Unit 3 Chapter 9

The Progressive Era

Id and Define Section 1

Progressive movement Prohibition Muckraker Scientific management Initiative Referendum Recall 17th amendment

Section 2 NACW Suffrage NAWSA

Section 3 The Jungle Square Deal Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug

Act Conservation NAACP

Section 4 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bull Moose Party

The Origins of Progressivism

Progressive movement aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices 4 GOALS 1. protecting social welfare 2.Promoting moral improvement 3.Creating economic reform 4.Fostering efficiency

Protecting Social Welfare

Social Gospel and settlement houses

YMCA (young men’s Christian association)

Salvation Army Florence Kelly – became an

advocate for improving the lives of women and children

Florence Kelley is third from the left

Promoting Moral Improvement Improving the lives of the poor through

moral change Prohibition was one of the programs WCTU – Women’s Christian Temperance

Union crusaded for prohibition Singing, praying and urging saloon keepers

to stop selling alcohol Suffrage

Carrie Nation

Led a campaign to eliminate the “evils” of liquor through violent means.

She had an axe yo!

Frances Willard Took a Small

Midwest campaign and turned it national

Creating Economic Reform

Panic of 1893 Some embraced socialism

Labor leader Eugene V. Debs created the American Socialist Party

Progressives distanced themselves from socialism

Cont.

Muckrakers – journalists who wrote for popular magazines about the corruption Ida Tarbell – exposed the Standard Oil

company in McClures Magazine Yellow journalist – exaggerates a

story to sell newspapers

Fostering Efficiency

Louis D. Brandeis fought to limit women’s work day to 10hours Using the high

cost of the long working hour “Brandeis Brief”

Frederick Winslow Taylor used time and motion studies to improve efficiency by breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts “Taylorism” –

Applying scientific management studies to see how quickly a task can be performed

Henry Ford using the assembly line and reducing the work day to 8hours and $5 a day. Which gave

workers incentive work

Cleaning Up Local Government

Galveston, Texas – Hurricane revealed the failure of the government

Dayton, Ohio – flood Set up City Manager plan Reform Mayors – introduced

progressive reforms

Reform at the State level

Reform governors Robert M. La Follette “fighting Bob”

entered the Senate Targeted the railroad industry

Protecting Working Children

In 1904 the National Child Labor Committee gathered evidence to show the plight of children

Keating-Owen Act in 1916- prohibited the transportation of goods across state lines that were produced by children Later declared unconstitutional

Effort to Limit Working Hours

Bunting vs. Oregon Persuaded the court to uphold a 10

hour work day for men

Lost youth

Reforming Elections

Initiative – a bill originated by the people

Referendum - a vote on the initiative, requires legislator to vote on it.

Recall - enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions

Recall election results

Direct Election of Senators

17th Amendment to the Constitution

Kept the senators honest by making them accountable to the people

Section 2 Women in Public Life

Women in the Work Force 1 out of 5 American women had jobs They were paid half as much as men Domestic Workers

Women Lead ReformWomen Lead Reform

►Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC – Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC – 146 workers died146 workers died Encouraged women's groups Encouraged women's groups Fought for reformFought for reform

►Women began to attend collegesWomen began to attend colleges►NACW, National Association of Colored NACW, National Association of Colored

WomenWomen

Triangle shirtwaist fire

Susan B. Anthony fought for suffrage

along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton – founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) which united with the NAWSA

Women's Suffrage 3 part strategy

1. Get the vote from state legislatures Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho

2. Women pursued court cases to test the 14th amendment

3. National Constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote

Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal• Roosevelt was known

as the progressive president

• NY politician who was considered too radical for state party politics

• They attempted to bury him in the Vice Presidency

T. Roosevelt becomes President

The Death of McKinley put Roosevelt in office at the age of 42 he was the youngest president

Wanted to help the common people by giving them a Square Deal

Progressive reforms

Using Federal Power

Trust busting – did not truly end trust just regulated them

Sherman Anti-Trust Act – too loosely worded

1902 Coal Strike, Roosevelt came out on the side of the strikers

Roosevelt Health and Environment The Jungle by

Upton Sinclair Described the

filthy conditions of the slaughter houses for workers

Inspired the Meat Inspection Act

And 1906 congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act

Conservation

John Muir, a naturalist and writer persuaded Roosevelt to set aside 148 million acres of forest

Roosevelt appointed Gifford Pinchot as head of the U.S. Forest Service

Newlands act, irrigation project

Roosevelt and Muir

Section 4 Progressivism Under Taft

Roosevelt promised not to run for a third term instead he wanted William Howard Taft to become president

Taft as president

Did not receive much credit for programs or the busting of 90 trusts

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff• Taft wanted to lower tariffs, he supported the Payne

Bill

• However the Senate passed a weakened bill

Conservationist• Gifford Pinchot believed in managing for public

enjoyment and private development

3 candidates election of 19123 candidates election of 1912

Republicans –TaftRepublicans –Taft Progressive/Bull Moose – T. RooseveltProgressive/Bull Moose – T. Roosevelt Democrat – Woodrow Wilson Democrat – Woodrow Wilson

The Republican Party Splits 1912

The Bull moose party - 3rd party form by Roosevelt who decides to run for a third term

Woodrow Wilson

Campaign with women’s votes and black rights.

Carrie Chapman CattNAWSA PRES. 1915-

Lady like behavior

Radical LeadersLucy Burn and Alice PaulNWP

Alice Paul

Lucy Burns