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LOOKING AT THE DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT CAN INFLUENCE HEALTH:

ATTITUDES & PREJUDICESLIFESTYLE CHOICES

SOCIAL FACTORSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

FINANCIAL FACTORSPHYSICAL FACTORS

Unit 2- Promoting Good Health

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Attitudes & Prejudices

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6 factors of wellness

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Attitudes & Prejudices

Health and wellbeing mean different things to different people. Consequently there are a variety of interpretations of “health”.

Today you will need to create a questionnaire sheet asking a variety of questions about health. They can not be invasive questions, merely peoples opinions and attitudes towards health.

X Invasive: “Do you think your fat?”√ Opinion: “Do you think UK/London has an obesity problem?”

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Fear

As you learned in the previous unit, some people refuse to health care services due to fear.

Fear to find out something is wrong themFear of a new environment/settingFear of travelling thereFear of doctors (Latrophobia)

How can we help service users to over come these fears?

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Lack of Trust in Health Practitioners

First impressions mean everything, if a service user has had a bad experience in the past, they may grow to distrust their Health provider, the Health Care centre, or the Health Care system in general!

Not being able to trust/confidePoor relationshipsPatronised or not being listened toNot feeling cared for or listened toPoor services (long waits, lines, unclean)

How can we help regain the trust of our service users?

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Social factors•Culture•Family•Social Class

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Culture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSoNcRnqFPg

Brain storm western vs. alternative medicines

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Western Views

Negative view -The absence of injuries, diseases or feeling ok)

Positive View- identifying qualities and abilities that a person ought to have in order to be healthy

Question: does being able to walk 10miles make you healthy??

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Western Views Cont..

Wellbeing (the way people feel about themselves)

WHO (World Health Organisation) defines health as

“a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of

disease or infirmity”

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Western Views Cont...

Traditional activities to stay healthy: Physical activity Diet Nutrition Medicines and pharmaceuticals Mechanical intervention

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Alternative Views

Alternative views classify health as synergist of systems- meaning that if one is out of balance, your entire body/mind/energy will be out balance as well.

Alternative views tend to take a more holistic approach

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Alternative Views Cont...

Examples of Alternative medicines Herbs and natural medicines Cupping Hypnosis Raiki Magnetics Acupuncture Chiropractor Massage reflexology

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History of Health

Health today has improved immensely from the standards of the past, however the main ideas of what it means to be “healthy” have evolved or been developed from earlier ideas.

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Prehistoric Healthcare

Researchers conduct a re-enactment of the method presumably used in Pakistan to drill teeth 9,000 years ago. A flint drilling tip was mounted in a rod holder and attached to a bowstring. In less than a minute, the technique produced holes similar to those found in prehistoric teeth. One important difference: The Neolithic dentists performed their operations on living humans

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Prehistoric Health Care

Trepanation (verb, trepan) is the act of removing a portion of the skull via intentional perforation without replacing the removed skull area. Basically, the trepanned individual walks around with a hole in his/her head merely covered by skin.

Trepanning has been documented to exist throughout human history and even prehistoric skulls with visible signs of trepanning have been found in France dating back to approximately 6500BC. This same act was also performed by the many civilizations in Ancient history such as the Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Romans, Indians and early Mesoamerican societies. Even Hippocrates himself described a method of performing the procedure in a very crude manner and Greek physicians developed a wide array of devices to carry out trepanning operations. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KUrct2eKUg

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Prehistoric Health Care

Cultures in the past and even some today believe that causes of illness or even death can be caused by spirits.

As a western society we moved away from these beliefs in the 18th century as modern medicine flourished, but in some remote cultures these are still beliefs.

Jinn Spirit- http://www.metro.co.uk/news/913044-evil-spirit-murder-life-for-family-who-killed-pregnant-naila-mumtaz

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CASE STUDY #1 CASE STUDY #2

Lois age 30 has a job as a stockbroker. She buys and sells shares and must reach certain targets each week. She works out in the company gym each morning and then works hard from 8am to 8pm at night. She admits to feeling stressed most of the time. Before going home she usually goes for a few drinks with her colleagues to wind down. She has made a lot of money but says she has little time for other things

Richie is 27 year old packer in a factory. He says his job is very boring. His life really revolves around sport and fitness training. He goes to the gym 5 nights a week . Before each work day he jogs or swims. He also cycles everywhere he goes. He is very concerned about his appearance and thinks about exercise even when he’s not doing it. He has recently started taking anabolic steroids to help him build his physique.

WHO IS HEALTHY?

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CASE STUDY #3 CASE STUDY #4

Linda is a 19 year old student of geology. In her first year at university. She joined a rock climbing group and went on most of their climbing trips. Recently she went on a trip to Snowdonia. This time she just ‘lost her nerve’. She got stuck on a rock face and had to be taken off by rescue helicopter. She’s been feeling on edge ever since and has fallen behind in her studies this term.

Alex age 47 gave up his job as a business studies lecturer two years ago to live in France and write. He use to spend a great deal of time out of doors, cycling, around the countryside. Last year he damaged his ankle in a fall and can no longer ride very far. Although he’s made a few friends he rarely has enough money to go out. Last winter he felt lonely. He caught pneumonia because he couldn’t afford to heat his house. He’s now working as a tourist guide to make money until he gets a book published.

WHO IS HEALTHY?

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1. IN WHAT WAY IS EACH PERSON HEALTHY OR UNHEALTHY? GIVE A SCORE OF 1 -10 (10 BEING HEALTHY)

2. COMPARE AND DISCUSS YOUR IDEAS WITH OTHERS AND SCORES IN THE CLASS

3. WHAT SORT OF APPROACH TO HEALTH ARE YOU USING IN MAKING YOUR DECISIONS (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE APPROACH?

WHO IS HEALTHY?

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Social Class

Question:How Much Money would you need to be healthyIs money linked to well-being?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8r1CZTLk-Gk

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Social Class Cont...

People who have a good income are less likely to worry about being able to cope with everyday life. They dont experience the same stress as people who are worried about having to pay rent and feed children. But how much do we need to be happy?

Which of the below would you list as a basic necessity vs. luxury? Heating Money for transport Two pairs of all weather shoes Satellite tv Mobile phone Indoor toilet Toys for children Bedroom for each child Party celebrations 3 meals a day Personal computer

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Social Class Cont...

WORK What jobs are physically strenious of physically active? What jobs are mentally demanding or are intellectually stimulating What jobs are good for self esteem and socially interactive?

EDUCATIONEducation effects health. Doing well on an exam can give you a sense of selfesteem while failing one can cause stress or depression. Education builds ones intellectual development, social skills, and communication which effects the achievements we accomplish later in life?(ie, did you get the dream career, friends, and spouse?)

LEISUREWhile work and education are sources of good health it can also cause adecrease such as stress and tiredness. Consequently one needs to have abalance and include time to de stress and rest. Hobbies, social lives, and juststraight relaxing are important.

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Family

Family and friends play a vital role in your EMOTIONAL wellbeing/health.

They took can cause stress(fights and falling outs), but having a few good friends or family members through out your life can help alleviate stress in other areas of your life (health wheel)

Attachment as an infant to mother or father is vital. They are developing the vital skill of an emotionally secure relationship. This builds their self concept and self esteem and can lay the foundations for relationships later in life.

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Family

Children/Adolescents also need friends and strong families to maintain self esteem and a sense of belonging.

During Adulthood/old age, friends and familys remain important for emotional wellbeing as a lack of relationships can leave a person feel isolated, lonely, and depressed. There has also been research that those with strong family/friends supports live longer and healthier lives.

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Environmental Issues•Pollution•Housing•Workplace health•Financial factors (income)•Physical factors (additional needs)

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Pollution

Pollution- when our natural surrounds (including air, water, and landscape) are contaminated with posionous or harmful substances.

What Types of Pollution can you think of?

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Pollution

Air Pollutants -acid rain, smoke,

fumes, greenhouse gases

Water chemicals, sewage,

contaminations

Noise Traffic, adverts, music

TYPES OF POLLUTIONS EFFECTS OF POLLUTIONS

Respiratory problems (asthma)

Reduction of ozone layer (skin cancer)

Infection/disease (typhoid fever in London in ancient times)

Stress, Anxiety, hearing loss

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Pollution

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Housing

Housing- is more then just a shelter, it gives a sense of emotional wellbeing and psychological security.

What attributes would make up poor housing?

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Poor Housing

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Poor Housing

No HeatingDampness

OvercrowdingSharing or lack of

facilities

Highrises or towerblocks

TYPES EFFECTSRespiratory DisordersArthritishypothermia

Spread of disease and infection

Social isolation, depression, low self esteem

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Lifestyle Choices

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See Individual PPTS for Lifestyle Choices

This section has been split into individual ppts.