Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 1

Provincial Exam Questions Unit: Human Anatomy, Urinary System (C13)

2010 Jan 53. What structure carries both urine and semen? A. the ureter B. the urethra C. the vas deferens D. the collecting duct

54. Which letter indicates the renal medulla? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 2

55. What part of the nephron is most affected by hypertension? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

56. Which part of the nephron is affected by a hormone synthesized at X? A. the glomerulus B. the loop of Henle C. the collecting duct D. the proximal convoluted tubule

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 3

57. Aldosterone increases blood pressure by causing A. the excretion of potassium ions. B. increased reabsorption of sodium ions. C. the excretion of water at the distal convoluted tubule. D. increased permeability of the collecting duct to water. 6. Explain how the consumption of alcohol and the resulting decrease in the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) affects both blood pressure and thirst. (4 marks)

2009 Sample 28. The collecting ducts are located in which of the following structures? A. ureter B. urethra C. renal pelvis D. renal medulla 29. Which structure absorbs glucose by active transport? A. glomerulus B. collecting duct C. Bowman’s capsule D. proximal convoluted tubule 30. Which of the following results from damage to the glomeruli? A. excess glucose in the urine B. red blood cells in the filtrate C. an increase of urea in the renal cortex D. a decrease of nitrogenous waste in the filtrate 2009 June 56. What structure can carry both urine or semen? A. the ureter B. the urethra C. the vas deferens D. the collecting duct

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 4

57. Which of these substances is found in X but not in Y? A. urea B. water C. glucose D. fibrinogen

58. What happens to most of the water that passes into the glomerular filtrate? A. It is reabsorbed from structure U into structure Z. B. It is reabsorbed from structure V into structure X. C. Tubular excretion carries it from structure Z to structure Y. D. Pressure filtration pushes it from structure W to structure X.

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 5

59. The contents of which of the following have the greatest concentration of urea? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

60. What happens to the concentration of glucose and urea as blood flows from X to Y? A. Both increase in concentration. B. Both decrease in concentration. C. Glucose increases, while urea decreases. D. Glucose decreases, while urea increases.

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 6

61. Which of the following structures responds to aldosterone? A. the glomerulus B. the Bowman’s capsule C. the distal convoluted tubule D. the proximal convoluted tubule 5. Explain how the nephron regulates blood pH. (3 marks)

2008 Aug

57. The part of the kidney indicated by Y is the A. ureter. B. renal pelvis. C. renal cortex. D. renal medulla. 58. Which of the following is not located in the part of the kidney labelled X? A. the loop of Henle B. the afferent arteriole C. the efferent arteriole D. the proximal convoluted tubule 59. Fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule flows directly into the A. glomerulus. B. loop of Henle. C. efferent arteriole. D. distal convoluted tubule. 60. Which of the following correctly compares the concentrations of urea and glucose in the ureter and the renal artery?

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 7

61. Which of the following results from increased aldosterone secretion? A. increased blood volume and increased urine production B. increased blood volume and decreased urine production C. decreased blood volume and increased urine production D. decreased blood volume and decreased urine production 5. (4 marks) Describe how the body detects and responds to dehydration in order to maintain proper blood fluid volume. 2007 Aug 58. Which structure does urine enter after leaving the collecting duct? A. the ureter B. the urethra C. the renal pelvis D. the renal medulla

59. What area represents the renal medulla?

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 8

A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

60. What occurs at structure W? A. Less water is reabsorbed when ADH is secreted. B. Materials are forced into the tubule by pressure filtration. C. Substances are actively transported from the blood to the filtrate. D. Materials are reabsorbed from the filtrate into the peritubular capillary network. 61. Where does the filtrate have the highest concentration of amino acids? A. V B. X C. Y D. Z 62. Which of the following conditions results in fewer hydrogen ions being excreted into the urine? A. increased blood pH B. decreased blood pH C. secretion of aldosterone D. secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 5. (4 marks) Explain why excessive aldosterone secretion leads to edema, a condition that results in the swelling of tissues due to retention of fluids.

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 9

2006 Aug 55. What structure can carry either urine or semen in males? A. the ureter B. the urethra C. the vas deferens D. the collecting duct 56. In which part of the nephron do molecules become part of the filtrate as a result of blood pressure? A. the loop of Henle B. the collecting duct C. the Bowman’s capsule D. the proximal convoluted tubule

57. The blood in which vessel has the highest protein concentration? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z 58. Which of the following graphs illustrates the relative concentrations of urea in different parts of a nephron?

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 10

59. Which of the following molecules in the plasma do not enter the nephron? A. urea B. salts C. lipids D. penicillin 60. Which of the following occurs as a result of ADH secretion in the body? A. increased blood pressure B. reduced urea concentration in the urine C. increased sodium ion reabsorption from the nephron D. reduced sodium bicarbonate ion reabsorption from the nephron 61. How does aldosterone increase blood pressure? A. It causes the excretion of potassium ions. B. It causes increased reabsorption of sodium ions. C. It causes the excretion of water at the distal convoluted tubule. D. It causes increased permeability of the collecting duct to water.

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 11

2005 Aug 55. To what part of the kidney is the ureter attached? A. the nephron B. the renal pelvis C. the renal cortex D. the renal medulla

56. What area of the kidney has the highest concentration of sodium ions and urea? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 12

57. How many of the labelled structures allow water reabsorption? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 58. In what part of the nephron does glucose move from the filtrate to the surrounding blood vessels? A. the loop of Henle B. the Bowman’s capsule C. the distal convoluted tubule D. the proximal convoluted tubule

59. How many of the above items pass from the bloodstream into Bowman’s capsule? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Biology 12

2010 Compiled from provincial exams 13

60. Which gland releases a hormone that causes the reabsorption of sodium ions? A. W B. X C. Y D. Z 6. Explain how the conditions in the renal medulla result in the production of urine which is hypertonic to blood. (3 marks)