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OBJECTIVES
Review psychoanalytic theories. Compare and contrast behaviorist and
humanist theories of personality development.
Identify leading Trait theories.
WARM UP If Freud said that
pleasure drives personality formation, what did the others say drives it?
Jung – Collective unconscious (archetypes)
Adler – Inferiority Erikson – Socialization Horney –
Security/Anxiety
A SURVEY…
Give yourself one point for each of the following A responses: 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13
Give yourself one point for each of the following B responses: 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15
If your A score is higher than 5, you agree more with the behaviorist view of personality.
If you B score is higher than 5, you agree more with the humanist view.
Statement 10 can be interpreted as either view.
BEHAVIORIST / SOCIAL-COGNITIVE MODELS
B.F. Skinner Response Tendencies - personality results from
person’s history of reinforcement/punishment for behaviors
Behavior therapy can alter undesired patterns of behavior
Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory – personality is shaped
through learning Observational Learning – learn by watching, including
vicarious reinforcement and punishment Self-Efficacy – learned expectation of success Reciprocal Determinism – personality results from two-way
interaction b/t person’s characteristics and environment
HUMANISTIC THEORIES
Alternative to negative, focus on positive
Born with positive drive to grow & improve (inner-directedness).
Strive for self-determination and self-actualization.
Self-concept reflects perception of who we are and what we’re like.
HUMANISTIC THEORIES
Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs – humans strive to realize full
potential once they have satisfied basic needs. Healthy personality: awareness/acceptance of
self, openness & spontaneity, enjoy work, close friendships w/out dependency, sense of humor,
HUMANISTIC THEORIES Carl Rogers
Most important aspect of personality is self-concept: all thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about ourselves Real vs Ideal Self Incongruence – discrepancy between self-concept & reality Congruence – fairly accurate match
To become fully functioning person we need to experience Unconditional Positive Regard -
attitude of total acceptance toward another, loved & worthy no matter what Conditions of worth – requirements for earning
positive regard (love) from others
ROGERS ACTIVITY
Write down three traits or characteristics that best describe you.
Find three other people and ask them what 3 words they would use to describe you.
THINK-PAIR-SHARE
In your notes, won’t be collected so be honest!
Who is your most significant other at this time?
Do you have UPR for this person? Explain. Does this person have UPR for you? Explain. Are there conditions of worth in your
relationship? If so, what are they?
CHECK POINT
How do psychoanalytic, humanistic, and behavioral perspectives of personality differ?
Psychoanalysts emphasize unconscious forces in dvpt of personality
Behavioral (or social-cognitive) theories emphasize impact of learning and cognition on dvpt.
Humanists emphasize rationality and natural desire to be all we can be
TRAIT THEORIES
Basic Assumptions Each person has unique pattern of stable, long lasting
traits (internal characteristics).
Gordon Allport 4500 personality traits, or “dispositions” Central traits & Cardinal traits
Raymond Cattell “16PF” Factor Analysis to reduce Allport’s traits to 16 “clusters” Degree to which we possess trait forms unique personality profile Root of all human behavior
Hans Eysenck Hierarchy of traits Introversion-Extroversion, Emotional Stability, Psychoticism
“BIG FIVE” THEORY Openness
Unusual, original thought
Conscientiousness Efficient, ethical, reliable
Extroversion Assertive, social,
energetic Agreeableness
Considerate, trustworthy, warm
Neuroticism Anxious, worrisome,
vulnerable
ACTIVITY: PERSONALITY & TEMPERAMENT
Go to fuspsych.wikispaces.com
Select personality
Open personality & temperament p.pt
PLEASE UNDERSTAND ME Keirsey Temperament Sorter II
Directions:Check A or B based on your gut instinct.
Do not overanalyze the question, there is no right or wrong answer.
Add down, totaling your A answers per column as well as your B answers.
For boxes 3-8 you will need to transfer and add your A and B answers.
Circle the letter with the greater number of answers. If you are tied, put a large X.
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN E = Extroverted
S = Sensory
T = Thinking
J = Judging
I = Introverted
N = Intuitive
F = Feeling
P = Perceiving
Jung’s Psychological Types
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN E / I : What is your
source of energy?
From Others Extraverted Expressive
From Self Introverted Reserved
Ambivert
75% Extra, 25% Intro
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN S / N : How do you gather
info and see the world?
Grounded in here and now, practical, facts Sensory Observant
Future oriented, metaphor, innovative, imaginative Intuitive Introspective75% Sen, 25%
Int
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN T / F : How do you
make decisions?
With your head, impersonal & objective Thinking Tough-minded
With your heart, personal & value based Feeling Friendly
50% - 50%
WHAT THE LETTERS MEAN J / P : How do you go
about daily life?
Prefer closure and settlement Judging Scheduling
Prefer open-ended, fluid options Perceiving Probing
50% - 50%