Unit 2

English around the world

Reading

高一人教新课标必修一

Am E

Br E

Look at the pictures. Can you speak them in American English and British English?

soccer

football

Am E

Br E eraser

rubber

Am E

Br E lift

elevator

Am E

Br E flat

apartment

actually in fact 实际上 , 事实上at present now 现在的、出席的rule govern 统治vocabulary words and expressions

词汇、词汇量gradually by degrees 逐渐地

New words

official 官方的 voyage 航行 , 航海native 本国的 , 本地的actually 事实上latter 后者的 identity 身份fluent 流利的frequently 频繁地

be based on 以……为基础culture 文化 、文明identity 身份government 政府rapidly 迅速地Singapore 新加坡Malaysia 马来西亚

Pre-reading

Read the title “The Road to Modern English” and predict ( 预测 ) what the passage is mainly about?

The road to modern English The road

the development of English language

More and more people speak English.

Native English speakers can

understand each other but

not everything.

Para 1:

Para 2:

①At the end of… ②Later in the next century… ③Today…

English is changing over time. (cultures & places)

English is spoken as a foreign or

second language in many countries.

Para 3-4:

Para 5:

A. How to learn English well

B. The brief history of modern English

C. The way to England

D. The difference between modern

English and old English

Choose the main idea of the text. B

Careful reading: Para 1--Development of English

the end of the 16th century

the next century

today

people

England

Many other countries

More people speak in more countries

If an American is talking to an Englishman,_______.A. They will have almost no difficulty in understandingB. They will have a lot of misunderstandings between each otherC. The American finds it difficult to understand the EnglishmanD. The English man finds it difficult to follow the American

Para 2

A

Why does English change over time?

Because of cultural communication.

Read Para 3 and answer the question:

How has English changed over time?

AD 450-1150

American Dictionary of the English Language

was based more on German

more like French

Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary

American English

Australian English

Para 3-4

(rule)

(identity)

British people went to Australia

1150-1500

In the 1600’s

…

Find out the characteristics of each time according to the time axis.

AD450-1150 800-1150

The time ADEL was written

In the 1600’s

later

German

less like German; more like French

Shakespeare’s English

American English

Australian English

The road to modern English

AD 450-1150

English was based more on _______.

AD 800-1150

English became _____ like German Because those who _____ England spoke first Danish and later French.

In the 1600s

_____________ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.

German

The history of the English language

lessruled

Shakespeare

The road to modern EnglishIn 1620 Some British settlers moved to

_________.Later in the 18th century

Some British people were taken to __________.

1765-1947

English became the language for

_________________________.

America

Australia

government and education

The road to modern English

By the 19 th century

The English language was settled. Two big changes in _______________ happened: Samuel Johnson wrote his __________ and Noah Webster wrote _____________________________

____________________

Now English is also spoken as a foreign or second language _____________

_____________ _______ and so on.

English spellingdictionary

The American Dictionary of

the English Language.

in South Asia

China South Africa

Samuel Johnson

Born: September 18, 1709

Write a dictionary One of

the English language’s most

profound influences.

Two important persons in Para 4

Noah Webster Born: October 16, 1758Died: May 28, 1843When Noah was 43, he started writing the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently.

Why is India mentioned in the last paragraph?A. Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second language because of its long being ruled by Britain.B. Because India has a very large number of English speakers.C. Because India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life.D. Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.

Para 5

A

English is used as…

A first language

A second language

A foreign language

in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand and so on.

in India, Pakistan, Nigeria the Philippines, and HK and so on.

in China, and so on.

time

place

Language can change with time.

Language can change

when cultures

communicate with

each other.

Conclusion

Flow Chart

The Road To Modern English

English is not all the same

English changes over time

The end of 16th C

The

next century

Today

More

like

French

Shake-speare’s time

English speakers increasing

English spread inAsia and Africa

Am E

Australian

English

India Other

coun-tries

ChinaBased on German

1. English has/had the most speakers____.A. nowB. when the British ruled many parts of the worldC. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th century2. Which of the following statement is true?A. Languages always stay the same.B. Languages change only after wars.C. Languages no longer change.D. Languages change when cultures change.

A

D

Choose the correct answer.

3. From AD 450 to 1150, English

sounded more like _____.

A. French B. Chinese

C. German D. Russian

4. Shakespeare’s English was spoken

around _____.

A. 1400’s B. 1150’s C. 450’s D. 1600’s

5. Which country has the fastest growing

number of English speakers in the world?

A. Australia B. China

C. India D. Britain

C

D

B

1. Most English speakers in the 16th

century lived in England.

2. More and more people use English

as their first or 2nd language.

3. English began to be spoken in other

countries in 17th century.

T

T

T

True or False

4. Native English speakers can’t understand each other because they don’t speak the same kind of English. 5. As English is widely used, it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

6. Noah Webster wrote The American

Dictionary of the English Language.

F

T

T

7. From 1765 to 1947 English became

the language for government and

education in India.

8. America has the largest number

of English learners.

9. English had the most speakers in

the 17th century.

10. English developed when new settlers

and rulers came to Britain.

T

F

F

T

11. Languages frequently change.

12. The language of the government is

always the language of the country.

13. English is one of the official

languages used in India.

14. This reading describes the

development of the English

language.

F

T

T

F

1. What is the clue of the passage?

2. When did people from England begin

to move to other parts of the world?

Time.

In the 17th century.

Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.

3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?

India was ruled by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time English became the language for government and education.

At first, only people in ________ spoke English.

Later, people from England _______ to other

parts, so English began to be spoken in

______ _____ _________. Today, _______ people

speak English as their _____, second or foreign

language. _______ English speakers _____

understand each other but ____ ___________.

Retell the text.

England

moved

many other countries more

first

Native can

not everything

All languages change when ________

communicate with one another.

So there are British English, American

English, Australian English and so on.

They all have their own ________.

English is also spoken as a foreign or

second language in _____ ____ _______.

Maybe one day Chinese English will

become one of the world English.

cultures

identity

many other countries

Thinking

Will Chinese English become one of

the world Englishes?

“Only time will tell”.

1. Do you think it matters what kind

of English you learn? Why?

2. Why do you think people all over

the world want to learn English?

Why do so many people want to learn English ?

To use for business To use in school

To talk to nativespeakers

To read Englishbooks

To write to pen friends

To listen to English music and movies

1. Nearly all of them lived in England.

nearly 和 almost 用法明辨：(1) 两者通用的场合 a. 在肯定句中 b. 修饰 all, every, always 等时 c. 在行为动词的否定式前时e.g. He is almost/nearly 80 years old.

(2) 只用 almost 的场合a. 和 any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等连用时。b. 和 too, more than 等连用时。c. 和表示感觉或心理活动的静态 动词连用时。e.g. There is almost none left. (3) 只用 nearly 的场合a. 被 very, not, pretty 等修饰时。b. 和具体数字连用时 (nearly 常用 ) 。如 :Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.

2. voyage 在此为可数名词 , 意为“旅行 ,

航行”。如： ① The Titanic went under on its first

voyage.

② They supplied this ship with enough

food and necessities for a long voyage.

③ I don’t want to make the voyage

without help.

[ 拓展 ] voyage 还可用作动词 , 意为“ ( 乘船 ) 航行 , 航海”。如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意区别名词 travel, journey, trip和 voyage: travel 用作不可数名词 , 只用于泛指从某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间里到处走 , 可用 travels ； journey 用作可数名词 , 表示去某地所花的时间和旅行

的距离 , 尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行 ; trip 用作可数名词 , 表示非定期的 , 也许较短的往返旅行 ; voyage 则常指海上旅行或太空旅行。

① Air travel is becoming cheaper.② He’s on his travels again.

③ Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year.

④ The kids are going on a trip to the castle.

3. because of 后边加名词或动名词短语； because 是连词 , 所以后边跟句子。 因为你的关心 , 我发现生活充满了希望。Because you are concerned about

me, I find that life is full of hope.

Because of your concern, I find that

life is full of hope.

因为雨下得很大 , 那个男孩穿过树林回家了。Because it rained heavily, the boy went

back home through the woods.

Because of the heavy rain, the boy went

back home through the woods.

4. than ever before “ 比以往任何时候更”than ever before 可看作是 than they

ever speak English before 的省略形式。在比较级结构中，副词 ever 与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气。如 :

You’ll speak English much better than

ever before.

Jane looks much prettier than ever before.

ever 在不同句型中的意义： 1) 曾经 ; 以前 ( 用于疑问句 )

2) 无论什么时候都 ( 不 ) ( 用于否定句 )

3) 曾经 ( 用于 if 从句 )

4) 到底 ; 究竟 ( 用于特殊疑问句 )

5) 永远 ; 老是 ( 用于肯定句 )

5. Native English speakers can

understand each other even if they

don’t speak the same kind of English.

even if =even though “ 即使” , 用来引导一个让步状语从句 , 后面既可以用陈述语气 , 也可用虚拟语气 , 但是 even if /

though 引导的从句不用将来时。如 :

Even if it rains tomorrow, we will

leave for Beijing.

用 if, as if, even if 填空。(1) _________ I had money, I wouldn’t

buy it.

(2) _______ I had money, I would buy it.

(3) It looks __________ it is going to rain.

(even if 引导让步状语从句 ; if 引导条件状语从句 ; as if/though “ 似乎是……”引导方式状语从句 )

Even if

If

as if

注意 : (1) even if (= even though): in spite of the

fact; no matter whether 即使 ; 尽管是连词词组 , 用来引导让步状语从句 ; 若主、从句皆表示将来情况 , 从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。(2) even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。 even though 从句是事实。e.g: Even if he is poor, she loves him.

(=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)

(Even) though he is poor, she loves him.

(= He is poor, yet she loves him.)

When talking to a friend over the

telephone, you feel that you are

close _______ the actual distance

is not shortened.

A. but B. even if

C. so D. because

B

① A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.

② The sun comes up in the east.

③ New shoots of bamboo will come up

from around the roots of the old ones.④ Your question came up at the meeting.

come about 出现；发生

6. come up 上来 , 走近 ; 发芽 ; 被提出 ; 升起

走近 , 上来 升起

被提出

come across 偶然遇到或找到come around 恢复 ; 还原 ; 改变某人的 意见或立场come down 传承 ; 按习惯通过或处理come out 成为众所周知 ; 发行或发表 ; 结果 ; 自己公开宣布come over 过来 ; 偶然拜访come up with 宣布或发现 The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.

7. So why has English changed over time?那么 , 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？over 贯穿 , 经过 ( 一段时间 )e.g. 经过这些年 , 他变得更有耐心。 Over the years, he has become more patient. 周末她会来杭州。She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend.圣诞节时你在家吗？Will you stay at home over Christmas?over 超过 (=more than), 再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over

8. It was based more on German than

the English we speak at present.

当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的 ,

而现代英语不是。1) base v. 意为“以……为根据 ,

把基础设在……” , 常构成短语base sth. on/upon sth 。如：

This novel is based on fact.

这部小说是以事实为根据的。The paper had intended to base itself

in London.

This film is based on a novel by D. H.

Lawrence.[ 拓展 ]base 还可用作名词 , 意为“底部 , 基地 , 基础”等。如 :

There is a door at the base of the tower.

How many military bases are they

maintaining on foreign soil?

Many languages have Latin as their base.

掌握 base 构成的两个短语：be off base 完全错误 , 大错特错touch base (with) sb

( 跟某人 ) 联系上 , 逗留

2) more…than… 是……而不是…… ;与其说……不如说…… ; 中间接相同成分。He is more a friend than a teacher.He is more lazy than stupid.扩展 : more than 不仅仅 ; 多于 ; 十分e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school.He made more than ten friends in this club.

She is more than beautiful.rather than 而不是 ; less than少于；other than 除……之外

3) present

adj. 当前的 , 现在的 ( 作前置定语 )

Did you see the present national leaders?

Can you tell us something about the

present situation?

出席的 , 在场的 ( 作表语或后置定语 )

Our teacher was present at the meeting.

All the people present agree to my plan.

n. 目前 , 现在 ; 礼物I can’t spare time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents?at present: now; at this time/moment She’s busy at present and can’t speak to you. 她现在很忙 , 不能跟你谈话。At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。

vt. 赠与，给， 提出present sb. with sth. 或 present sth. to sb.

把……交给 , 颁发 , 授予 如 :

Mother presented a gift to me just now.

On his birthday, his friends presented

him with a series of readers/presented

a series of readers to him.

(送给他一套《读者》 )

9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量。make use of 利用 , 使用make good/full use of 充分使用make no use of sth. 没有利用 We could make good use of our resources.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。Every minute should be made good use of. 每一分钟都应该很好地利用。

She makes use of people she meets as

heroes for her novel.

We should make good use of time to

study.

[ 拓展 ]

make 构成的常见短语 : make of 、make from 通常用于被动语态 ,

构成 be made of 、 be made from 都表示“由……制成”。

其中 be made of 表示在产品中能够看出原材料 ; be made from 表示在产品中看不出原材料。make up 编写 , 编造；和解make up of 由……组成 / 构成；make up for 弥补 , 补偿make out 理解 , 弄懂 ; 看清 , (勉强 ) 辨认出 ; 假装 , 装成make into 制成……make it 成功 , 办成 ; 及时赶到

10. the number of/ a number ofthe number of “…… 的数目” , 接可数名词复数 , 其后谓语动词用单数。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.a number of 许多 , 大量 ( 后接复数名词 ), 其后谓语动词用复数。(a great number of/a large number of/ a small number of )A number of teachers agree with me.

The number of people invited _____fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; were

C

注意 : 只能修饰可数名词的 a large/great/good number of,

a good/great many, dozens of,

scores of, quite a few

只能修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of, a large amount of,

quite a little, a large sum of

既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of,

a large quantity of

11. such as & for example

such as 用来列举事物时 , 一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子且所列举事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和 ,

一旦相等 , 要用 that is 或 namely.

I have three good friends, such as John,

Jack and Tom.He can speak four languages, such as English and French.

×

for example: 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的 “一个” 为例，作插入语，可位于句首，句中或句尾，通常与所给的例子用逗号隔开，其后的例子可以是从句。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.There are many kinds of pollution (污染 ) Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.

用 such as, for example, namely 填空(1) Students, _______ Tom and Mary,

should be learnt from.

(2) Wear something simple, ___________,

a skirt and blouse.

(3) He knows six languages, ________

Chinese, French, English, Spanish,

Russian and Portuguese.

such as

for example

namely

12. Only time can tell. 惟有时间将能证明。tell vi. 显示出 ; 发生影响 ; 起作用 ; 判断tell A from B: 区分 , 分别Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?

13. frequently adv. 经常地 , 频繁地e.g. He was frequently drunk.

Stores of grain are frequently attacked

by pests.

frequently 的形容词是 frequent, 意为 “ 经常的 , 频繁的”。如：He is a frequent visitor to our house.Her headaches are becoming less frequent.Frequent 还可用作动词 , 意为“常到 , 常去”。如：The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre.These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds.

Homework 1. Memorize the new words.

2. Retell the passage.

3. Finish exercises in Learning

about language.