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UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
GSM BASED APPLICATION FOR CONTROLLING WATER
SPRINKLER
This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor’s of Electronic Engineering
Technology of (Telecommunications) with honours.
by
NURFAZLINA BINTI RAMLI
B071210048
930530-01-5260
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2015
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA
TAJUK: GSM Based Application for Controlling Water Sprinkler
SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/2016 Semester 1
Saya NURFAZLINA BINTI RAMLI
Mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. **Silatandakan ( )
SULIT
TERHAD
TIDAK TERHAD
(Mengandungimaklumat yang
berdarjahkeselamatanataukepentingan Malaysia
sebagaimana yang termaktubdalam AKTA RAHSIA
RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungimaklumat TERHAD yang
telahditentukanolehorganisasi/badan di mana
penyelidikandijalankan)
__________________________
AlamatTetap:
7592 Jalan Rakyat 3
Taman Rakyat, ParitSemerah, 82000
Pontian, Johor
Tarikh: ________________________
Disahkan oleh:
__________________________
Cop Rasmi:
Tarikh: _______________________
**Jika Laporan PSM ini sulit atau terhad, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa / organisasi
berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai
SULIT atau TERHAD
iv
DECLARATION
I hereby, declared this report entitled “GSM Based Application for Controlling
Water Sprinkler” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.
Signature : ………………………………………….
Author’s Name : NURFAZLINA BINTI RAMLI
Date : 26th Jan 2016
v
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor’s of Electronic Engineering
Technology of (Telecommunications) with honours. The member of the
supervisory is as follow:
………………………………
(ABDUL HALIM BIN DAHALAN)
vi
ABSTRACT
Water sprinkler controlling system is a scientific process of artificially supplying water to the land. Traditionally, they depend on rainfall water that to be supplied to the field either through canals, hand pumps and tube wells. But this method had severe problem such as need to much energy to do pumping process. Hence, water sprinkler controlling system is a method of applying water which is similar to natural rainfall. It is then sprayed into the air and break into small water drops which fall to the ground. Furthermore with the advance of technology it was possible to design system that eliminated the direct involvement of the home gardener with respect to water sprinkler for their plant or yard. Watering the yard or plant by hand is effective and efficient way of applying water to the selected plants. But in several case, it prove that hand watering is not suitable to use for home gardener that always busy with their other work or goes to vacation. So this system which is sprinkler system is one of the solutions that suitable for watering the home garden. This system will use the application of GSM and will be implemented into the system. Global System for mobile communication (GSM) is a standard set used to describe protocol for digital cellular network. This GSM facility serve as important part for controlling water sprinkler system in field and sending the result to the farmer using code signal to a mobile device which indirectly control the entire water sprinkler controlling system. The process and controller work act as a central core for functioning of the automated process after it has been initiated by the GSM based device and finally present the output of the devices.
vii
ABSTRAK
Pemercik air sistem pengawal adalah proses saintifik buatan yang membekalkan air. Pada asalnya, mereka bergantung kepada air hujan yang akan digunakan untuk penyiraman sama ada melalui terusan, pam tangan dan telaga tiub. Tetapi kaedah ini mempunyai masalah seperti memerlukan tenaga yang banyak untuk melakukan proses mengepaman. Sistem pemercik air adalah salah satu cara untuk menyiram tanaman dengan menggunakan air dan sistem ini sama macam konsep air hujan. Air akan disembur ke udara dan akan menjadi titisan air dan menyerap masuk ke tanah. Tambahan pula dengan kemajuan teknologi pemercik ini dapat meringankan beban petani untuk menyiram setiap satu tumbuhan ke satu tumbuhan. Menyiram dengan kaedah tradisional adalah cara yang berkesan dan cekap untuk menyiram ke tumbuh-tumbuhan yang terpilih. Tetapi dalam beberapa kes, ia membuktikan bahawa kaedah ini tidak sesuai untuk digunakan oleh pekebun yang sentiasa sibuk dengan kerja-kerja mereka yang lain atau pergi bercuti dalam jangka masa panjang. Jadi system ini iaitu system pemercik adalah salah satu penyelesaian yang sesuai untuk menyiram tanaman di rumah. Sistem ini akan menggunakan aplikasi GSM dan akan dilaksanakan ke dalam sistem. Sistem sejagat untuk komunikasi mudah alih adalah satu set piawai yang digunakan untuk perihalkan protokol untuk rangkaian selular digit. Kemudahan GSM berkhidmat sebagai bahagian penting untuk mengawal sistem pemercik air di lapangan dan menghantar hasilnya kepada petani menggunakan isyarat kod untuk peranti mudah alih yang secara tidak langsung mengawal sistem pemercik air secara keseluruhan. Proses pembuatan dan kawalan kerja memainkan peranan sebagai pusat utama untuk fungsi automatic selepas ia dimulakan oleh peranti berasaskan GSM dan akhirnya membentangkan pengeluaran peranti.
viii
DEDICATIONS
I dedicate my thesis work to my wonderful family offered me unconditional love and
support throughout my life and the course of my Bachelor’s Degree in Electronic
Engineering Technology of Telecommunication with honours. A special feeling of
gratitude is to my loving parents Ramli bin Mahadi and Noraisah binti Aman whose
words of encouragement, immense support, and inspiration, selfless sacrifice and
push for tenacity always ring in my ears. I also dedicate this dissertation to my
friends that never stop support and encouragement to finishing my project.
ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First and foremost, I would like to congratulate myself for successfully giving
the very best effort in finishing this writing. All praise and worship to Allah the
Almighty, God of The Universe for giving the strength and guidance to ease my
journey in finishing my studies. He is the one who provide me the path and strength.
For my beloved parent, a million thanks for them because non-stop give
encouragement and support throughout my life. Thank you both for giving strength
to reach for the stars and chase my dream.
I would like to sincerely thank to my supervisor, Mr. Abdul Halim Bin
Dahalan, for his tremendous help, advice, inspiration and unending guidance to me
until completing this writing. Without him, this project will not exist. He never stops
giving me support and encouragement in completing this project. Without his
valuable guidance, I would not have been able to achieve the objectivity of this
project.
To all my friends, thank you for your understanding and encouragement in
any moment of crisis during finishing this project. Your bond of friendship makes
my life a wonderful experience. I cannot list all the names here, but all of you always
on my mind. Without your support, I will never go this far.
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. iv
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... viii
DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... x
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xiviv
LIST OF TABLE .............................................................................................................. xvii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................... xviiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1
1.0 Background Project ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Project Objective ..................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Scope of Project ....................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Project Methodology ............................................................................................... 5
1.5 Report Organization ................................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................. 8
xi
2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Farm with Sprinkler System and Without Sprinkler System .................................. 9
2.2 Problem Faced by Sprinkler System ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 The types of Sprinkler System that Available at the Market ................................ 11
2.4 Historical overview of Global System for Mobile CommunicationError! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.1 System Overview ........................................................................................... 14
2.4.2 The Mobile Station (MS) ............................................................................... 15
2.4.3 Base Station Subsystem (BSS) ...................................................................... 16
2.4.4 Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) .................................................... 16
2.5 Technology of GSM .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5.1 Home Security System ................................................................................... 18
2.5.2 Heart Beat Monitoring ................................................................................... 19
2.6 Other Components ................................................................................................. 20
2.6.1 Arduino Uno .................................................................................................. 20
2.6.2 Single Relay Board ........................................................................................ 21
2.7 The Difference between GSM and GPRS ............................................................. 23
2.8 The different between GSM and CDMA .............................................................. 24
2.9 Past Related Research ........................................................................................... 25
2.9.1 Automatic Irrigation System Based on ZigBee Technology ......................... 25
2.9.2 Automatic Irrigation System using GSM-Bluetooth...................................... 27
2.9.3 Automatic Irrigation System using WSN’s and Wi-Fi Module ..................... 29
2.10 Comparison between Different Application for Existing Projects ........................ 30
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 32
xii
3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 32
3.1 Project Flow .......................................................................................................... 33
3.1.1 Send Message to trigger relay to Switch On the Water Pump ....................... 33
3.1.2 Send Message to trigger relay to Switch Off the Water Pump ...................... 34
3.2 Work Schedule ...................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Flowchart for the Project Development ................................................................ 36
3.4 Block Diagram Project Processing ........................................................................ 38
3.5 Hardware Development ......................................................................................... 38
3.5.1 SIM900A GSM/GPRS Module ..................................................................... 38
3.5.1.1SIM900A and Module Features .......................................................... 39
3.5.1.2SIM900A Module working with Arduino Board .............................................. 40
3.5.2 Arduino Uno Board ........................................................................................ 41
3.5.3 Water Pump .................................................................................................... 42
3.5.4 Smart Phone ................................................................................................... 43
3.6 Software Development .......................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................... 46
4.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 46
4.1 Hardware Analysis ................................................................................................ 46
4.1.1 Overall Circuit ................................................................................................ 46
4.1.2 Testing Direct Connection between Arduino and Relay................................ 48
4.1.3 Testing GSM Module .................................................................................... 48
4.2 Project Test on Main Function .............................................................................. 49
4.3 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 53
xiii
4.3.1 Connection on Relay Board ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3.2 Sprinkler System ........................................................................................... 53
4.4 Important and Impact of Project ............................................................................ 54
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................... 56
5.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 56
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 56
5.2 Suggestion for Future Work .................................................................................. 57
APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 59
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 64
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: GSM Module SIM900A ...................................................................................... 3
Figure 1.2: Flow Chart ........................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2.1: Farm without Sprinkler System ........................................................................... 9
Figure 2.2: Farm with Sprinkler System ................................................................................ 9
Figure 2.3: The Misting of water at Sprinkler System ......................................................... 10
Figure 2.4: Humidity Sensor ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.5: Drip Irrigation System ....................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.6: Official logo of GSM ......................................................................................... 12 Figure 2.7: Global System for Mobile Communication Interfaces ...................................... 14
Figure 2.8: GSM Architecture Overview ............................................................................. 15 Figure 2.9: (a)NSS and the External Environment .............................................................. 17 Figure 2.9: (b)NSS and the Internal Environment ............... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.10: Illustration for Home Monitoring System ....................................................... 18 Figure 2.11: Block Diagram for Heart Beat Monitoring SystemError! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.12: The features of Arduino Uno ........................................................................... 21 Figure 2.13: Single Relay Board ........................................ 2Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2.14: Architecture of the Field-station for Monitoring of Automatic Irrigation ...... 26 Figure 2.15:ZigBee pin Description ..................................................................................... 27 Figure 2.16: Block Diagram of Automatic Irrigation System using GSM-Bluetooth ......... 28 Figure 2.17: Basic Block Diagram of the System ................................................................ 30 Figure 2.18: Graph of Data Rate against Range of various Wireless Technology 3Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3.1: Flow Chart to Switch On the Water Pump ........................................................ 33 Figure 3.2: Flow Chart to Switch Off the Water Pump ....................................................... 34 Figure 3.3: Step of Methodology ......................................................................................... 36 Figure 3.4: Block Diagram I ................................................................................................ 38 Figure 3.5:Component Description for GSM SIM900A Module ........................................ 39 Figure 3.6: Connection between Uno and GSM Module ..................................................... 40 Figure 3.7: The Arduino Schematic ..................................................................................... 41 Figure 3.8: Water Pump ....................................................................................................... 43 Figure 3.9: Smart Phone ....................................................................................................... 43 Figure3.10:Arduino Starting window Version 1.6.6 ............................................................ 44 Figure 3.11Arduino IDE Main window ............................................................................... 45 Figure 4.1: Overall Circuit ................................................................................................... 47 Figure 4.2: Installation ......................................................................................................... 47 Figure 4.3:Coding for direct connection with relay ............................................................. 48
xv
Figure4.4: Output Display at Serial Monitor ....................................................................... 48 Figure 4.5:GSM at Standby Mode ....................................................................................... 49 Figure 4.6:GSM Received SMS to Activate Water Pump ................................................... 49 Figure 4.7:Message Received and Send to User ................ 5Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4.8: GSM send SMS to Deactivate Water Pump ...................................................... 51
Figure 4.9: GSM Module Received and Send SMS ............................................................ 52
Figure 5.1: Bluetooth Logo .................................................................................................. 57
Figure 4.2: Rain Sensor ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
xvi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1: The Contribution of each Sectpr toward Malaysia’s GDP ................................... 2
Table 2.1: The Comparison between Drip Irrigation and Sprinkler System........................ 12
Table 2.2: GSM Evolution Timeline .................................................................................... 14
Table 2.3: Pin Description for Single Relay Board.............................................................. 22
Table 2.4: Comparison between CDMA and GSM ............................................................. 24
Table 2.5: Comparison of Various Wireless Standards ....................................................... 31
Table 3.1: Work Schedule for PSM1 ................................................................................... 35
Table 3.2: Work Schedule for PSM2 ................................................................................... 35
Table 3.3: The Hardware of the Project ............................................................................... 37
Table 3.4: SIM900A Feature................................................................................................ 39
Table 3.5: Module Feature ................................................................................................... 40
Table 3.6: Arduino Specification ......................................................................................... 42
xvii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
GSM - Global System Communication
NC - Normally Closed
NO - Normally Open
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
ICIP - In Circuit Serial Programming
SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
USB - Universal Serial Bus
PMW - Pulse Width Modulation
SMS - Short Message Services
Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
ETSI - European Telecommunication Standard Institute
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
MoU - Memorandum of Understanding
MS - Mobile Station
NSS - Network Switching Subsystem
RSS - Receive Signal Strength
OSS - Operation Support Subsystem
xviii
IMEI - International Mobile Station Equipment
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
HLR - Home Location Register
VLR - Visitor Location Register
ME - Mobile Equipment
EIR - Equipment Identity Register
AuC - Authentication Center
GMSC - Gateway MSC
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LDR - Light Dependent Resistor
LTE - Long Term Evolution
RF - Radio Frequency
EEPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
WSN - Wireless Sensor Network
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the project with its background project, problem statement,
project objectives, Scope project, project significance and report organization in
order to provide a sense of purpose and reasons to proceed with this project.
1.0 Background Project
In today’s technology that currently running with time, it actually occupied
human lifestyle. Although there is an interest for technology in our routine lives even
someone whose lifestyle is very far away for a well-known technology. But it is the
responsibility to design a few reliable systems which can be efficiently used by them.
The basic idea gave birth to the project GSM based controlling water sprinkler for
illiterates and this need to introduce automation technology in the world.
In Malaysia, agriculture industry stays to be a standout amongst those major
commercial enterprises that help at our normal GDP. As stated by a report of
Malaysia Investment Development Authority (MIDA), this business opportunity in
Malaysia agriculture was the third most contributing sector toward national GDP
(Gross household Product) during year 2012. Table 1.1 indicates the sectors that help
towards nation GDP.(Nag et al., 2007)
2
Table 1.1: The contribution of each sector towards Malaysia’s GDP
Technology nowadays brings positive impact toward this specific sector, as
stated by farmer, press, precise watering system farmer will have better yield of
crops. Under this project, the main point will be the incorporation of technology into
the watering system, to make it automated, time saving and to provide accurate
watering system. The effectiveness of this automatic watering system can be gauged
by how well the system can provide suitable developing growing environment to the
plant. This system could save the water utilization to watering system as relay will
act as a switch to ensure the valve of the water pump will be closed once the
watering plant is completed when get the notification via Short Message Services
(SMS).
But in several case the hand watering is not suitable to use because when user
needs to go for work or during traveling time who will take place their job to
watering their yard? Therefore, researchers tend to make new ideas in ensuring a
solution for this problem.
i. The goal of this project is to design and construct a “GSM Based Application
for Controlling Water Sprinkler” that will be used as a tool by farmers to
irrigate crops or farm. By using this system, it will help them to save water and
easy to handle.
Sector
GDP contribution (%)
Agriculture
7.3
Mining
6.3
Construction
3.2
Manufacturing
27.5
Services
58.6
3
ii. The Water Sprinkler Controlling System is a method of applying water which
similar to natural rainfall. The sprinkler system will irrigate to one or more
control location that will act as output. The Water sprinkler will distributed by
high pressure using the impact mechanism of water pump.
iii. The system will generate an instruction in the form of Short Message Service
(SMS) to the system when get an instruction from the user. The GSM modem
will use to allow the message to be sends to the system. GSM modem is a
Global System for mobile communication which accepts a SIM card and
operates over a subscription to a mobile. The Arduino UNO board based on the
ATmega328P and it will act as a brain of the system that control input as well
as the output of the system. The Uno will be programmed using Arduino
Software (IDE).
1.1 Problem Statement
As stated in Risk in Malaysian Agriculture, one of the threats being faced by
agriculture sector in Malaysia will be the intense environmental change. The
watering system received the bulk of its water supply from natural rain fall which
will be influenced throughout dry season and it will affect the crop yield. In order to
solve this problem, a watering system that helps to decrease that utilization and make
the plant grow healthily should be created.
Figure 1.1: GSM Module SIM900A
4
According to the report from economy planning unit, department of statistic,
the total amount of water required for watering system is about 9.0 billion which is
high as 78% of total water consumed. As a consequence, some farmers need to fork
out RM10 until RM15 to proceed their watering system.
1.2 Project Objective
The main objective of this project which is GSM based water sprinkler controlling
system is deeply concentrated on aspect as listed below:
i. To understand the application of GSM in this recent technology.
ii. To implement the application of GSM in water sprinkler controlling
system.
iii. To develop the water sprinkler controlling system based on GSM for
home garden.
1.3 Scope of Project
This project aim to reduce the usage of water utilized for watering system as
well as can saving cost. As previously stated in the issue of inconsistency of water
supply for the watering system, hence there is compelling reason to watering system
that can helps to save water. Besides, it also helps to reduce the man power needed,
as the process of watering the plant is now automated. The main scope for this
project is to focus home gardeners that have a small yard at the backyard in their
house. Besides, this system suitable for the home gardener that always busy with
other work and not have time to watering their yard.
5
This project consist of Arduino Uno as the microcontroller for the GSM
Based controlling water sprinkler, water pump and relay board that will act as a
switch to control the water pump. From the observation, Arduino Uno was chosen
because it a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input
or output pin which is 6 of them can used as PMW outputs, 6 Analog inputs, a
16MHz quart crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. The GSM will receive the instruction from the user and sends the signal to
the Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno will give an instruction to the water pump and it
starting to give a response. Then the sprinkler will initialize and starting to sprinkling
a water toward the plants.
For the software development and from study observation the Arduino
software (IDE) from Arduino was chosen because it allows serial communication on
any of the Uno’s digital pins. Besides, ATmega328 also supports TWI and SPI
communication. After that, the circuit will be implementing on the prototype. So
GSM based water sprinkler controlling system designed is helpful to farmers in
controlling water sprinkler using a mobile phone and make their work run smoothly.
This prototype can be test for its performance for the plant when received an
SMS to start or stop watering system. The limitation of this project itself is that this
project is only suitable for countries like Malaysia but not suitable for country that
has 4 seasons. Besides this system is suitable for vegetable plant and not for fruit
plant because fruit plant do not need much water during growth period. Lastly this
system is only designed for small and middle size of farm.
1.4 Project Methodology
As stated earlier at the objective of this project, the target for this project is to
save the consumption of water, manpower and time. Firstly, the problem faced by
farmer was identified and solution for this problem must be solved. This process will
enable us to combine all the comparison and details about the watering system
available in Malaysia and identified the problem.
6
The specifications required in building the project were listed below:
i. The system has a relay board that will be used to control the water pump
and it will initialize the water pump when get an instruction from user.
ii. There are two outputs. Which are the output for user which is water pump
and another output from GSM technology (sending the notification
message)
iii. For GSM technology it needs GSM module to interface the system.
Figure 1.2: Flow Chart
7
The projects are summarized into the flow chart as shown in figure 1.2. First,
search and collect all the information about GSM Based Controlling Water Sprinkler
with relay in order to analyze the problem facing for current available product. After
do some research, the hardware components and software has been identified. The
suitable circuit is searched for assemble well all components in this project. The next
step is to design the circuit and the developing of the coding has been done using
Arduino. When the simulation is success, the process to verify the connection had
been done and the coding are uploaded into the Arduino to identified either the
project of GSM Based Controlling Water Sprinkler is functioning or not. After that,
the circuit had been testing and complete connection of the circuit had been done. In
order to identify either the project is success or not, the circuit is running to observe
how the Arduino communicate to hardware built and is it success sending and
received a notification message through smart phone.
1.5 Report Organization
This report is divided into five chapters. In chapter 1, an introduction of “GSM
Based Controlling Water Sprinkler” is presented along with the project objective and
scope in order to achieve the desired goal. While chapter 2 provides a literature
reviews on the research of the components that are used in the project. In chapter 3
describe the overall project has been identified along with an explanation of
programming and hardware design. The result and discussion will be presented in
Chapter 4. Lastly Chapter 5 discusses the conclusion of this project and future work
that can be done.