The Rise of Cities and TechnologyThe Rise of Cities and Technology

Changing Ways of LifeChanging Ways of Life

MedicineFight Against Disease

Between 1800 and 1900 the population of Europe doubled and not due to growing families but to the death rate falling.

Nutrition and medical advances led to less deaths

Louis Pasteur Developed vaccinations Developed pasteurization which killed the

bacteria in milk

Medicine• Fight Against Disease– Robert Koch• Identified the bacteria that caused TB

which claimed about 30 million lives• As people understood how germs caused

disease they bathed and changed their clothes more often

– Hospital Care• Anesthesia used during surgery• Florence Nightingale

– Nurse who introduced sanitary measure in hospitals

– Opened first nursing school

City Life

• Growing wealth and industrialization led to the building of streets lined with government buildings, department stores and theaters

• Urban renewal (rebuilding of poor cities) took place in Paris in 1850

• Cities also had sidewalks, sewers and skyscrapers

• Many families though still lived in poor conditions

Working Class Advances

• Protest low wages, long hours and unsafe working conditions.

• Initially business owners try to silence protestors but worker soon make progress– Main tactic was to go on strike

• Mutual Aid Societies– Groups that helped sick or injured

A New Social Order

• Three Social Classes Emerge– Upper Class• Rich business families

– Middle Class• Middle level business people and professionals

(doctors, scientists etc)

– Workers and Peasants• Made up 30% of population

Middle Class Values

• Rules for how to dress and behave

• Cult of domesticity– Ideal home is one where the

man worked and woman stayed at home

What was the social order like in the

1800’s?

Women Work for Rights

• Women campaigned for fairness in marriage, divorce and property laws

• Women supported temperance movement– Limit alcoholic beverages

• Women were banned from most schools and had little protection under the law and all their property was controlled by her father or husband

Women Work for Rights

• Famous Women– Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

• Women’s Suffrage– Women’s right to vote– Sojourner Truth – African American suffragette– 19th Amendment – gave women the right to vote

in 1920

Public Education

• Industrialized societies saw the need for a literate workforce

• Schools taught punctuality, obedience to authority, disciplined work habits and patriotism

How did industrialization

impact public education?

Science Takes New Directions

• Darwin and Natural Selection– Argued that all forms of life had evolved into their

present state over millions of years– Said species compete to survive and only the

fittest ones do. – Social Darwinism• People applied this to society and said that those who

were successful were because they were superior to others which encouraged racism

Religion in the Urban Age

• Religion continued to be a major force in Western Society

• Religious groups worked to help the poor• Social Gospel– Urged Christians to take up social service and

campaign for reforms such as housing, healthcare and education

List five ways life had changed after

industrialization?