Unit 5Unit 5

Chapters 19, 20, 21Chapters 19, 20, 21

Chapter 19Chapter 19

Your body’s Reproductive SystemYour body’s Reproductive System

Lesson 1Lesson 1

The Male Reproductive SystemThe Male Reproductive System

Functions and Structure of the Functions and Structure of the Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System

• The testes produce the male sex The testes produce the male sex hormone “Testosterone”hormone “Testosterone”

• Testosterone is responsible for the Testosterone is responsible for the production of spermproduction of sperm

• Sperm are the male reproductive Sperm are the male reproductive cellscells

External Male Reproductive External Male Reproductive OrgansOrgans

• Testes are two small glands that Testes are two small glands that produce spermproduce sperm

• The testes hang outside the body The testes hang outside the body protected by the scrotum (pg. 437)protected by the scrotum (pg. 437)

• The penis is a tube shaped organ The penis is a tube shaped organ attached to the trunk of the body just attached to the trunk of the body just above the testes.above the testes.

Internal Male Reproductive Internal Male Reproductive OrgansOrgans

• Epididymis – is a temporary storage Epididymis – is a temporary storage facility for spermfacility for sperm

• Vas Deferens – are a pair of Vas Deferens – are a pair of connected tubes that lead up into the connected tubes that lead up into the males bodymales body

• Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, and Cowper’s Gland – provide a fluid and Cowper’s Gland – provide a fluid nourishment for the spermnourishment for the sperm

Care of the Male Reproductive Care of the Male Reproductive SystemSystem

• Daily self-examinationsDaily self-examinations

• Check for and discolorations, and Check for and discolorations, and lumpslumps

• Check for change in texture or Check for change in texture or thickening of the testesthickening of the testes

Problems of the Male Problems of the Male Reproductive SystemReproductive System

• Hernia Hernia

• SterilitySterility

• Enlarged Prostate GlandEnlarged Prostate Gland

• Cancer of the Prostate GlandCancer of the Prostate Gland

• Cancer of the TestesCancer of the Testes

Lesson 2Lesson 2

The Female Reproductive The Female Reproductive SystemSystem

Functions and Structure of the Functions and Structure of the Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System

• Vagina - a muscular, elastic Vagina - a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the bodyuterus to the outside of the body

• Ova – are the female reproductive Ova – are the female reproductive cellscells

Female Reproductive Female Reproductive OrgansOrgans• Ovaries – the female sex glands that Ovaries – the female sex glands that

house the ova and produce the female sex house the ova and produce the female sex hormoneshormones

• Fallopian Tubes – a pair of tubes with Fallopian Tubes – a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw the ovum fingerlike projections that draw the ovum inin

• Uterus – a small, muscular, pear-shaped Uterus – a small, muscular, pear-shaped organ, about the size of a fist.organ, about the size of a fist.

• Cervix – the neck of uterusCervix – the neck of uterus

MenstruationMenstruation

• the process of shedding the lining of the process of shedding the lining of the uterusthe uterus

• Menstrual Cycle – the time from the Menstrual Cycle – the time from the beginning of one menstrual period to beginning of one menstrual period to the onset of the nextthe onset of the next

• Usually occurs once every 28 daysUsually occurs once every 28 days

Care of the Female Care of the Female Reproductive SystemReproductive System

• Cleanliness is an important part of Cleanliness is an important part of keeping the reproductive system keeping the reproductive system healthyhealthy

• Breast Self-Examination – feeling for Breast Self-Examination – feeling for any unusual lumps or growths, any any unusual lumps or growths, any discoloration of the nipple areadiscoloration of the nipple area

Problems of the Female Problems of the Female Reproductive SystemReproductive System

• Menstrual CrampsMenstrual Cramps

• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

• Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Problems that can cause Problems that can cause InfertilityInfertility

• Blocked Fallopian TubeBlocked Fallopian Tube

• EndometriosisEndometriosis

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

• Ovarian cystOvarian cyst

• Ovarian cancerOvarian cancer

Chapter 20Chapter 20

The Beginning of the Life The Beginning of the Life CycleCycle

Lesson 1Lesson 1

• Prenatal Development and CarePrenatal Development and Care

Prenatal DevelopmentPrenatal Development

• Fertilization – the union of a male Fertilization – the union of a male and female reproductive cells and female reproductive cells (Sperm, Ova)(Sperm, Ova)

• Zygote – a newly fertilized eggZygote – a newly fertilized egg

ImplantationImplantation

• When a blastocyst implants itself into When a blastocyst implants itself into the thickening wall of the uterusthe thickening wall of the uterus

• Following implantation the blastocyst Following implantation the blastocyst develops into an embryodevelops into an embryo

Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development

• Placenta – a blood rich tissue from Placenta – a blood rich tissue from the mother that surrounds the the mother that surrounds the embryoembryo

• Umbilical Cord – a tube through Umbilical Cord – a tube through which nutrients and oxygen pass which nutrients and oxygen pass from the mother’s blood into the from the mother’s blood into the embryo’s bloodembryo’s blood

Fetal developmentFetal development

• 11stst six weeks the embryo will six weeks the embryo will increase in size over 10,000 timesincrease in size over 10,000 times

• From the end of the 8From the end of the 8thth week until week until birth the embryo is now known as a birth the embryo is now known as a fetusfetus

Prenatal CarePrenatal Care

• Regular visits to either a doctor, Regular visits to either a doctor, obstetrician, or certified nurse obstetrician, or certified nurse midwifemidwife

• Ask questions about the pregnancy Ask questions about the pregnancy and the birth processand the birth process

• Monitor weight, and physical activityMonitor weight, and physical activity

Alcohol and PregnancyAlcohol and Pregnancy

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – due Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – due to female alcohol use during to female alcohol use during pregnancypregnancy

• Effects – mental retardation, slow Effects – mental retardation, slow growth before and after birth, and a growth before and after birth, and a wide range of physical defects wide range of physical defects ranging from cleft palate to hip ranging from cleft palate to hip dislocationdislocation

Tobacco and PregnancyTobacco and Pregnancy

• Greater chance of a baby being born Greater chance of a baby being born prematurely, and at low birth weightprematurely, and at low birth weight

• Affects growth, mental development, Affects growth, mental development, and behavior of children at least up and behavior of children at least up to the age of 11to the age of 11

• Higher incidence of respiratory Higher incidence of respiratory problems, bronchitis, and pneumoniaproblems, bronchitis, and pneumonia

Stages of birthStages of birth

• DilationDilation

• Passage of baby through the birth Passage of baby through the birth canalcanal

• AfterbirthAfterbirth

Lesson 2Lesson 2

• From Generation to GenerationFrom Generation to Generation

Why We are who We are?Why We are who We are?

• Chromosomes – tiny structures Chromosomes – tiny structures within the nuclei of cells that carry within the nuclei of cells that carry information about hereditary traitsinformation about hereditary traits

• Genes – segments of DNA molecules, Genes – segments of DNA molecules, carry specific information about carry specific information about hereditary traitshereditary traits

• Dominant and Recessive GenesDominant and Recessive Genes• Genes and GenderGenes and Gender

Genetic DisordersGenetic Disorders

• Any abnormalities or mutations in Any abnormalities or mutations in the genetic code. the genetic code.

• May cause a wide range of physical May cause a wide range of physical or mental defectsor mental defects

Types of Genetic DisordersTypes of Genetic Disorders

• Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia

• PhenylketonuriaPhenylketonuria

• Tay-Sachs diseaseTay-Sachs disease

• Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis

• Down syndromeDown syndrome

Identifying Genetic Identifying Genetic DisordersDisorders

• AmniocentesisAmniocentesis

• UltrasoundUltrasound

• Chorionic villi samplingChorionic villi sampling

Lesson 3Lesson 3

• Birth Through Late ChildhoodBirth Through Late Childhood

Developmental StagesDevelopmental Stages

• Developmental tasks – these are Developmental tasks – these are things that need to occur at a things that need to occur at a particular stage for a person to particular stage for a person to continue his or her growth toward continue his or her growth toward becoming a healthy, mature adultbecoming a healthy, mature adult

Developmental Stages Developmental Stages ContinuedContinued

• Infancy – birth to 18 monthsInfancy – birth to 18 months

• Early childhood – 2 to 3 yearsEarly childhood – 2 to 3 years

• Childhood – 4 to 5 yearsChildhood – 4 to 5 years

• Late childhood – 6 – 11 yearsLate childhood – 6 – 11 years

Chapter 21Chapter 21

AdolescenceAdolescence

A Time of ChangeA Time of Change

Lesson 1Lesson 1

• Changes During AdolescenceChanges During Adolescence

PubertyPuberty

• Developmental Stages Developmental Stages

• Puberty – is the period of time when Puberty – is the period of time when males and females become males and females become physically able to reproducephysically able to reproduce

• Puberty occurs because of a release Puberty occurs because of a release of hormonesof hormones

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

• Primary Sex Characteristics – directly Primary Sex Characteristics – directly related to the production of gametes related to the production of gametes (reproductive cells)(reproductive cells)

• Secondary Sex Characteristics – Secondary Sex Characteristics – Physical changes that occur in males Physical changes that occur in males and femalesand females

Mental ChangesMental Changes

• Cognition – the act or process of Cognition – the act or process of knowing, including, both awareness knowing, including, both awareness and judgmentand judgment

Emotional ChangesEmotional Changes

• Develop feelings of deep friendship Develop feelings of deep friendship

• Develop feelings of love Develop feelings of love

• Roller coaster of emotions (Highs/ Roller coaster of emotions (Highs/ Lows)Lows)

Social ChangesSocial Changes

• Friendships and peer acceptance Friendships and peer acceptance very importantvery important

• Face challenges from peers on Face challenges from peers on different issues and beliefsdifferent issues and beliefs

• Develop good friendships that don’t Develop good friendships that don’t challenge your beliefs and valueschallenge your beliefs and values

Developmental TasksDevelopmental Tasks

• Forming more mature relationshipsForming more mature relationships

• Achieving a masculine or feminine social Achieving a masculine or feminine social rolerole

• Accepting one’s physiqueAccepting one’s physique

• Preparing for marriagePreparing for marriage

• Achieving emotional independence from Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adultsparents and other adults

• Acquiring a set of personal standards as a Acquiring a set of personal standards as a guide to behaviorguide to behavior

Personal IdentityPersonal Identity

• Personal identity consists of the Personal identity consists of the factors you believe make you unique, factors you believe make you unique, or unlike anyone elseor unlike anyone else

Lesson 2Lesson 2

• Practicing AbstinencePracticing Abstinence

Decisions and PeersDecisions and Peers

• Decisions about Sexual ActivityDecisions about Sexual Activity

• In our society, physical attraction and In our society, physical attraction and sexual activity are portrayed in sexual activity are portrayed in movies, on television, and in movies, on television, and in advertisements.advertisements.

Abstinence: The Healthful Abstinence: The Healthful ChoiceChoice

• Abstinence – is the conscious Abstinence – is the conscious decision to avoid harmful behaviors, decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugsalcohol, and other drugs

Making the Choice for Making the Choice for AbstinenceAbstinence• Establish your priorities in lifeEstablish your priorities in life• Set personal limits on the ways in which you Set personal limits on the ways in which you

are willing to express affectionare willing to express affection• Share your feelings with your boyfriend or Share your feelings with your boyfriend or

girlfriendgirlfriend• Discuss your feelings an concerns with a Discuss your feelings an concerns with a

trusted adulttrusted adult• Steer clear of high-pressure situationsSteer clear of high-pressure situations• If you are currently sexually active, re-If you are currently sexually active, re-

evaluateevaluate

Using Refusal SkillsUsing Refusal Skills

• Before finding yourself in a situation Before finding yourself in a situation talk to your friends about your talk to your friends about your position and values position and values

• Exercise self-control (a person’s Exercise self-control (a person’s ability to exercise responsibility to ability to exercise responsibility to override emotions)override emotions)

Consequences of Sexual Consequences of Sexual ActivityActivity• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s)

examples: AIDS, genital herpes, examples: AIDS, genital herpes, HepatitisHepatitis

• Unplanned pregnancyUnplanned pregnancy

• Loss of Self-RespectLoss of Self-Respect

• Negative Effects on Social Negative Effects on Social RelationshipsRelationships

• Family DisapprovalFamily Disapproval