Unit 10Talking hypothetically about the past

Idiomatic expressionsTag questions.

Before you begin p97.

• What are some ways that people become famous?

• What do you think is the best or worst thing about being famous?

• Would you have liked being famous or infamous?

• Could you have dealt with the paparazzi or other social media scrutiny?

Rise to fame1A. Would you enter a talent contest? For what?

Read the article. Read the comments. In Anne’s comments find the first if clause and underline the verbs.

What are they?What verb form are they?Did Russell quit his job and get a manager?Now find the verb phrase.What is it?What kind of verb phrase is this?Does Russell have a singing career?

Form and use

• Sometimes we look at events or situations in the past and talk about how things could have been different.

• Imagine that Russell didn’t quit his job after he won the contest.

If Russell hadn’t quit his job and gotten a manager, he might not have had a singing career.

IF CLAUSE

Result

If + past perfect

• Indicates that you are talking about the past. When you give a result for a hypothetical situation in the past you, use a past modal.

• Underline a sentence in Dennis and Stephanie’s comments. What are the modals?

• Do 1D.

Answers

1. Would have2. hadn’t3. Wouldn’t have4. Would have

“I wonder”“What would have happened … “

If I hadn’t met my best friend … If I had moved to a different country …If I hadn’t continued school … If I hadn’t studied English … If I had married after high school … If I had been ________ …

Grammar Focus• The lesson teaches Ss how to use conditional sentences with if clauses ( with verbs in the past

perfect ) and past modals in the main clause to talk hypothetically about the past. It reviews the past modal structures taught in Unit 8, Lessons A and B.

Form• - if + subject + past perfect form, subject + past modal form • Note : The if clause, the main clause, or both clauses can be affirmative or negative.• If he had stayed in school, his life would have been different • If he had stayed in school, he might not have had a singing career.• If he hadn’t won the contest, he probably would have kept his job.• If he hadn’t won the contest, he might not have had the confidence to become a singer.Use• The conditional sentences above are used to talk about hypothetical events and situations in the

past, that is, things that did not happen. They describe how things might have been different in different circumstances.

• - The if clause describes the hypothetical conditions or circumstances.• If Watson had stayed in school, (= He didn’t stay in school, but imagine this was true.• - The past modal structures describe the possible consequences of the imagined conditions.)• …his life would have been different. (= I’m sure about this.)• …his life might have been different. (= I’m less than 100 percent sure, but it’s a possibility.)• …his life could have been different. (= This was a possible outcome.)

Answers1. If Rebecca’s mother hadn’t paid the record company

they wouldn’t have produced the video, and they wouldn’t have uploaded it.

2. If the record company hadn’t uploaded the video, millions of people wouldn’t have watched it, and Rebecca might not have become a vial star.

3. What would have happened if the song had gotten good reviews? Would Black have become famous if more people had liked the song? It’s hard to tell, but it might have received less media attention.

4. If Black hadn’t had all the bad publicity, her music career might not have taken off. She might have missed out if she had listened to all the critics.

Watershed moment• How would your life have been different if that

hadn’t happened?

Think of a watershed (milestone, boiling point, breaking point, crunch time, juncture) moment in your life …

If I hadn’t decided to look for teaching jobs in Korea, I might have started a business in Australia.

Lesson B

You get discovered by someone.You’re just in the right place at the

right time.You have connections.Your career takes off.You make headlines.You’re in the headlines a lot.You’re and up and coming star.Your career goes downhill.You get bad press.You drop out of sight.

Use the same expressions to talk about a scenario:-1. Past relationship2. Job

Have you ever been in the right place at the right time?Do you have any connections to influential or famous people? (7 degrees of separation)Do you see yourself as an up and coming English speaker?Have you ever had bad press from your friends?Do you like dropping out of sight when you feel tired etc?What would you like to see take off (success) in your life?

Tags

Form• Tags presented in this lesson consist of be or an auxiliary verb + (not)

+ pronoun.• -Affirmative statement + negative tagI’m out of touch, aren’t I?It’s amazing, isn’t it?She won the talent show, didn’t she?That was a dumb thing to do, wasn’t it?He’s dropped out of sight, hasn’t he?• -Negative statement + affirmative tagI’m not really in touch, am I?It’s not easy to become famous, is it?She didn’t have connections, did she?That wasn’t too smart, was it?His career hasn’t taken off, has it?

Tags (cont’d)• -Use an affirmative tag after a statement with a negative word.It’s never easy, is it?There are no easy answers, are there?• Pronoun in tags• When some pronouns are the subject of the main clause, the pronoun of the

tag question may change/ Here are some examples.This / that -> ItThat’s good, isn’t it?These / Those -> TheyThese are the winners, aren’t they?something / nothing / everything.etc. -> itNothing’s that easy, is it?Everyone / someone/ nobody.etc. -> theyEveryone knows her, don’t they?BUT there + be -> therethere’s no problem, is there?

Last Tag

• -The responses to tag questions are covered in the chart. To agree to or confirm a negative statement with an affirmative tag, the answer is negative.

• She didn’t have connections, did she?• No, she didn’t (= I confirm that : she didn’t

have connections.)

Answers

1. Lana’s a singer, isn’t she?2. She won a talent show, didn’t she?3. Java Thomas wasn’t too smart, was he?4. His career hasn’t taken off, has it?

Answers1.i. Haven’t you?ii. Doesn’t he?iii. Are they?iv. Aren’t they?v. Haven’t they?vi. Don’t they?2.vii. Wasn’t it?viii. Didn’t she?ix. Wasn’t she?x. Was she?xi. Haven’t you?xii. Isn’t it?

Have ?

I have a girlfriend, ____ ?

I have had a great time, ____ ? She has been to Europe, ____ ?I have gotten drunk a lot lately, ____ ?

Conversation

I’m smart, ___ ?I’m not interested in the news, ___ ?

My life sux,____ ?My life is terrible, ____ ?

You can swim, __ ?You have a sister, ____ ?You can’t play the piano, ___ ?You should exercise more, ___ ?You haven’t had a boyfriend, ___ ?You shouldn’t drink so much, ___ ?Hip-hop is good, ____ ?That (show) was funny, _______ ?This is not interesting, _________?

Your father works, ____ ?Damian looks ugly today, ____ ?You don’t like ice-cream, ___ ?The vacation is coming, ____ ?Time flies, ______ ?Prof’s are smart but bad teachers, ___ ?Your mother doesn’t cook well, ___ ?Chocolate biscuits are tasty, ___ ?I want to get out of here, ___ ?