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Unit 4Chapter 8 section 1
Royal power growsGoals: Understand how Kings centralized their authority in the high middle ages
Understand how England developed as a Limited Monarchy and France as an Absolute Monarchy.
Geography
The Birth of England
History of the Island of Great Britain◦Following the fall of Rome in the 5th Century
Germanic invaders (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) took the island
◦Locals (Picts, Celts, )Alfred the Great (Wessex 871-899)
◦First man to Unite the 7 kingdoms (against the Danish Vikings)
◦Won support as King of all England◦Began tradition of “consulting” his Barons
Limited monarchy introduced
The problems of succession
King Edward the Confessor died with no heir in 1066◦English Barons elect Harold II Edward’s brother in law
◦Edward’s cousin William Duke of Normandy claims Edward promised him the throne
◦William finally invades and defeated Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in October of 1066
William I (1066-1087)Subdued Saxon revoltsBuilt castlesGave his Norman Barons
5/6 of the landLoyalty oathsThe Domesday Book
◦Efficient taxation
The Plantagenet or Angevin Dynasty
The Norman Kings of England come to an end after the reign of Henry I
The Next dynasty: The Plantagenets◦His daughter Matilda married Duke Geoffrey of Anjou (France)
◦Their son Henry II became the first Plantagenet King of England
Henry II
Married Eleanor of Aquitaine◦Sons
Richard I (“Lion heart”) John I (“soft sword” or
“Lackland”)Ruled over England and
most of FranceDeveloped a unified legal
system◦Common Law◦ Jury system
English possessions in France
Richard I (1189-1199)
“Couer De Lion”Spoke little EnglishOnly 7 months in
EnglandEmptied the
treasury with many wars, ransom
Died in France
Angevin Lands
John I (1199-1216)
“Lackland” lost Normandy and AnjouHeavy debt (lots of new taxes), confiscated
Church property, abusive and corruptFeuded with Innocent III over appointment of
Bishop(Entire island placed under Interdict)1215 at Runnymede forced to sign Magna
Carta (foundation of Limited monarchy)◦Preserved rights of the Nobles against the
monarchy (ex: Taxation only with approval of Great Council, rights of the accused)
◦1200’s Parliament develops in a modern sense (two houses) gains the power of the purse and limits the King’s power
Rule of law Powers and privileges of the king are clearly defined and limited Charter provides for enforcement of restrictions placed on the king Fairness of the laws and their execution "Reasonable" rules and regulations Equal justice under the law Recognition of customs, traditions, and established rights Restoration of property and fines if not justly taken Punishment in proportion to the crime Commitment to "due process of law" Established procedures No trial without evidence/testimony to support accusations Reliance on local courts and magistrates Trials held in a timely manner Trials open to the public Trial by a jury of one's peers Respect for economic rights Right to property Fairness in economic transactions—standard weights and
measures Reimbursement for and/or restoration of property Freedom for merchants to move in order to conduct business
France
The Capetian dynasty (replaced the Carolingians) Hugh Capet 1st Capetian King in 987◦They controlled very little land
Most of the country dominated by powerful feudal princes
◦Slowly established a solid power base and eventually imposed their will on French Nobles
Phillip II Augustus
Phillip II Augustus King at 25Goal weaken power of English Kings in
France◦Took Normandy back from John in 1204
New administration for France◦Used middle class “bailiffs” instead of nobles to
collect taxes and administer the kings lawAbsolute Monarchy is the result
◦Estates General eventually created but is too weak to cut into kings power (no power of the purse) Why?
