Unit 6Ways of Life

Fundamental Reading

Food Guide Pyramid

Background Information

About one out of ten children don't have breakfast. These school childrenaren't aware of the importance of eating breakfast everyday! Nutrition professionals suggest that 30 percent of one's daily energy should come from breakfast! If we don't eat breakfast, we are more likely to miss some nutrients and become overweight (Skipping breakfast may cause you become fatter because of snacking on unhealthy foods a lot when you are hungry.) or obese, and we're also not able to concentrate on our studies because of feeling tired and hungry.

Fuel up with the Best Breakfast

      Less healthy breakfast food - Don't have these very often!Sweet bun

Hamburger and chips

Chocolate or sweetened milk

Soft drink or boxed drinkFried egg and sausage

Sweetened soymilk

Instant noodles

Dim sum Cream cake

Healthier breakfast choices – Have these often! Whole wheat bread, plain bread or with peanut butter or fruit jam          

Oatmeal                

Skimmed or plain, non-flavored milk                   Low sugar soymilk

Boiled egg

Fruits e.g. banana      

Congee

Soup noodle with vegetables and meat

Fruit or pure fruit juice

"Snacks" are any foods or drinks that you take between regular meals. Snacks like fresh fruit are healthy snacks. However, if you don't choose foods or drinks carefully, snacking can become a bad habit and even harmful to your health. Eating less healthy snacks too often can also lead to health problems such as dental caries or overweight.

"Snacks" don't equal "Junk food", because snacks like fruits can give you energy and essential nutrients. Junk food is mostly "empty calories" - too much energy from sugar and fat but with few other nutrients. Snack in small amounts and only once or twice per day. If you're not hungry, there's no need to have a snack.

Healthy Snacks

We not only eat to live; we also eat together to have a good time. Sometimes this may mean eating out with our family. The simplest, quickest and cheapest way is to eat out in some fast food shops or restaurants.However, many fast food caterers don't consider the Healthy Diet Pyramid in all their meals. Their main concern is making money by selling foods as quick, easy to make and as cheaply as possible. Since many of their foods are high in calories, fat, sugar or salt content, we need choose food carefully for a balanced and healthy diet.

Healthy Eating Out

Structural Analysis

Food guide pyramid

Nutritional requirements

Grain groupsFruit and vegetable groupsDairy and meat groups

Fats, oils and sweets groups

Sentence Study

1. (Par. 4) … notable exceptions are nuts and dried beans.exception n. sth or sb that is not included in a rule,does not follow the expected pattern etcParaphrase: … nuts and dried beans belong to the dairy and meat groups in the food guide pyramid, but unlike other foods of this group, they do not come from animals.

You must answer all the questions without exceptions.

We don’t usually take cheques, but we’ll make an exception in your case.

This problem affects all European countries, and Britain is no exception.

With the exception of John, everyone passed the exam.

2. (Par. 4) These groups are quite high in protein, …

high a. containing a lot

high in fat/sugar/salt etc

Vocabulary Study1. (Par. 1) long-standing a. having existed for a long

timeprefix long- longsighted long-term long-range

2. (Par. 2) serving n. an amount of foodsynonym: helping

I’d like a second helping. I’m still hungry.我还没吃饱，想再要一份。

3. (Par. 3) nutrient n. a. tech (a chemical or food) providing what is needed for life and growth

The plant absorbs nutrients from the soil.

4. (Par. 3) count as : to consider or regard sb or sth in a particular way

For tax purposes this counts as (= is officially regarded as) as unearned income.

5. (Par. 5) salad dressing n. a liquid mixture made from oil and vinegar, for putting on salads

6. (Par. 5) sparing a. using or giving only a little

There’s not much shampoo left, so be sparing with it.

sparingly ad.

7. (Par. 5) derive v. to get sth from

derive sth from He derives a lot of pleasure from meeting new people.

derive fromHis power derives from his popularity with the army.

洗发香波不多了，省着点用吧。

9. (Par. 7) update vt. ① to supply with the most recent information (on)The files need updating.

8. (Par. 6) nutritious a. valuable to the body as food; nourishing

Wholemeal bread is very nutritious.

部长的顾问们给她讲了最新的形势。The minister’s advisers updated her on the situation.

② to make more modern or up-to-date an updated model of this popular car

Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given words:

serving exception sparingly derive nutrition

1. He ___ some comfort from the fact that he was not the only one to fail the exam.

2. The law applies to all European countries; Britain is no ___.

3. ___ and exercise are essential to fitness and health.

4. How many ___ does the recipe make?

5. Apply the glue ___.

Give the English equivalents of the following Chinese terms:

1. 乳制品2. 维生素3. 碳水化合物4. 营养5. 纤维素6. 蛋白质

dairy products

carbohydrate

nutrient

vitamins

fiber

protein

7. 矿物质 8. 热量（卡）9. 消化系统10. 家禽11. 钙12. 锌13. 谷类食物14. 脂肪15. 小吃，快餐

mineralcaloriedigestive systempoultrycalciumzinc cereal

fatsnack

Questions for Discussion

1. Please give an account of the food guide pyramid. You need to cover the food group(s) on each level of the pyramid, different benefits they provide and recommended daily intakes of them.

2. The Recommended Dietary Allowances suggest appropriate nutrient intakes on the basis of scientific study of nutrition. Can you give some dietary tips which you have learned in daily life?

3. The Chinese term “南甜北咸” indicates different dietary preferences. Will you give some examples of such regional dietary habits?

Further Reading

Background Information

Fashion DesignersCoco Chanel (1883-1971)The preeminent item found in any modern woman's closet was placed there by Coco Chanel. This French designer, creator of the little black dress, can also take the credit for popularizing slacks ( 绳子的松垂部分 ), tailored suits, and short hairstyles in women's fashion. In short, any modern woman's style can, to some degree, be traced back to Coco Chanel's fashion philosophy.

Chanel's early history is somewhat mysterious. Her career began when she left the provincial town of Saumur for the opportunities of Paris. After that, she may have supported herself by working as a singer and stage actress -- and, according to some sources, by acquiring male “patrons.” ( 资助人 ) At some point, she gained experience in dressmaking and millinery ( 女帽 ). She opened her first hat shop in 1910.

Chanel favored simple, severe designs. Her designs were dark, somber ( 暗淡的 ), and practical, yet they always contained a hint of glamour. They allowed women to be comfortable while still displaying

elegance, sophistication ( 品位高雅 ), and feminine mystique. The Chanel suit has now come to represent the ideals of traditional elegance. The easiest way to understand the eternal appeal of Chanel is to becomefamiliar with the scent of her most famous perfume, Chanel No. 5. This fragrance epitomizes ( 典型体现 ) the Chanel woman: timeless ( 永恒不变的 ), intriguing, ( 迷人的 ) and able to reinvent herself in a thousand different ways.

In 1947, Christian Dior put Paris back in the center of the fashion universe with his "New Look." The new style employed the most advanced styling techniques of the times. Poetic, romantic, and classical, Dior provided the world with a glamorous, modernized version of the Golden Age. Dior was the antithesis ( 对立面 ) of Chanel. While Chanel favored suits and slacks, Dior had a passion for long lines. Where military-inspired styles favored buttons and accessories ( 小配件 ), Dior’s fashions sported ( 炫耀 )

Christian Dior (1905-1957)

pleats ( 衣褶 ), flounces ( 荷叶边 ), and the embellishments ( 装饰 ) of times past. The1947 Dior collection shook the fashion world to its foundations and inspired people to pay attention to the Wonders of fashion. Dior's genius is evident in the way he engineered a renaissance of classical styles and ideals. His designs occupied a fantasy realm. Fabric was lavishly ( 大量得 ) draped ( 使随便的垂着 ) around an idealized model of the feminine figure -- a figure that featured a high waist. The new designs hid women‘s hips in a flare ( 呈喇叭形展开 ) of fabric.

In following years, Dior returned to his original themes. In the 1951 collections -- Dior‘s personal favorites -- waistlines went higher but the continuous, flowing lines remained. In 1953, the designer introduced a floral ( 花的 ) motif ( 基本图案 ), incorporating floral patterns and colors into his fabrics to stunning effect. In 1957, he finally began to favor more relaxed, comfortable waistlines.

Fashion means a particular style that is popular for a period, and it most commonly refers to a style of clothing. In the late Middle Ages Europeans began pursuing fashion, which indicated social status, in order to compete with one another. Before the 1800’s, many countries made sumptuary laws to control fashion. They regulated fashion according to a person’s rank in society or forced people to buy domestic products to help the country’s economy. People have followed fashion to be connected with a person or a group, to express their identities and values, or to appear more attractive.

Summary

Many factors have led to fashions’ change. Fashion considered appropriate for men and women have changed as standards of masculinity and femininity have changed. A clothing style may become fashionable over time with different groups. Moreover, political events can cause fashions to change. Foreign wars and voyages of exploration have spread styles of clothing. The Industrial Revolution caused rapid changes in the development of fashion. Since the 1800’s, the fashion industry has operated on two levels: couture and ready-to-wear.

Structural Analysis

Definition of fashion

A particular style that is popular for a few months or yearsMost commonly, a style of clothing worn at a given time but expected to change

Origins offashion

Began in northern Europe and Italy with the appearance of social classes in the late Middle AgesSumptuary laws

Why people follow fashion

Raise social position Express identities and valuesAppear more attractive

Why fashions change

With the change of standards of Masculinity and femininity With different groupsOwing to political eventsForeign wars and voyages of explorationThe Industrial Revolution

The fashion industry

Couture

Ready-to-wear

Vocabulary Study

1. (Par. 2) classify vt. to regard people or things as belonging to a particular type 图书馆工作人员花大量时间把图书分类。Librarians spend a lot of time classifying books.

2. (Par. 2) ancestry n. the members of your family who lived a long time ago

of French/Scottish ancestry

3. (Par. 4) lure ① n. sth that attracts+ of the lure of money

Settlers were drawn to the West by thelure of free land.

4. (Par. 4) risk vt. to get into a situation where sth unpleasant may happen to you

risk defeat/death/dismissalrisk being defeated/killed/dismissedHe risked being killed by going on strike.

②vt. tempt prospectors lured to Alaska bythe promise of gold

5. (Par. 5) originate vi. to begin; to start+ in/from/witha custom originating in Chinese culture她的书取材于一篇短篇小说。Her book originated in/from a short story.

6. (Par. 5) privilege n. (a) special right or advantage limited to one person or group of people

an outdated system based on aristocratic privilegeEducation is a privilege in many countries.

privileged a. Only the privileged few wereable to afford university then.

We are privileged (=very honored or fortunate ) tonight to have as our main speaker the Foreign Minister of France.

7. (Par. 5) celebrity n. a famous person, esp. in the business of entertainment

to interview celebrities on television

8. (Par. 5) aristocrat n. a member of an aristocracy ( n. the people of the highest social class, esp.

people from noble families who have titles of rank)

9. (Par. 8) elaborate a. full of details; carefully worked out and with a large number of parts

elaborately ad. an elaborately carved wooden statue10. (Par. 8) abandon vt. to no longer believe in a ①particular idea or principle They abandoned their socialist principles.

② to leave sb or sthchildren abandoned by their parents

She made elaborate preparations for the party.

② not large in quantity, size, value, etc.他们的要求不算高。They were very modest in their demands.= They didn't ask for too much.

11. (Par. 8) modesty n. the quality, state, or fact of being modest

modest a.① having or expressing a lower opinion of one’s

own ability than is properly deserved; hiding one’s good qualities

The actress is very modest about her success.

12. (Par. 9) function vi. to be in action; work; operate

function as

Athens functioned as a center of trade in the thirteenth century.

When the camera is functioning properly thelight comes on.

③ (esp. of a woman or her clothes or behavior) not showing anything that might excite sexual feelings

modest dress

雅典在十三世纪是个贸易中心。

13. (Par. 9) casual a. (clothes) comfortable and informal

casual shoes

14. (Par. 12) artificial ① a. made by humans, esp. as a copy of something natural 这种饮料不含人造香精和着色剂。

This drink contains no artificial flavoring orcoloring.artificial flowers artificial silk

② lacking true feelings; insincereShe welcomed me with an artificial smile.

Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given words: classify risk abandon costume expedition1. The dancers were all in national ___.2. We had to ___ the car and walk the rest of the way.3. Is this plant ___ as a moss or a lichen?4. The government ___ an embarrassing defeat if it

calls an election now.5. Brown led an ___ to the top of kilimanjaro.

Discussion Questions

1. What does fashion refer to besides the style of clothing?

2. What kinds of people set fashion in old days? And nowadays?

Key to Test Reading1. Beauty Contests

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D2. Automobiles Change the Pattern of Living

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A3. Designers Strutting New Ideas

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D4. Getting in Shape

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D