Unit 12

PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

Today’s Objectives….By the end of the session all learners will have…

• Contributed at least 1 of their own perceptions of Freud to class discussion

• Developed own interpreation of their psyche• Contributed to class discussion on psychosexual stages of

development• Identified at least 5 important elements of the Little Hans case

study• Explained own interpreation of what the unconscious mind

consists of• Applied theories to the real world / todays society

Some leaner's will…• Lead discussion • Start to consider how theory could influence development of

therapy

Psychodynamic Psychology

• How well do we know ourselves?• The unconscious mind

• How do our parents shape us?• Developmental influences

• What do our dreams mean?• Symbolism in behaviour & experience

Sigmund Freud

• We are animals, driven by basic biological motives

• The emergence of society required us to bring our animal impulses under control

• Psychology involves understanding how our instincts are channeled to produce civilized behaviour – and what can go wrong with this process.

Psychodynamic Assumptions

• All behaviour can be explained in terms of the inner conflicts of the mind

• The role of the unconscious mind, the structure of personality and the influence of childhood experiences all have an impact on later life

The Psyche (Personality)

Id:

Instincts

Superego:

Morality

Ego:

Reality

Healthy Psyche

Id SuperegoEgo

OK Guys – I’m in charge. Anything you want has to go through me.

OK.

OK.

Neurotic

Id SuperegoEgo

Listen up! I’m in charge, and you are not here to enjoy yourselves. Get ready for a double-size portion of anxiety with a side

order of guilt!

No fun.>whimper<

Psychotic

Id SuperegoEgo

Sex! Food! Drink! Drugs! NOW!

Who turned out the lights?

PsychopathicOK. First, gimme food. Then I want sex –

lots of it and I don’t particularly care whether it’s with a willing partner. Then I want to hurt

people. Badly. Probably be hungry again after that so…

OK then. Let’s go.

How can the Ego deal with the other 2?

• …. determined during childhood

• Every child goes through the psychosexual stages of development

• First 3, personality develops as the source of its libido moving around the body

• Different impulses are tolerated from the parents

The 5 stages of psychosexual development

Oral sucking, swallowing etc.

Anal withholding or expelling faeces

Phallic masturbation

LatentLittle or no sexual motivation present

Genital sexual intercourse

EGO develops

SUPEREGO develops

Origin of libido and sources of pleasure

Key events / influences

Breast feeding, weaning

Potty training

Oedipus / Electra complex

Acquiring knowledge and understanding of the world

• Problems at any stage at any stage of development can results in the child getting fixated (stuck) at a stage…..

• This then has an impact on behaviour later in life

Stage Result of fixation

Oral Smoking, nail biting, dependency, aggression

Anal Messiness and generosity ORObsessiveness, tidiness and meanness

Phallic Vanity and self-centrered ORAnxious and self-doubt

Latent

Genital ‘Normal’ adult personality and sexuality

Little Hans• Read the case study….

• What can this study inform us about the Oedipus complex?

• What can we learn about the inner conflicts of the mind?

• Can we use this in today's world??

The Unconscious…

• Freudian slips….who has accidently said a Freudian slip??!

"For seven and a half years I've worked alongside President Reagan. We've had triumphs. Made some mistakes. We've had some sex... uh... setbacks." -A Freudian slip by President George H.W. Bush

Freud = the unconscious mind ~ slip of the tongue in which a word you were subconsciously thinking about is substituted for the one that you meant to say

The Unconscious Where do you think the

unconscious

conscious and

preconscious are?

What things do you think are in these 3 areas of our state of consciousness?

e.g. thoughts? Feelings? etc

The Unconscious

The conscious. The small amount of mental activity we know about.

The preconscious. Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried.

The unconscious. Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of.

ThoughtsPerceptions

MemoriesStored knowledge

FearsUnacceptable sexual desiresViolent motivesIrrational wishesImmoral urgesSelfish needsShameful experiencesTraumatic experiences

Bad

Worse

Really Bad

Motives

•Latent motives – the unconscious forces that drive our behaviour

•Manifest motives – the lies we tell ourselves to protect us from the truth

Defence mechanisms ~ converting unconscious impulses into more acceptable terms

• Denial

arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't existe.g. denying that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is correct and seeking a second opinion

• Displacement

taking out impulses on a less threatening targete.g. slamming a door instead of hitting as person, yelling at your spouse after an argument with your boss

• Intellectualization

avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspectse.g. focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief

• Projection

placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone elsee.g. homophobia

Defence mechanisms cont….• Rationalisation

supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reasone.g. stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up to the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance

• Reaction Formation

taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxietye.g. having a bias against a particular race or culture and then embracing that race or culture to the extreme

• Regression

returning to a previous stage of developmente.g. sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way

Defence mechanisms cont…

• Repression

locking in the unconsciouse.g. forgetting traumatic events from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety

• Sublimation

acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable waye.g. trying to forget something that causes you anxiety

• Suppression

pushing into the unconsciouse.g. sublimating your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; becoming a surgeon because of your desire to cut; lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy

A snippet of Freud….

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho4PzRp3Fwk

Additional…• In small groups, discuss….

• How could this theory be applied to therapy?

• What areas of Health and Social care could this approach be applied to? Why?

Today…All of you should have…

• Contributed at least 1 of your own perceptions of Freud to class discussion

• Developed own interpreation of their psyche• Contributed to class discussion on psychosexual stages of

development• Identified at least 5 important elements of the Little Hans case

study• Explained own interpreation of what the unconscious mind

consists of• Applied theories to the real world / today's society

Some of you may have…• Lead discussion • Started to consider how theory could influence development of

therapy