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Fungi Vocab Use Nelson p 239-241 or M&L p 407 & 409
and glossaries
• Haploid chromosomal number (n)• Diploid chromosomal number (2n)• Sporangium• Spores• Gametangium• Gametes• Dikaryotic = a cell that has 2 nuclei
Fungi Vocab (post unit 2 test)• Haploid chromosomal number (n) = one set of
chromosome or half the number of chromosomes
• Diploid chromosomal number (2n) = two sets of chromosomes or full set of chromosomes
• Sporangium = reproductive structure that produces spores
Fungi Vocab (post unit 2 test)• Spores = reproductive structure with half the
number of chromosomes (n)• Gametangium = reproductive structure that
produces gametes• Gametes = haploid sex cells (ex. egg & sperm)• Dikaryotic = a cell that has 2 nuclei
Kingdom Fungi Characteristics & Reproduction
Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi:
• Eukaryotes• Prefer dark, warm, moist areas• Unicellular (yeast) or Multicellular (molds,
mushrooms)• Have cell wall in life cycle – NOT part of K.
Plantae because they lack chlorophyll
Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi:• All are heterotrophic – digestion is extracellular
(external), then the food is absorbed through the cell wall/ cell membraneA) Saprobes =absorb food from dead/decaying
organisms ex)mushroomsB) Parasites = obtain food from a living host
ex) ringworm or Athlete’s foot
Reproduction
• Fungi always produce spores – sexual, asexual or both.
• Spores are dispersed by air currents.
• There are 4 types of asexual reproduction.
• There is 1 type of sexual reproduction.
4 Types of Asexual Reproduction
1. Fission = simple cell division (mitosis).
4 Types of Asexual Reproduction
2. Budding = new organism grows from the body of the parent and detaches.
4 Types of Asexual Reproduction
3. Fragmentation = hyphae broken apart
Hyphae (responsible for vegetative
growth)
4 Types of Asexual Reproduction
4. Spores = reproductive cell that is haploid (n) and has a thick outer covering for protection. Spores are produced in sporangia. Spores develop into haploid hyphae (n).
1 Type of Sexual Reproduction• Spores = produced
when 2 haploid (n) cells called gametes undergo fusion (2 gametes fused together) to create a zygote (diploid - 2n)
Dikaryotic stage• The 2 haploid nuclei may or may not fuse right away.
– If they fuse immediately = diploid (2n) – zygote created.
– If they don’t fuse right away, the 2 haploid nuclei divide independently in hyphal cells creating a dikaryotic stage (2 nuclei) n + n.• This stage can last for a short or long period of time.
However, eventually the 2 nuclei fuse and form a zygote.
• Haploid gametes are produced again.
General L. C. of Sexual Reproduction in Fungi:
Diploid Stage (2n)Nuclear fusion zygote
Meiosis Dikaryotic stage (n + n) Haploid stage(n)Haploid gametes undergo cytoplasmic fusion only
Fungi Body Plans
• There are 3 fungal body plans you need to know:– Typical mold– Yeast – Mushroom
Typical mold body plan
mycelium
Yeast body plan
Mushroom body plan
cap
gills
stipering
Mycelium(Single = rhizoid)
Stipe / hyphae
Mushroom and Yeast Activity
Purpose: To observe the structure of mushrooms and yeast. Also, to observe what happens to yeast when water is added.
Procedure:Use a compound microscope on medium power.
1. Take a thin piece of the stipe, crush it on the slide, and spread it thin. Observe and draw the individual cells you see. If you don’t, crush the sample some more. Label the individual cells. 2. Take a thin piece of the cap, crush it on the slide, and spread it thin. Observe and draw the individual cells you see.Label the individual cells.3. Take one individual piece of the gill. Look for basidia at the edges. The gill must be flat on the slide to find basidia. DON’T CRUSH THIS ONE.Label the basidia.
4. Obtain a microscope viewer and the Asexual Reproduction Booklet. Observe slide 2 – Budding Yeast. Draw and label the entire field of view including four stages of budding 5. Look at prepared slides of Ascomycetes – Sac Fungi - Peziza. Make a full biological drawing of what you see.
Label: the ascus (sporangium) & ascospores (spores) You will submit 5 biological drawings. No conclusion is needed. DUE FRIDAY!