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UNIMARC, RDA and the Semantic Web
Gordon DunsirePresented at Les Journées ABES
26-27 May 2010, Montpellier, France
(Originally presented at WLIC 2009, Milan, Italy)
UNIMARC
A carrier format intended for the exchange of bibliographic metadata between the systems used by national agencies
GoalsMaintain and develop in alignment with other
MARC formats and new bibliographic standards.Enhance portability of data to the Web
environment and interoperability with other standards.
Improve availability of documentation.Promotion, dissemination, user support.
UNIMARC – ISBD - FRBR
UNIMARC is aligned with International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)Specifies data elements and their display
ISBD is aligned with Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)User-focused model for bibliographic data
All 3 standards maintained by IFLA groupsUNIMARC ISBD FRBR
RDA: resource description and access
New metadata standard for describing the content of information resources
Designed for the digital environmentBuilt on 100+ years of experience in developing
the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR)
Intended for international useFocus on library collections, but seeks
compatibility with metadata in related communitiesE.g. Archives, museums, and publishers
RDA – FRBR - FRAD
RDA aligned with FRBRRDA attributes grouped by FRBR entities
RDA also aligned with Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)Also maintained by IFLA
FRBR aligned with FRADPart of the “Functional Requirements” family
RDA FRBR FRAD
RDA - ISBD
RDA is not designed for any specific metadata carrier format
But mappings developed from RDA elements to ISBD and MARC21 formats to maximise integration with existing data
RDA ISBD
RDA MARC21
Material designation
ISBD and AACR use the device of a general material designation (GMD)Early warning to catalogue users of how resource
content is to be accessed and usedThrough a particular human sense (sight, hearing, etc.)With a specific intermediation device (computer,
magnifier, etc.)
GMDs do not clearly separate content mediation (e.g. Sight) from carrier mediation (e.g. Magnifier)
ISBD area 0
New area covering content form and media typeSeparates content type (form) from carrier
(media) type
RDA has also developed separate content and carrier categoriesPartial alignment between ISBD and RDA
categoriesSome are exact matches
Framework underlying RDA categories can be applied to ISBD to improve alignment
RDA/ONIX framework
An ontology developed by RDA and the publishing community to improve metadata interoperability
Set of low-level attributes combined to form high-level content and carrier types for RDA
E.g. RDA content type “spoken word”Category attributes
Character: LanguageSensoryMode: HearingImageDimensionality: not applicableImageMovement: not applicable
Vocabulary Mapping Framework (VMF)
Project to extend the RDA/ONIX frameworkJune-November 2009
Extension covers roles and relationships between bibliographic entities and agentsE.g. Manifestation:hasManufacturer:PublisherE.g. WorkA:isDerivedFrom:WorkB
Framework extended to cover other standardsCIDOC Content Reference Model (CRM), Dublin
Core (DC), FRBR, IEEE-Learning Object Metadata (LOM), MARC21
VMF
RDA VMF(RDA/ONIX+)
MARC21CRM
LOM
ONIX
FRBR
Alignments
Alignments are not exact (one-to-one)Mappings may be fuzzy, partial or out-of-dateSome are latent within underlying schemas
E.g. RDA/ONIX framework
Development of one standard may not be synchronised with aligned standardsStandards independently maintainedAligned standards may be subsequently re-
examined and developed
Alignment drift may be amplified in a chain of mappings
The (partial) chain
RDA
VMF(RDA/ONIX+)
ONIX
CRM LOM
FRBRUNIMARC ISBD
FRAD
MARC21
From UNIMARC to RDA and back again
UNIMARC ISBD RDA
UNIMARC ISBD FRBR RDA
RDA MARC21 UNIMARC
• 2001 mapping between UNIMARC and MARC21
• Time to review alignments?
Importance of (mis-)alignment
Impact on national cataloguing rulesE.g. Italian rules
New rules - FRBR?Current rules - UNIMARC
But FRBR - RDA - ISBD - UNIMARCSignificant impact on new rules?
Semantic WebLinked-data depends on (semantic) alignments
(Semantic) web
1997 mapping from UNIMARC to Dublin Core
UNIMARCXML also available
DCMI RDA Task Group is expressing RDA vocabularies for attributes and values in Semantic Web formats
VMF project intends to do the sameSimilar initiatives elsewhere
FRBR namespaces, LCSH, etc.
UNIMARC DC
To the future
Semantic Web allows “mash-up” of metadata from different sources using different standardsPublication statement from publisher; subject
from author; summary from user; ? from cataloguer
Applying FRBR will help
Multi-lingual sources easier to interoperate“gesprochene Worte” has same identifier as
“spoken word”
Time to review UNIMARC and the Web?
Thank you