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Name ________________ Nº___

Surname __________________________

NATURAL SCIENCE

UNIT 3. THE CLASSIFICATION OF

LIVING THINGS II

Exam Date: __________________

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UNIT 3. THE CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS II In this unit we are going to learn about:

1. The Fungi Kingdom - Characteristics - Mushrooms - Fungi and people: beneficial fungi, harmful Fungi

2. The Protist Kingdom - Characteristics - Algae - Protozoa/amoeba

3. The Monera Kingdom - Characteristics

- Bacteria

Science Investigators

Do you have any other questions? Write them down and let’s find the answer

-

Are bacteria good or bad for you?

Do you know that fungi can grow in your body?

What is penicillin?

Can you see bacteria with your eyes?

Can fungi be used to produce

food?

Are algae plants?

Why are fungi important for plants?

Have you ever eaten algae?

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1. THE FUNGUS KINGDOM Fungi have the following characteristics:

ü They can be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (mushrooms and moulds).

ü Like plants, fungi can’t move about and many of them grow in soil.

ü Like animals, fungi can’t make their own food. They obtain the nutrients they need

from the remains of dead plants and animals (heterotrophs). They produce a

substance which breaks down plant and animal matter.

ü They can be found not only on the ground, but also on pieces of wood or on

decomposing food.

MUSHROOMS Some fungi produce mushrooms. A mushroom

is the only the visible part of a fungus. The main

part of these fungi grows beneath the soil, and

can be several kilometers long! In autumn and

spring, the fungi grow above the ground as

mushrooms so that they can reproduce. The

main parts of a mushroom are the cap, the gills,

the ring and the stem.

FUNGI AND PEOPLE Many fungi are beneficial to people, but others can be harmful.

Ø BENEFICIAL FUNGI

ü Some fungi can produce edible mushrooms.

ü Some medicines, like penicillin, are produced by fungi.

ü Blue cheese is made from mould; bread is made from

yeast.

Ø HARMFUL FUNGI ü Some fungi can produce poisonous mushrooms, which can

be deadly.

ü Athlete’s foot is an infection caused by a fungus.

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2. THE PROTIST KINGDOM Protists have the following characteristics:

ü Protists can be unicellular or multicellular. ü Some protists produce their own food (autotrophs), like algae that contain

chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis; others are heterotrophs.

ü Some protozoa don’t move. Others move in different ways. Amoebas, for

example, move with pseudopods, or false feet, but paramecium move using cilia.

ü Most protists are aquatic organisms; they live in water.

TYPES OF PROTISTS Protists include two very different types of organisms: algae and protozoa.

Ø ALGAE ü Algae are protists that can be unicellular or multicellular. ü They are similar to plants because they can make their own food. They use

energy from sunlight to perform photosynthesis.

ü Some multicellular marine algae can grow to a very large size.

ü Algae are very nutritious, so they are used as food in many countries. They are

also used as fertilizer or to produce cosmetics.

Ø PROTOZOA – Amoebas & Paramecium- ü Protozoa are unicellular protists that live in aquatic environments.

ü They feed on other organisms. They take in its food by absorbing it.

ü Some protozoa can cause diseases, like malaria.

Amoeba Paramecium Algae

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3. THE MONERA KINGDOM Monerans have the following characteristics:

ü All monerans are unicellular living things; they are not visible to the naked eye.

ü They don’t have bodies. The shape of the cell varies according

to the type of organism. Some monerans have a tail that helps

them to move. Others don’t move, they stay in one place.

ü Some monerans feed on other organisms: they produce a

substance that breaks down plant and animal matter (heterotrophs); other

monerans make their own food: they are autotrophs.

ü They can be found on land, in the air, in water and inside other living things.

ü Bacteria belong to this kingdom.

BACTERIA

ü Bacteria are the smallest and simplest living things, and can

only be seenthrough a microscope. ü Most bacteria feed on other organisms (they feed on dead

animals and plants), but some bacteria make their own food. ü Bacteria can be found everywhere in the world. They can live

in all kinds of environments: in water, soil, air or inside other living things.

ü Bacteria can live at extreme high and low temperatures, but they prefer warm places.

ü Bacteria can be helpful or harmful. Some bacteria cause

illnesses, like cholera; others are used to make food,

such as cheese or yogurt.

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UNIT VOCABULARY 1. _______________ - _______________

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In this unit I have learned:

1.- _________________________________________________________

2.- _________________________________________________________

3.- _________________________________________________________

I would like to learn more about:

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REFERENCES

• Science 5 Primary, sm, 2009.

• Science The world around us 5 Primary Education. Anaya English, 2013.

• Science The world around us 6 Primary Education. Anaya English, 2013.

• Natural and Social Science Primary 5 Pupil’s book Macmillan, 2012.

• Natural Science 5 Primary Student’s book. edebé, 2015.

• Natural Science 5 Primary Activity Book. edebé, 2015 .

• Natural Science. Primary 5 Anaya English- ANAYA, 2014.

• Natural Science. Primary 6 Anaya English- ANAYA, 2015.

• Natural Science. Primary 5 (Activity Book) Anaya English- ANAYA, 2014.

• Social and Natural Sciences 5 Look and Think Oxford Education, 2010.

• Natural Science 5 (Comunidad de Madrid) Vicens Vivens, 2015.

• Natural Science Our World (Comunidad de Madrid) Richmond, 2015.

• Natural Science Primary 5 (Comunidad de Madrid) ByME Macmillan & Edelvives, 2015.

• Top Science 5 Primary. Ed Santillana/ Richmond, 2011.

• Top Science 6 Primary. Ed Santillana/ Richmond, 2011.

• Science “My World” Primary 6, Edelvives, 2013.

WEBS • http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-algae-and-plants/

• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/autotroph/

• https://www.ducksters.com/science/biology/fungi.php

• https://easyscienceforkids.com/all-about-fungi/

• https://kidsbiology.com/biology-basics/fungi-kingdom/

• https://kids.britannica.com/kids/article/fungus/353159

• https://kids.kiddle.co/Fungus

• https://www.ducksters.com/science/biology/protists.php

• https://kidsbiology.com/biology-basics/protists-kingdom/

• https://kidsbiology.com/biology-basics/monera-kingdom-moneran/

• https://biologywise.com/monera-characteristics