Unit 1 Business Model 16-12-09

8/9/2019 Unit 1 Business Model 16-12-09

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Management Information Systems

Unit1. Introduction to Information SystemsBusiness Model or Business Information System

16-12-2009

A Sanjeev raj


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Unit 1: Introduction to IS

Information System.

Establishing the Framework.

Business Model. Architecture.

Evolution.


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Today we are going to discuss about..

Business Information System.

Data, Information, etc

Characteristics of useful Information. Why study IS.


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Data, Information,

and Systems Data vs. Information

Data

A given, or fact: a number, a statement, or a

picture

The raw materials in the production of information

Information Data that have meaning within a context

Raw data or data that have been manipulated


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Information Systems

Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment and

enlightenment

Businesses - Decision making and problem

solving

Gathering

Storing

Manipulating


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Data, Information,

and Systems Generating Information

Computer-based ISs take data as raw material,

process it, and produce information as output.


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Data, Information, &

Systems Characteristics of useful information


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Data, Information,

and Systems What Is a System?

System: A set of components that work together to

achieve a common goal Subsystem: One part of a system where the

products of more than one system are combined to

reach an ultimate goal

Closed system: Stand-alone system that has nocontact with other systems

Open system: System that interfaces with other

systems


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Data, Information,

and Systems


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Data, Information, and

Systems

Farmington High School is one subsystem within the Farmington school

system.


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Data, Information,

and Systems Information and Managers

Systems thinking Creates a framework for problem solving and

decision making.

Keeps managers focused on overall goals

and operations of business.


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Data, Information,

and Systems The Benefits of Human-Computer

Synergy

Synergy When combined resources produce output that

exceeds the sum of the outputs of the sameresources employed separately

Allows human thought to be translated intoefficient processing of large amounts ofdata.


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Data, Information,

and Systems

Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy


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Data, Information,

and Systems In an organization, an information systems

consists of: Data

Hardware

Software

People

Procedures


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Data, Information,

and Systems The Four Stages of Data Processing

Input: Data are collected and entered into

computer.

Data processing: Data are manipulated into

information using mathematical, statistical, and

other tools.

Output: Information is displayed or presented.

Storage: Data and information are maintained forlater use.


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Data, Information,

and Systems Computer Equipment for Information

System Input devices introduce data into the IS.

The computer processes data through the IS.

Output devices display information.

Storage devices store data and information.


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Data, Information,

and Systems

Figure 1.7 Input-process-output-storage devices


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ISs From Recording Transactions

to Providing Expertise

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS):

Record data and perform basic processing Cash registers and ATMs

Management Information Systems (MIS):

Use recorded transactions and other data toproduce information for problem solving and

decision making.


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to Providing Expertise Types of MISs:

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Contain models, or formulas, thatmanipulate data into information

Often answer what if? questions

Group Decision Support Systems

(GDSS) help groups generate ideas,establish priorities, and reach decisions


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Executive Information Systems (EIS)

Can gather information from vast amounts ofdata for high-level executives

Highly useful in control and planning

Expert Systems (ES)

Programmed with human expertise

Can help solve problems of unstructured nature


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Geographic Information Systems (GISS)

Represents local conditions or features Allows planning, decision-making, and

monitoring of local conditions or activities

On-demand Output

Managers can obtain reports tailored to theirneeds at any time


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Information Systems

in Business ISs in Functional Business Areas Accounting

Record business transactions, produce periodic

financial statements, and create reportsrequired by law

Finance

Organize budgets, manage the flow of cash,analyze investments, and make decisions thatcould reduce interest payments and increaserevenues


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Information Systems

in Business Retail Some retail stores (e.g., Wal-Mart, Kmart) are

now linked to communication networks bysatellite.

Management can determine which items movequickly and which do not.

New Businesses

ISs have made new products and servicespossible, such as credit reports and shipmenttracking.


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Shared Data Resources

Most effective way to operate: different

systems share same data from same pool

Companys database: one of the mostpowerful resources

Categorized and structured data can be

manipulated to produce useful information


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Figure 1.8 Computer-based databases are an important resource for any

organization


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Figure 1.9 Generalized concept of organization information systems


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E-Commerce

E-Commerce

Business-to-business and business-to-

consumer transactions take place inelectronic form via computer networks.

Database management online makes

information cheaper to distribute.

E-commerce is now synonymous with

doing business on the Internet.


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Why Study IS?

Knowledge Workers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who

know how to use information technology.

Degrees in IS

Computer Science and Management InformationSystems

Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource

planning (ERP), database administrator,telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.


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Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

Consumer Privacy

Organizations collect (and sometimes

sell) huge amounts of data on

individuals.

Employee Privacy

IT supports remote monitoring of

employees, violating privacy andcreating stress.


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Overview

Data

A given, or fact: a number, a statement, or a

picture

Information Data that have meaning within a context

- Four Stages of Data Processing:

Input, Process, Storage, Output.


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Thank You

Documents

Unit 1 Business Model 16-12-09