UNIT 5 LESSON 2-B

Bacteria Infections and how it spreads,

Key Terms

Infection Contagious or communicable disease (P) Local Infection General Infection Asymptomatic Carrier Virus Human Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

InfectionOccurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state.

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Ahhh chooo!

• Contagious or communicable disease– Can be transmitted from person to

person through touch or through the air

Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids

Local •Small, confined area•Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area

General • All parts of the body (systemic)• Circulatory system carries bacteria and

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Infection

Common ways of spreading infection in the salon:• Open sores• Unclean hands and implements• Coughing or sneezing• Common use of drinking cups and towels• Use of same implements on infected

areas and noninfected areas• Unsanitary salon conditions

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Infection

Asymptomatic Carrier• Carries disease but shows NO

SYMPTOMS

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Infection

1. Staphylococci

Most common human bacteria; can be picked up on door knobs, countertops, by hand shaking, or unclean implements

Viruses

• Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria

• Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV

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Dear Mrs. Jones,

Sally will not be in

school today because

she has the measles.

S

ue Swanson

VirusesHuman Hepatitis B (HBV)• Highly infectious disease that infects

the liver • Vaccine-preventable disease• Personal service workers are often

asked to be vaccinated• Unlike HIV , Hepatitis can live on a

surface outside the body for long periods of time

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Hepatitis A

Illness lasts about 3 weeks. Symptoms similar to flu; may cause

yellowing of skin and eyes in adults. Spread through close contact; poor

sanitation and personal hygiene, contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish; infected food handlers; sexual contact.

A vaccine is available.

Hepatitis B (HBV)

Can cause long-term hepatitis, effects the liver .

There may be no symptoms or flulike symptoms. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusions or when infected needles are shared.

A vaccine is available.

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Progresses slowly; about one-third of those with the illness show no symptoms. When symptoms exist they include fatigue and stomach pain.

It is also transferable through parenteral contact and sexual activity with infected partners.

No vaccine is available.

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV, are called bloodborne pathogens

VirusesAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)• Caused by HIV • Affects the body’s natural immune

system • Spreads by body fluids entering blood

stream of uninfected individual

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HIV passed through blood and body fluids through:a. unprotected sexual contact b. sharing of needles with infected drug users c. accidents with needles in health care

facilities d. cuts and sores Could occur from sharp

implements in the salon; however there are no documented reports of such transmission.

Methods that DO NOT transmit the HIV

a. hand holding b. hugging c. kissing d. sharing food or household items

Like telephones or toilet seats. There are no documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects, or casual contact.

Key Terms External Parasites Parasitic fungi Tinea Barbae Nail Fungus Parasitic mites (insects) Animal parasites Pediculosis capitis Scabies Natural Immunity Passive Immunity

External ParasitesOrganisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism

• Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts)– Produce contagious diseases such as

ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus

– Produce noncontagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis• Parasitic mites (insects)

– Produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice

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Tinea barbae (barber’s itch) can be caused from unclean clippers.

Nail fungus can be spread by unclean

implements or not preparing the nail plate before applying enhancement products.

External Parasites

• Transmitted directly from one person to another or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person

• Accompanied by head scratching, redness or small bite marks on the scalp

• Controlled by pediculicide shampoo

Head Lice /Pediculosis Capitis

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Animal parasites

Responsible for contagious diseases. A parasite carried by mosquito causes

malaria. Insects that carry diseases from one person

to another are known as. disease vectors. The itch mite burrows under skin Scabies is another contagious skin disease

caused by the itch mite  

Professionals prevent the spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures

External Parasites

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ImmunityAbility of the body to destroy

infectious agents that enter the bodyNatural Immunity

• Partially inherited• Natural resistance

to disease• Production of white

blood cells and antitoxins by body

• Skin is first line of defense

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Passive Immunity

• Acquired immunity• Injection of

antigens stimulates the body’s immune response