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United States Secret ServiceUnited States Department of Education
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Report published April 20101
“In the wake of the Virginia Tech tragedy, many universities were confronted with the troubling reality that one person can, in a few brief moments, devastate a college community through an act of targeted violence.” (Campus Attacks, pg. 27)
This report was developed in response to the April 16, 2006 Virginia Tech incident:32 killed (27 students and 5 faculty)17 wounded
A collaborative endeavor of U.S. Secret Service, Department of Education, and FBI
A review of 272 incidents of violence that affected Institutes of Higher Education (IHEs) in the United States from 1900 through 2008 2
Report Citation: Drysdale, D., Modzeleski, W., and Simons, A. (2010).
Campus Attacks: Targeted Violence Affecting Institutions of Higher Education. U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools, U.S. Department of Education, and Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, D.C., 2010.
Report Download Sites:
http://www.secretservice.gov/ntac.shtml http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osdfs/
resources.html http://www.fbi.gov/publications/campus/campus.pdf
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Understand the scope of the problem of targeted violence at IHEs
Analyze where, when, and how the
272 incidents of targeted violence occurred
Compile information on offenders and
their relationship to the IHEs Identify factors that may have
motivated or triggered the attacks4
Incident Study Inclusion Criteria: IHE students, employees, faculty, or events
were selected as a target, either specific individuals/events or random selection that matched the subject’s victim profile
Targets were selected prior to the assault or at the time of the assault
Subject had the ability to employ lethal force 272 incidents identified: 1900 – 2008, on-
campus or off campus, within U.S. (3/4 of incidents occurred after 1970)
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Educational, residential, and workplace environment
Many buildings, large classrooms, uncontrolled access
Irregular student schedules Minimal regular contact between
educators and students Difficult to observe / recognize
behavioral concerns among students
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Table 3: Directed Assaults by Decade, 1900-2008 Decade N = % 1900s 1 0.4 1910s 0 0.0 1920s 3 1.1 1930s 8 2.9 1940s 1 0.4 1950s 13 4.8 1960s 19 7.0 1970s 25 9.2 1980s 40 14.7 1990s 79 29.0 2000s* 83 30.5 Total 272 100.0
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Table 7: Factors that Motivated or Triggered the Directed Assaults Categories
n = %
Related to an Intimate Relationship 77 33.9
Retaliation for Specific Action(s) 31 13.7 Refused Advances or Obsession with the Target 23 10.1 Response to Academic Stress/Failure 23 10.1
Acquaintance/Stranger Based Sexual Violence 22 9.7 Psychotic Actions 18 7.9 Workplace Dismissal/Sanction 14 6.2
Need to Kill / Specific Victimology 7 3.1 Draw Attention to Self/Issue(s) 7 3.1 Bias Related 5 2.2
Total 227 100
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Explore how the findings of this report can help you: Identify individuals whose behavior causes
concern or disruption on or off campus. Assess whether the identified individual
possesses the intent and ability to carry out an attack and if the individual has taken any steps to prepare for the attack.
Manage the threat posed by the individual, to include disrupting potential plans of attack, mitigating the risk, and implementing strategies to facilitate long-term resolution.
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Go beyond open sources - thoroughly examine case files and investigative records from campus attacks in an effort to better serve the professionals who work to ensure campus safety.
Conduct a more detailed examination of characteristics that were difficult or impossible to measure due to inadequate or missing information in the open sources (e.g., mental illness, past behavior).
Ultimate goal: identify offenders prior to an attack and save lives!
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For your attention, and…
For everything you do to create safe campuses where academic and personal growth can flourish.
Report Download Sites: http://www.secretservice.gov/ntac.shtml http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osdfs/
resources.html http://www.fbi.gov/publications/campus/
campus.pdf
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