly with these associations the problems of the disabled people could at least be minimized. Secondly, I believe that those who have the means or those who have the know-how could get greater contentment if they channel some of their efforts or resources towards the help of the disabled people.

Prepared and adapted from a cassette by Ibrahim Abdurahman Ali.

Obiectives . - To undertake any civil, Electrical & mechanicah-- - engineering works. To import consumable sse parts for industrial building electrical materials & equipments . To act as representatives and commision anent of over-seas -

,i manufacturers and suppliers.