Personality Personality Chapter 10Chapter 10

PersonalityPersonality

A person’s unique and A person’s unique and relatively consistent relatively consistent patterns of thinking, patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. feeling, and behaving.

Theories of PersonalityTheories of Personality

Different theories tell us Different theories tell us how and why we have how and why we have the personality we do. the personality we do.

Psychoanalysis- FreudPsychoanalysis- Freud

Personality is Personality is determined from your determined from your unconscious desires/ unconscious desires/ conflicts (sexual & conflicts (sexual & aggressive) aggressive)

Consciousness• Unconscious- what you

don’t know is there- formed in early childhood

• Preconscious- you don’t know, but can get easily

• Conscious- what you know and can remember

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachThe Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind

Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind – the most – the most basic of all human instincts basic of all human instincts and desires. Primitive, and desires. Primitive, uncontrolled thoughts of sex, uncontrolled thoughts of sex, aggression, hunger.aggression, hunger.

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach The Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind

Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind – contains all – contains all of our of our repressedrepressed thoughts, thoughts, passions, desires, wishes, passions, desires, wishes, feeling, etc. feeling, etc. Repressed feelingsRepressed feelings are blocked because they would are blocked because they would be too unsettling to acknowledgebe too unsettling to acknowledge

Psychoanalytical Psychoanalytical ApproachApproach

How do we How do we access the access the

Unconscious Unconscious Mind?Mind?

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMindDream InterpretationDream Interpretation

Manifest ContentManifest Content – the actual – the actual content of dreamscontent of dreams

Latent ContentLatent Content – the – the interpreted content of a dream interpreted content of a dream and unconscious wishesand unconscious wishes

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMindFree Association Patient reports all thoughts,

feelings, and mental images that come to mind.

Ie. Say the first thing that comes to mind when I say “Cat”

Freudian Freudian Slips-Slips-

mistakes mistakes from from

unconscious unconscious mindmind

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious MindAccessing the Unconscious Mind

Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Speech• "As I was telling my husb—" before abruptly

breaking off and correcting herself: "As I was telling President Bush."

• Condeleeza Rice

• Does the Secretary of State have a tormented life??

Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious MindThe Freudian Slip - Speech“Please do not give me any bills, because

I cannot swallow them” (Patient meant to say pills, but was really preoccupied by financial stresses)

“You’re the breast dressed woman here.” (Man to his neighbor’s wife at costume party. Should have said best. Does this men he lusts after her?)

Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Mind

The Freudian Slip - Body“Yes, I really like you.” (Hands on

hips and legs crossed? Body-language indicates defiance and un-acceptance.)

“No, I never cheated on you.” (Playing with an ear and a shifty gaze? Indicates lying, avoiding the truth.”)

Psychoanalytical Approach Developing Personality

The battle for satisfaction between the unconscious mind and our conscious awareness takes place on three mental battlefields:IDEGOSUPEREGO

Freud’s personality Freud’s personality structurestructure

Id- At BirthId- At BirthUnconsciousUnconsciousPleasure PrinciplePleasure PrincipleIrrational, instinctual, Irrational, instinctual, ImmediateImmediate

EgoEgo- comes with experience- comes with experienceReality PrincipleReality PrinciplePart Conscious (un, pre)Part Conscious (un, pre)Organized, rational, Organized, rational, acceptable ways to desireacceptable ways to desire

MediatorMediator

SuperegoSuperego- (5 or 6) - (5 or 6) Morality PrincipleMorality PrinciplePartly Conscious (un, Partly Conscious (un, pre)pre)

Values, acceptable Values, acceptable behavior, “conscience”, behavior, “conscience”, guilt-shame-anxietyguilt-shame-anxiety

Ego Defense MechanismsEgo Defense Mechanisms

Your EGO must safely Your EGO must safely and responsibly satisfy and responsibly satisfy your ID, while keeping in your ID, while keeping in mind your SUPEREGOmind your SUPEREGO

• Too much for the ego= anxiety• Reality is distorted to keep

away the anxiety

Defense Mechanism• Your mind’s way of reducing

internal stress caused by excess anxiety

RepressionRepression

Excluding from Excluding from consciousness all consciousness all anxiety producing anxiety producing thoughts, feelings, thoughts, feelings,

impulsesimpulses

You can’t remember You can’t remember anything about a car anything about a car accident you had two accident you had two weeks agoweeks ago

The accident produces The accident produces too much anxiety- so it too much anxiety- so it “goes away”“goes away”

RegressionRegressionBehaving in a Behaving in a

way that is way that is characteristic characteristic

of earlier of earlier development development

(childlike).(childlike).

My 10 year old is sucking My 10 year old is sucking her thumb all of a sudden, her thumb all of a sudden, she stopped at age 2. she stopped at age 2.

After a divorce (she can’t After a divorce (she can’t handle the idea) she handle the idea) she reverts back to a “safer” reverts back to a “safer” timetime

IdentificationIdentification

When a person changes some When a person changes some aspect of their personality to aspect of their personality to be more like others – thus be more like others – thus reducing anxiety.reducing anxiety.

Occurs on a subconscious level – Occurs on a subconscious level – not just mimickingnot just mimicking

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachDefense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

Reaction Formation

The EGO enacts behavior that The EGO enacts behavior that is exactly opposite of the is exactly opposite of the decision it made decision it made

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachDefense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

A child, angry at his or her mother, may A child, angry at his or her mother, may become overly concerned with her and become overly concerned with her and rather dramatically shower her with rather dramatically shower her with affection.affection.

An abused child may run to the abusing An abused child may run to the abusing parent. Or someone who can't accept a parent. Or someone who can't accept a homosexual impulse may claim to homosexual impulse may claim to despise homosexualsdespise homosexuals

DisplacementDisplacementRedirection of Redirection of impulse toward a impulse toward a “safer” alternative“safer” alternative

I was really upset because my I was really upset because my seniors miss too many days of seniors miss too many days of class, I can’t hurt them, so I class, I can’t hurt them, so I pick something I pick something I cancan hurt hurt

I go home I go home and kick and kick my dog my dog

instead…instead…

RationalizationRationalization

Justifying your actions/ Justifying your actions/ feelings with another feelings with another explanation- explanation- not your not your true feelingstrue feelings

I’m glad I didn’t get into I’m glad I didn’t get into that college- the drive that college- the drive would have been too far.would have been too far.

You were really upset You were really upset about not getting in, but about not getting in, but can’t face that anxietycan’t face that anxiety

ProjectionProjectionGiving Giving your own your own unacceptable unacceptable

urges or urges or qualities qualities to othersto others..

I don’t understand how I don’t understand how he doesn’t get a he doesn’t get a detention- he is always detention- he is always late to class!late to class!

You have been late 15 You have been late 15 times, but you don’t talk times, but you don’t talk about YOU.about YOU.

DenialDenial

Failing to recognize the Failing to recognize the existence of information that existence of information that

causes anxiety.causes anxiety.

No, I don’t have a drinking No, I don’t have a drinking problem, I can stop anytime I problem, I can stop anytime I want.want.

You are an alcoholic- your You are an alcoholic- your friends and family all know it, friends and family all know it, but you won’t admit it.but you won’t admit it.

SublimationSublimation The Transfer of unwanted behaviors The Transfer of unwanted behaviors

into something less harmful.into something less harmful.

A person who is angry may A person who is angry may work out and get in shape as a work out and get in shape as a resultresult

A person that is sexually A person that is sexually frustrated may become an artist frustrated may become an artist and release the pent up energy and release the pent up energy and emotion into great works of and emotion into great works of art.art.

CompensationCompensation Emphasize our talents and Emphasize our talents and

abilities to cover up real or abilities to cover up real or imagined weaknessesimagined weaknesses Under compensate = inferiority Under compensate = inferiority

complexcomplex Over compensate = superiority Over compensate = superiority

complexcomplex

Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual Stages

Freud’s theory of sexual Freud’s theory of sexual developmentdevelopment

““Sexual” means whatever Sexual” means whatever brings pleasure, not brings pleasure, not procreationprocreation

Your Sexual Energy Your Sexual Energy (Libido)(Libido) is focused on is focused on different parts of the different parts of the body at different ages.body at different ages.

If too much or too little If too much or too little “energy” is expressed “energy” is expressed during each stage- a during each stage- a person can become person can become

“fixated”“fixated”Fixated stages affect your Fixated stages affect your

personalitypersonality

Oral StageOral Stage Birth to 1 ½Birth to 1 ½

Pleasure through eating, biting, putting Pleasure through eating, biting, putting everything in moutheverything in mouth

The primary conflict at this stage is the The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning process (becoming less weaning process (becoming less dependent)dependent)

Fixated?Fixated? If child has a problem developing If child has a problem developing

independence, fixation will occurindependence, fixation will occur

Personality is highlighted by Personality is highlighted by dependency issues, aggression, dependency issues, aggression, gullibility, sarcasm, lack of gullibility, sarcasm, lack of confidenceconfidence

Bites on pens, smokes, bites Bites on pens, smokes, bites fingernails, addicted to chap stick, fingernails, addicted to chap stick, chews a lot of gumchews a lot of gum

Anal StageAnal Stage 1 ½ to 31 ½ to 3

Potty training is the major conflictPotty training is the major conflict

Pleasure through control of Pleasure through control of elimination elimination

Developing this control leads to a Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and sense of accomplishment and control. control.

Fixated?Fixated?inappropriate parental responses during potty inappropriate parental responses during potty

training can result in negative outcomes. training can result in negative outcomes.

too lenient: an too lenient: an anal-expulsive personalityanal-expulsive personality could could develop in which the individual has a messy, develop in which the individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive personality. wasteful, or destructive personality.

too strict or too early: an too strict or too early: an anal-retentive personalityanal-retentive personality develops in which the individual is stringent, develops in which the individual is stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive. orderly, rigid, and obsessive.

Phallic StagePhallic StageAge 3-5Age 3-5Discover genitals Discover genitals (& difference (& difference

between girls & boys)between girls & boys)

Attachment to opp. sex Attachment to opp. sex parent, Jealous of same sex parent, Jealous of same sex parentparent

Oedipus ComplexOedipus Complex

Unconscious Unconscious desire for desire for opposite sex opposite sex parent – hostility parent – hostility toward same sex toward same sex parentparent

Boys & Boys & MommiesMommies

Electra ComplexElectra ComplexUnconscious desire for Unconscious desire for

opposite sex parent – opposite sex parent – hostility toward same sex hostility toward same sex parentparent

Girls & DaddiesGirls & DaddiesPenis EnvyPenis Envy

IdentificationIdentification To get rid of To get rid of

“urges” – “urges” – imitation of imitation of same sex same sex parentparent

Boys want to Boys want to only play with only play with Daddy, Girls Daddy, Girls only with only with MommyMommy

Karen Karen HorneyHorney

"Girls hold their mother responsible for their "Girls hold their mother responsible for their lack of a penis and do not forgive her for lack of a penis and do not forgive her for their being thus put at a disadvantage"their being thus put at a disadvantage"

Freud (1933)Freud (1933) Freud felt that Freud felt that allall women remain fixated in women remain fixated in

the phallic stage due to this “penis envy”the phallic stage due to this “penis envy”

I propose I propose that that menmen are are

fixated on fixated on this stage this stage

due to due to Womb Womb

Envy!Envy! They They feel inferior feel inferior

because because they can’t they can’t

give birth to give birth to children!children!

The concept of The concept of Penis Envy is Penis Envy is

inaccurate and inaccurate and demeaning!demeaning!

So take that So take that Freud!Freud!

Fixation in the Phallic StageFixation in the Phallic StageFor men: For men: Anxiety and guilty feelings Anxiety and guilty feelings

about sex, fear of castration, and about sex, fear of castration, and narcissistic personalitynarcissistic personality. .

For women: It is implied that women For women: It is implied that women never progress past this stage fully never progress past this stage fully and will always maintain a sense of and will always maintain a sense of envy and inferiorityenvy and inferiority

Latency StageLatency Stage

Age 5- PubertyAge 5- Puberty

No sexual energy (absence of libido) No sexual energy (absence of libido) – in part due to the growth of the ego – in part due to the growth of the ego and superegoand superego

Learns Learns gendergender identity identity

Guys are gross…Guys are gross… Girls have “cooties”..Girls have “cooties”..

•Girls play with girlsGirls play with girls•Boys play with boysBoys play with boys

Latent StageLatent Stage

Fixations do not Fixations do not develop in this stage…develop in this stage…

Genital StageGenital Stage Puberty + Puberty +

Reproduction capableReproduction capable

Mature, responsible urges Mature, responsible urges and pursuit of relationshipsand pursuit of relationships

No Fixation –No Fixation – any problems any problems arising during this phase is due to a arising during this phase is due to a fixation from a previous stage…fixation from a previous stage…

Updating Freud’s TheoryUpdating Freud’s TheoryModern Psychologists put Modern Psychologists put

less emphasis than Freud on:less emphasis than Freud on: Sexual basis of personalitySexual basis of personality Men vs. womenMen vs. women Freud’s Theories are updated by Freud’s Theories are updated by

the likes of Erikson, Piaget, etc…the likes of Erikson, Piaget, etc…