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Unit 5: Force and MotionPrintable Guided Notes

Lesson 1:Balanced and

Unbalanced Forces

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What is force?Simply put, force is a ______ or

______ applied to an object.

_________ are units of force measurement. One _________ is the amount of force needed to accelerate one kilogram one meter per second

each second.

1 N = 1 kg × 1 m/s²

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Discovery Education Video

Provides insight into the way force can change an object's

motion. The segment also defines such terms as contact

force, friction, normal force, and applied force.

Science Video Vocab: Force

Forces can be ________ or ___________.

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__________ Force – Two equal forces applied to an object in opposite

directions.

When an object is being pushed or pulled by balanced forces, the object

will be ________ (not moving).

When you sit on a chair you don't fall to the ground. This is because the

downward force you apply to the chair when you sit down is equal to the

upward force the chair is pushing on you.

Science Video Vocab: Balanced Force

Discovery Education Video

Describes how balanced forces keep objects in one place.

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____________ Force – A force that is not opposed by an equal force.

When an object is being pushed or pulled by an unbalanced force, the

object will _________.

When a ball is dropped, it falls to the ground because the pulling force of

gravity is stronger than the force of the air molecules pushing on the ball.

Science Video Vocab: Unbalanced Force

Discovery Education Video

Shares the definition and examples of unbalanced

forces.

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Describe three examples of force that you have observed and

explain whether each of these forces is balanced or unbalanced.

Key Questions

1. What is the difference between a balanced and an unbalanced force?

2. Do all objects on earth have forces pushing or pulling on them at all times? Explain your answer.

3. Is a force always necessary to create motion? Explain your answer.

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Lesson 2:What is Motion?

What is Motion?Motion is the act of moving.

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Science Video Vocab: Motion

Discovery Education Video

Defines motion and describes how motion relates to force, gravity, and magnetism. The

segment also introduces Newton's three laws of motion.

We observe motion by observing change in the _________ of an object

compared to another object.

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Isaac NewtonEnglish physicist and mathematician Lived from 1642 - 1727Newton wrote Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, which formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

In his book, Newton wrote about three scientific laws

that describe motion.

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TLC Elementary School: Rules of Motion and Forces

Discovery Education Video

Newton’s First Law of Motion

An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends

to stay in motion, with the same direction and speed.

Motion cannot change without an _________________.

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Newton’s Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object produced by a net (total) applied

force is directly related to the magnitude of the force, the same

direction as the force, and inversely related to the mass of the object.

More _______ = More ____________

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

For every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction

(force).

Forces are found in ________.

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Key Questions

1. Describe how we can observe when motion occurs.

2. Based on Newton’s first law of motion, why does a ball rolling across the floor eventually stop?

3. Give an example of Newton’s third law of motion.

Lesson 3:Inertia - Newton’s First Law

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Newton’s First Law of Motion

Objects at _______ will stay at rest, and objects in ________ will stay in

motion, unless they are acted on by an outside force.

This scientific law is also known as the Law of _________.

Inertia is an object’s resistance to any ______ in its _____________.

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Place an empty cup on the table with an index card and coin on top as shown.

What do you think will happen when you flick the index card?

Inertia in Action

What happened to the coin when you flicked the index card?

What do you think caused this result?

Were you surprised by the result?

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Science Video Vocab: Inertia

Discovery Education Video

What outside forces affect the motion of objects on earth?

1. ________ 2. _________

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_________ is a force that exists between any two objects that have

mass.

Earth’s gravity pulls objects toward the ______________.

Earth’s gravity pulls objects with a force of 9.8 meters per second

squared.

__________ is a force that opposes the motion of a body across a surface or

through a gas or liquid.

Different surfaces exert different amounts of friction. It’s easier to slide across ice

than to slide across concrete.

Friction on a moving object caused by contact with air molecules is called

______, or _______________.

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Playing With Inertia

Discovery Education Video:

Feather and Hammer on Moon

Teacher Tube Video:

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Key Questions1. Roll a ball across three surfaces and describe

the force of friction created by each surface. Which surface created the most friction? Why?

2. Where do you think would be the best place to observe the concept of inertia? Why?

3. Will two objects of different masses always fall at the same speed when dropped? Explain your answer.

Lesson 4:Acceleration - Newton’s

Second Law

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Newton’s Second Law of Motion

___________ of an object is directly related to applied force, and inversely related to the mass

of the object.

Science Video Vocab: Acceleration

Discovery Education Video

Explains the forces behind acceleration and reveals how

gravity relates to acceleration.

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Acceleration is a change in the _______ of an object or body.

Velocity is the ______ and _________ of a moving object.

Acceleration can be________ or ________.

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Positive Acceleration = __________ Speed

Negative Acceleration = ___________ Speed

Force – The more force on an object, the ________ the acceleration

(directly related).

Two Factors Affect Acceleration

Mass – The more mass an object has, the more ________ will be needed to accelerate it.

(inversely related).

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Purpose: to observe and predict the effect of changes in mass and force on the acceleration of a toy car.

Observing Acceleration:Cars on a Ramp

Materials: ramps, toy cars, weights, stopwatches

Hypothesis: What do you think will happen?

Observing Acceleration:Cars on a Ramp

Experiment Procedure: What did you do? (step by step)

Results / Analysis: What happened? Explain your results in detail!

Conclusion: Was your hypothesis correct? What did you learn?

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Acceleration GraphsPosition / Time Graphs

Acceleration GraphsVelocity / Time Graphs

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Acceleration GraphsPosition / Time Graphs

Acceleration GraphsVelocity / Time Graphs

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Acceleration: Key Questions

1. Describe the effect that mass and force have on acceleration.

2. Based on Newton’s second law of motion, explain why a smaller car will generally use less fuel than a larger car.

3. Describe how an acceleration graph could be useful.

Lesson 5:Action and Reaction -

Newton’s Third Law

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Newton’s Third Law of Motion

For every _______ (or force), thereis a equal and opposite ________

(or force).

This means that forces occur in __________.

When a baseball player hits the ball, a force is applied to the bat in the direction toward the batter, while a force is applied to the ball in the direction away from the batter.

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Newton’s ThirdLaw of Motion

Discovery Education Video

Newton’s third law of motion states that for every action

there is an equal but opposite reaction.

Newton’s ThirdLaw of Motion

Discovery Education Video

Newton's Laws of Motion explain the movement of objects.

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Design a demonstration of Newton’s Third Law of

Motion.

Key Questions

1. What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion? Describe an example of this law.

2. What is meant by equal and opposite reaction?

3. Draw a force diagram of a rocket being launched that shows Newton’s third law of motion.