Upload
mervin-newman
View
326
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Personality PsychologyUnit 3
What is personality?The consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person.
BrainstormIn your notes, write down at least 8 words AND draw at least 3 pictures to describe your personality.
Share with your neighbor Similarities? Differences?
Purpose of Personality Theories1. Provide a way of organizing the
many characteristics you know about yourself and others.
2. To explain the differences between individuals
3. To explore how people conduct their lives
4. To determine how life can be improved
Personality ProjectPart 1: Project Packet
Each day we will complete pages of the project packet
Homework points for each completed on time
Part 2: ProductWill be discussed later in the unitUse Part 1 to complete Part 2
TodaySupplies at the Front of the Room & By the
InboxComplete the Title page by using your
Brainstorm Ideas.In the circle, sketch a picture that represents
you (a shape, favorite object, emoticon, etc.)On each of the 5 spokes list 1 word that
describes you (outgoing, ambitious, athletic, etc.)
Complete the Information Page (page 2)Complete the My Survey Pages (pages 3-5)
Psychoanalytical Theories
Freud and the UnconsciousExperiences,
especially childhood, stored in unconscious
Although not consciously awareinfluence our behavior
Freud’s Model: 3 Parts of the UnconsciousThe Id = what you want to do
Part that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material
The Ego = what you can doPart that is in touch with reality and
socially acceptableThe Superego = what you should do
Par t that has the conscience and tries to counteract the socially inappropriate desires of the id
How does this affect our personality?Conflicts between the id & superegoThe ego must satisfy the pleasure
demands of the id without offending the morality of superego
If…Id is not satisfied: longing, anger, or
desireSuperego is not obeyed: guilty and
inferiorEgo ignored: real outcomes can take
place like starvation of dislike by other people
Defense Mechanisms
Defense MechanismWhat the ego unconsciously uses to protect itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
All ppl resort to this bc the ego’s job is so difficult
If the demands of the id and the superego cannot be resolveddistort reality
Defense MechanismDefends the ego from experiencing anxiety about failing in its tasks.
Necessary (to some degree) for psychological well-being
Defense Mechanism ActivityCount off by 8sPick a Defense Mechanism out of a hatRead AND take notes on that Defense
Mechanism in the textbook (p. 380-381)In your groups, create a mini-skit
(about 1-2 minutes long) about your Defense Mechanism
Elect a group leader who can describe the Defense Mechanism to the class after the skit
TodayComplete My Defense Mechanism (p. 8) in Project Packet
Checked tomorrow for homework points
Adler & Birth Order
Freud’s FollowersCarl Jung Alfred Adler
Carl JungStarted off as Freud’s closet
associateArgued over 2 points:
Positive view of human nature2 unconsciouses the personal and the
collective (archetypes)
Alfred AdlerAssociate of Freudleft to form his own
personality theoryAdler’s Personality Theory:Inferiority complex: a pattern of avoiding
feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source (compensating for weaknesses)
How does it apply to us?Adler said:
Children first feel inferior bc they are little and dependent on parents
As they learn to do things for themselves like hold a spoon or tie their shoes, they learn a pattern of overcoming inadequacies that persists throughout life (lifestyles)
Birth Order TheoryAdler believed the way parents treat
children influences the styles of life they chooseOverpampering self-centered person who
expects others to do things for themNeglected lack confidenceIdeal learn self-reliance & courage from
father, generosity & empathy from motherSometimes had to do with the order in
which a child was born
Celebrity Birth Order ActivityComplete the green sheet according to Adler’s Theory of Birth Order
Go Over as a ClassComplete My Birth Order page 9finish for Homework
Learning Theories
BehaviorismStudy of ONLY observable behavior
Exact opposite of psychoanalytical theories
Why?Personalities are LEARNED based on experiences
Contingencies of ReinforcementWhat you get
(advantages) from certain behaviors
Conditions that make a behavior more likely to happen
Contingencies of ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement adding (+)
something you want to encourage a behaviorEx: When I clean my room, I get to go out with friends.
the thing that I want is to go out with friends - so I clean my room.
Negative Reinforcement subtracting (-) something you DON'T want to encourage a behaviorEx: When I work during my study hall, I don't have work
to take home. The thing that I don't want is homework so I use my time wisely.
TodayReinforcing My Personality page 10Using 3 of the 5 characteristics on the front let’s discuss what are possible reinforcements for each of them.
Observational LearningA person acquires new behavior by
watching the actions of another person
Cognitive-Personal Factors: beliefs, values, emotional make
up, and genetic influences
Behaviors: our actions
Environmental Factors: personal experiences, and
social, political cultural influences
Personality Development
Differences from Psychoanalytical Theories?
Psychoanalytical theories: influence of childhood experiences, irrational thoughts, unconscious forces
Learning theories: focus on concrete actions that can be tested and measured
Critics of Learning Theories:Does not explain personalityDoes not give enough attention to emotions,
childhood experiences, or genetic make-up of a person
TodayComplete Observational Learning in the Yellow Packet (page 11)Choose 3 behaviors that you display on a daily basis that may be caused by observational learning (imitation)
Humanistic Psychology
What is Humanistic Psychology?Emphasizes personal growth and
achievements of peopleHow does it differ from behaviorism and
psychoanalysis?Psycho: influenced by instinctsBehavior: influenced by rewards and punishmentsStresses our ability to create and live by personal
standardsthinks the other 2 demeans humans
Self-ActualizationThe realization of our potential as
unique individuals
TodayTextbook page 393 Characteristics of Self-Actualized People
Complete page 12 in Yellow Packet