UNIT%FIVE:%COMPLEX%PATTERNS%OF%INHERITANCE%(BEYOND%MENDELIAN%BASICS)%

Section%11.1%Basic%Patterns%of%Human%Inheritance%Objectives%1K3%

%Vocabulary:%Define%the%following%terms:%%%%Gene%K%_________________________________________________________________________________%%__________________________________________________________________________________________!%carrier%K%_______________________________________________________________________________%%__________________________________________________________________________________________!!pedigree!"!_____________________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!Explain!why!pedigrees!are!needed!to!identify!the!carriers!of!a!recessive!trait!in!a!family.!!__________________________________________________________________________________________!!__________________________________________________________________________________________!Main%Idea%–%Recessive%Genetic%Disorders%(Pages%296K298)%Write%three!facts!about!recessive!heredity!in!the!concept!map!!!!! ! ! !! ! ! !

! ! ! %% %%

Simple!Recessive!Heredity!

!

%Common%recessive%genetic%disorders%

Cystic!fibrosis!!"!!!!!!Albinism!"!!!!!!!Tay!Sachs!"!!!!!!!Galactosemia!"!!!!!!!%Main%Idea%–%Dominant%Genetic%Disorders%(Page%298)%Identify%two!examples!of!dominant!genetic!disorders!in!humans.!!

%Dominant%Genetic%Disorders%–%No%possibility%of%being%a%____________________%

%Huntingtons!!!Achondroplasia!!!!!

%Summarize%the!facts!about!Huntington’s!disease!in!the!concept!map.!!

!! !

!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! !

! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! !

! Matt!and!Amy!Roloff!have!4!children.!!Although!Matt!and!Amy!are!both!little!people,!they!do!not!have!the!same!kind!of!dwarfism.!!Amy!has!Achondroplasia!(A_).!The!children!are!twins!Zach!and!Jeremy,!Molly!and!Jake.!!Three!of!the!five!children!are!of!average!height.!!Zach!has!Achondroplasia!like!is!mother.!!Show!the!results!of!the!Roloff!family!in!a!Punnett!Square;!Matt!is!aa!and!does!not!have!Achondroplasia.!!What!was!the!probability!that!they!!Would!pass!Achondroplasia!on!to!their!! ! ! !children?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! _______________________! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!

Huntington’s%Disease%

There!is!no!effective!!!!

A!__________________!Analysis!could!help!people!better!understand!their!own!risks!and!the!risks!to!their!!!___________________.!!

The!disease!causes!the!breakdown!in!

The!disease!is!caused!by!a!

The!symptoms!don’t!appear!until!a!person!is!between!the!ages!of!_________!!and!_____________.!

%Main%Idea%–%Pedigrees%(Page%299)%Summarize%pedigree!symbols!in!the!table!below.!! Description%of%Symbol% Sketch%of%Symbol%

%male! square!

!!

female! !!

!

affected!male! !!

!

affected!female! !!

!

known!heterzygotes! !!

!

parents!and!offspring!siblings!

! !

parents! !!

!

!! !Main%Idea%–%Analyzing%Pedigrees%(Pages%299K301)%Evaluate%the!inheritance!of!achondroplasia!shown!in!the%pedigree.!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! !!!Parent!!with!achondroplasia:_________________________________________________________!!Number!of!children!!with!achondroplasia:_________________________________________!!Genotype!of!the!younger!son:_______________________________________________________!!!

!UNIT%FIVE:%COMPLEX%PATTERNS%OF%INHERITANCE%(BEYOND%

MENDELIAN%BASICS)%Section%11.2%Complex%Patterns%of%Human%Inheritance%

Objectives%4K10%%

Define%the%following%terms:%%gamete%K%_______________________________________________________________________________!%autosomes%K%__________________________________________________________________________%%__________________________________________________________________________________________!!codominance!"!_______________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!!epistasis!"!____________________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!incomplete%dominance%K%___________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!!multiple%alleles%K%____________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!polygenic%trait!"!______________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!sex%chromosomes%K%_________________________________________________________________!!!sexKlinked%traits%K%___________________________________________________________________!

!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!Main%Idea%–%Incomplete%Dominance%(Page%302)%Analyze%the!ratios!of!offspring!in!the!following!snapdragon!pairs.!!Red!(R)!is!dominant!to!white!(r).!!Parent%Flowers% Genotypes%of%

Parent%Flowers%Punnet%Square% Ratio%of%

Offspring%!Red!and!white!!!!!

!RR!x!rr!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!R!!!!!!!!R!!!!!!!!r!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!r!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!4!pink!

!pink!and!white!!!!!

!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!R!!!!!!!____!!!!!!!!!r!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!2!____________!:!!!!!!!!!!!2!____________!!!!!

!red!and!pink!!!!!

!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!____!!!!____!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!

!pink!and!pink!!!!!

!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!____!!!!____!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!___!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!

%%

Main%Idea%–%Codominance%(Pages%302K303)%

Both!____________________!are!expressed!in!a!_______________________;!there!is!no!________________________________________.!Predict%the!results!if!two!people!who!are!heterozygous!for!sickle"cell!anemia!!(!Ss!x!Ss)!but!lead!normal!lives!have!a!child.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

!!

Genotypic!Ratio!:!!Phenotypic!Ratio:!!Main%Idea%–%Multiple%Alleles%(Page%304)%Identify%the!surface!proteins!and!phenotypes!that!results!from!the!following!genotypes.!

GENOTYPES SURFACE PROTEIN

PHENOTYPE

IAIA or IAi

IBIB or IBi

IAIB

ii

!!!

Knowing!blood!types!is!a!must!before!receiving!________________________________!%Determining!blood!type!may!be!useful!in!determining!__________________________!but!it!can’t!prove!with!100%!who!the!father!might!be.!!Who’s!the!father!of!Baby!Jane????!Jane!is!blood!type!O!and!mom!is!type!A.!!The!possible!fathers!are!Jim!(type!B)!and!John!(type!AB).!!!!

!Main%Idea%–%Epistasis,%Sex%Determination,%Dosage%Compensation,%SexKLinked%Traits,%Polygenic%Traits%(Pages%305K309)%Humans!have!_______!chromosomes!or!______________________________________!pairs.!_______________________!are!made!up!of!the!first!_______________!matching!pairs.!The!______________!!pair!differ!in!makes!and!females!and!are!called!the!_________!chromosomes.!Males,!therefore,!determine!the!___________________________________.!

X Y

X

X

Genotypic ratio = Phenotypic ratio =

Analyze%the!role!of!each!item!of!inheritance.!!Give!an!example!of!a!trait!governed!by!each!process.!! Role%on%Inheritance% Example%Epistasis% !

!!!!!

!

Polygenic%Inheritance% !!!!!!

!

XK%chromosome%inactivation%%

!!!!!!

!

XKlinked%traits%(sex%linked)%%%

!!!!!!

!

%Main%Idea%–%Environmental%Influences%(Page%309)%Identify%environmental!influences!that!can!affect!phenotype.!!

External%Factors% Behaviors%!1.!!!2.!

!1.!!!2.!

!!%%

Main%Idea%–%Twin%Studies%(Page%310)%Describe%the!use!of!twin!studies!in!the!studies!of!genetics!by!completing!the!paragraph.!!!Scientists!use!twin!studies!to!distinguish!between!__________________________!and!!!_______________________________________!influences!on!a!trait.!!If!a!high!percentage!!!of!_____________________________________!but!not!______________________________________!!express!a!trait,!there!is!a!strong!chance!that!the!trait!is!________________________.!!! !UNIT%FIVE:%COMPLEX%PATTERNS%OF%INHERITANCE%(BEYOND%

MENDELIAN%BASICS)%Section%11.3%Chromosomes%and%Human%Inheritance%

Objectives%11K13%%

Use%your%book%or%dictionary%to%define%the%terms:%%%!mitosis!K%______________________________________________________________________________%%nonjusdunction%K%____________________________________________________________________%%__________________________________________________________________________________________!%telomere!"!____________________________________________________________________________!!_________________________________________________________________________________________!!karyotype!"!___________________________________________________________________________!!__________________________________________________________________________________________!%%%%%%

Main%Idea%–%Karyotype%Studies%(Page%311)%Sequence%how!a!scientist!makes!a!karyotype!!!1.% 2.% 3.% 4.%

!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! !

%%%!Main%Idea%–%Telomeres%(Page%311)%Describe%telomeres!by!completing!the!paragraph!!Telomeres!are!made!of!____________________!and!___________________________.!!They!!!are!located!at!______________________________________________________________.!!Their!!function!is!_________________________________________________________________.!!!%%%%

%Compare%and!contrast!karyotype!studies!and!pedigrees!by!writing!characteristics!I!the!Venn!Diagram.!!!!

!!!!!!%%%%%%%%%%

%Main%Idea%–%Nondisjunction%(Page%312K313)%Model%a!picture!showing!nondisjunction!occurring!during!Meiosis!I!and!Meiosis!II.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Meiosis%I% % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%Meiosis%II% % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % %% % % % % %% % % % % %% % % % % %% % % % % % %

% %%%%% %

%

%% % % % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % %Model%a!picture!of!a!karyotype!taken!from!a!boy!with!Down’s!syndrome%%showing!just!the!21st!and!23rd!pair!of!chromosomes.!!

Pair%21% Pair%23%%%

%

Main%Idea%–%Fetal%Testing%(Page%314K315)%Summarize%the!following!facts!about!fetal!testing.!!Types!of!fetal!testing:!!Amniocentesis:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________!Chorionic!blood!sampling:!___________________________________________________________!__________________________________________________________________________________________!

fetal!blood!sampling!:!________________________________________________________________!__________________________________________________________________________________________!risks!factors:!__________________________________________________________________________!!benefits:!_______________________________________________________________________________!!Summary:%Variation!of!traits!and!complex!Patterns!of!Inheritance!!A.!!Variation!among!__________________________!of!the!same!____________________!can!be!explained!by!both!_________________________!and!!_______________________________!factors.!

B.!!Individuals!within!a!species!have!similar,!but!________________________________!genes.!

C.!!In!________________________!reproduction,!________________________!in!traits!between!parent!and!_____________________________!arise!from!the!particular!set!of!______________________________!(and!their!respective!multiple!genes)!inherited,!with!each!_________________________!contributing!__________________!of!a!chromosome!pair.!

D.!!__________________!along!with!___________________________!factors!can!______________!!!!!!!an!individual’s!specific!_______________________________,!__________________________,!!!!!!!___________________________!and!likelihood!of!producing!__________________________.!E.!!The!set!of!______________________________!of!________________!present,!together!with!the!interactions!of!______________________!with!their!________________________!

!!!!!Determines!the!________________________________!of!_________________________!of!traits!in!a!population.!

!