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© UNICEF/UN0321664/
UNICEF’s Social Protection
Programme Framework
Outline
1.Overview
2.UNICEF’s Approach to Social Protection
3.Elements of a child-sensitive social protection system
4.UNICEF's key action areas in building child sensitive
social protection systems
Overview
• Child poverty is shockingly high, and risks to children are growing
• Social protection has broad and deep impacts, but coverage remains far too low
• The new framework aims to help UNICEF and partners work effectively to expand coverage
• Globally, 385 million children, or 1 in 5
are still struggling to survive on less than
PPP $1.90. More than 1 billion children
are living on below $3.10
• For children poverty is about much more
than income, and 663 million children are
estimated to be living in
multidimensionally poor households
• Children are significantly overrepresented
in poverty, with devastating impacts on
children themselves and societies more
broadly.
The state of child poverty and key global trends
The state of child poverty and key global trends
Global trends are bringing growing challenges
Climate breakdown Demographic shifts
Social protection must be designed to respond to key ‘macro’ trends that are having, and will continue to
have, profound impacts on children and families
Global trends are bringing growing challenges
Conflict and forced displacement Urbanization
The impacts of social protection on children’s lives
Social protection is designed to address chronic poverty and respond to shocks.
Evidence shows the significant impacts across sectors.
Social protection is a standalone target under SDG1, as well as accelerator towards achieving all SDGs.
Gaps in social protection coverage for children and families
2 out of 3 children are not covered by social protection across countries, and the coverage is lowest where child poverty is highest.
Social protection financing
On average, countries spend 1.1% of their GDP on child benefits, but more and better financing is needed to ensure coverage, access and quality.
UNICEF’s strengths in social protection
• Extensive on the ground experience and presence
• Holistic (and multisectoral) focus on children
• Support to integrated systems beyond a child focus
• A trusted partner
• Bridging the humanitarian and development gap
• Conceptual framework for
child-sensitive social
protection
• Impacts of social protection
• The elements of a child
sensitive social protection
system
• UNICEFs 10 Action areas
UNICEF’s new Social Protection Programme Framework and Companion GuidanceThe Social Protection Framework
• Detailed activities, tools
and resources for each
of UNICEF’s 10 Action
areas
• Country examples by
Action Area
The Companion Guidance
What continues from the original framework:
• Focus on child poverty and vulnerability
• Based on the principles of government leadership,
human rights and progressive realization of universal
coverage through integrated systems
What’s new in this framework?
What's new:
• Updated conceptual framework and shared definition• Comprehensive breakdown of a child sensitive social
protection system; • Integration of shock responsive social protection• UNICEF's 10 key action areas of work• Collection of tools and resources by action area.
2012 Framework 2019 Framework
UNICEF’s approach to social protection
• Our principles
• A shared definition
• The conceptual framework
Four principles that guide UNICEF’s approach to social protection
1. The best interests of the child 2. Progressive realization of
universal coverage 3. National systems and leadership 4. Inclusive social protection
© UNICEF/UN0309454/Tadesse
Inter-agency definition of social protection.
Social protection is “a set of policies and programs aimed at
preventing or protecting all people against poverty, vulnerability
and social exclusion throughout their lifecycle, with a particular
emphasis towards vulnerable groups.
• Economic vulnerability: About 45 per cent of all children –or 1 billion – are living in households subsisting on less than $3.10 a day.
• Social vulnerability: Children and families can also face social vulnerabilities due to how personal characteristics ranging from age to gender to disability status interact with social dynamics and discrimination.
Social protection: addressing economic and social vulnerability
Child-sensitive social protection systems must be designed to address child poverty and deprivation and with a special focus on those that are economically and socially vulnerable
The conceptual foundations of UNICEF’s approach to social protection
The elements of a child-sensitive social protection system
• What does a child sensitive social protection system look like?
• Social protection across the life course
• Social protection from a child’s perspective
The elements of an integrated child sensitive social protection systems
Life course approach to social protection
What child-sensitive social protection system should offer every child?
Every child should:1. Live in a household with sufficient
financial resources to develop and fulfil their potential
2. Have access to quality basic services and the knowledge needed for development, regardless of income or personal characteristics
3. Have direct contact with a social or outreach worker when needed, who can help support the responses they need
UNICEF’s key action areas in building child-sensitive social protection systems
• UNICEF’s 10 areas of contribution with partners in supporting child sensitive social protection system
• Some caveats!
• Our strategic plan commitments and indicators
UNICEF’s 10 Action Areasin supporting national social protection systems
Action areas 1,2
Action areas
3,4,5,6,7
Action areas 8,9,10
Caveats on UNICEF’s engagement on social protection
1. A suggestion, not a prescription2. It’s not all or nothing. 3. Different areas of work are at different stages of maturity. 4. Social protection, and who works on it, can have blurry
edges.
Annexes
• Social protection approaches of UN agencies, international financial institutions, development and civil-society partners
• UNICEF’s Strategic Plan goals and indicators for social protection
• Glossary
The Social Protection Framework
Companion guidance
• UNICEF’s action areas in supporting child-sensitive social protection systems
• Activities and examples by action area• Tools and resources by key action area• Social protection and the sectors• Conditionality in cash transfers: UNICEF’s approach• Integrating gender into social protection programming: an
emerging approach• M&E framework for UNICEF’s work on social protection and
organizational leads
UNICEF's commitments on Social Protection
Selected strategic plan indicators (2018-2021):
• 90 countries with nationally owned monetary child poverty measures (from 47 in 2016);
• 32 countries where policies and programme are responding to child poverty (from 16 in 2016)
• 56 countries with moderately strong or strong social protection systems (from 28 in 2016)
• 30 countries with national cash transfers programmes that are ready to respond to crisis (from 8 in 2016)
Communication products
• Web page• The framework and the companion guide• Executive summaries: EN, FR, ES, AR, RU• Slide deck (can be downloaded and
edited)• Social media pack with suggested
messages and cards• Infographics• ED’s video• Blog post• Explainer article: 5 things you should
know on social protection for children
Social protection is the right of every child.
We have the tools and resources to build, strengthen and expand social protection for children – together we can provide every child with coverage and give every child an equal chance.
Towards coverage for every child
Email: David Stewart [email protected]; Atif Khurshid [email protected]: twitter.com/UNICEFSocPolicy
UNICEF Social Policy
© UNICEF/UN0298796/Ramasomanana
Extra slides
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 1: Child poverty analysis, impact evaluation and systems assessments
Example: Child poverty analysis and the national cash transfer programme in Georgia
© UNICEF Georgia/2016/Khetaguri
• In 2015, Georgia introduced a child benefit scheme• The advocacy efforts were supported by child
poverty analysis, impact evaluations, and simulation of various policy options
• Regular monitoring and in depth assessments for performance improvement led to five-fold increase in the benefit amount, covering over 130,000 children
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 2: Policy and strategy development, coordination and financing
Example: Micro-simulation to demonstrate universal child benefit (UCB) cost-efficiency and impact on poverty in Tunisia
• UNICEF has been supporting the Tunisian government to establish social protection floor (SPF) with a child focus
• Together with partners, UNICEF assessed the feasibility of introducing Universal Child Benefits (UCB) through conducting microsimulations, cost effectiveness, benefit incidence and fiscal feasibility analysis.
• The study found UCB to be both more progressive and efficient than fuel subsidies, providing an evidence based solution to the government.
© UNICEF/UN0212849/Noorani
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 3: Expanding and improving cash transfers for children
Example: Engaging in budget frameworks to expand cash transfers in Zambia
© UNICEF/UN0236708/Schermbrucker
• Zambia’s social cash transfer scheme covers 8% of the population, reaching ~240K households
• UNICEF engaged in advocacy for increased budget allocation for the programme, developing caseload and budget projections, conducting high level consultations, and launching budget briefs and impact evaluations
• As a result of these efforts, the allocated annual budget for the scheme increased from US$30.2 million in 2016 to US$55.2 million in 2017.
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 4: Connecting cash transfers to information, knowledge and services
Example: Cash plus (integrated social protection) model on adolescent transitions in Tanzania
© UNICEF/UN0236708/Schermbrucker
• In Tanzania, more than 17.5 million people are youth ages 15-34 – a number that’s expected to double by 2035
• To support adolescent development, and address poverty related risks youth face including lack of livelihood opportunities, UNICEF helped expand the Productive Social Safety Net Programme with adolescent targeted interventions
• The additional package to the cash transfer scheme includes training on business and entrepreneurship
© UNICEF Tanzania
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 5: Expanding and improving health insurance
Example: Expansion of non-contributory health insurance for poor households in Mali
© UNICEF/UN0342204/Keïta
• In Mali, only 23% of children under 5 are taken to a healthcare provider when sick with pneumonia
• To address this gap in healthcare access, UNICEF became the first partner to support the Régime d’AssistanceMédicale (RAMED)– a non contributory health insurance programme
• Besides technical, coordination and logistical support for the government, UNICEF helped develop a single registry system to strengthen integration of RAMED with other social protection programmes
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 6: Supporting childcare and adolescent employability
Example: Quality informal apprenticeships for vulnerable out-of-school adolescents in Bangladesh
© UNICEF/UN044288/Sujan
• More than half of 31 million Bangladeshi youth are employed in vulnerable jobs, and over one million are unemployed
• UNICEF has partnered with BRAC to improve adolescent transition to work, providing apprenticeship trainings and other support
• Over 95% of the participants became employed after graduation, increasing their income six fold compared to non participant peers. Early marriage decreased by 62% among female learners.
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 7: Strengthening the social welfare workforce and direct outreach to families
Example: a case-management approach to address multidimensional poverty in The State of Palestine
© UNICEF State of Palestine
• Poverty affects around 29% of the population in the State of Palestine (SoP), particularly in Gaza
• UNICEF and WFP supported the government to design a new six-year Social Development Sector Strategy –including the introduction of case management system
• Under the system, a case worker assesses and identifies the need of poor and vulnerable families, to customize the care and support to the household, with the ultimate aim to improve access, quality and coverage of social protection
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 8: Strengthening integrated administrative systems
Example: Developing a Management Information System (MIS) for the government cash transfer programme in Iraq
• In Iraq, around 22.5% of the population live in poverty, while 11 million were in need of humanitarian assistance.
• To reach prospective beneficiaries, UNICEF and World Bank, together with the government, introduced a case identification and referral approach as part of a pilot cash transfer programme
• A central piece of this approach was the MIS, that brought beneficiaries, social workers and health care providers together through a user-friendly platform to follow up and identify cases that need additional support.
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 9: Building and strengthening national shock-responsive social protection systems
Example: Establishing a shock-responsive social protection system in Malawi
© UNICEF/UN0148920/Chagara
• In Malawi, over 50% of the population live in poverty, and the country faces seasonal dry spells that threatens livelihood of the most vulnerable
• To strengthen shock responsiveness of the social protection system, UNICEF supported the government to expand Social Cash Transfer Programme (SCTP) in response to crisis
• In 2018, SCTP was expanded to reach over 16,000 individuals (including 9,000 children) living in drought-affected areas through emergency cash top-ups
UNICEF’s activities and examples by action area
Action area 10: Linking humanitarian cash transfers to social protection systems
Example: Delivering a multi-purpose child grant through the Public Assistance Programme in Dominica
• As part of the Hurricane Maria response, UNICEF and WFP partnered with the Government to design a humanitarian cash transfer (HCT) programme
• Using the existing social protection system platform, an unconditional cash transfer was delivered to almost 25,000 people (of which 6000 are children)
• The programme was scaled up both horizontally and vertically:reaching out to crisis-affected population who were not registered in the system and providing additional assistance to the existing beneficiaries.
© UNICEF/UN0156188/Moreno Gonzalez
Social protection has significant potential to contribute to tackling gender inequality – a prerequisite for sustainable and equitable poverty reduction for all, including children. UNICEF, together with partners, works to contribute to gender-responsive social protection at different stages of the life course with two clear objectives:
Through supporting cash transfer, child benefit programmes and improved access to quality social services
Through supporting access to maternal and paternal benefits, child care services, and increasing information and knowledge on gender inequity issues
Reducing gender disparities in human capital development
Enhancing opportunities for women’s economic participation
UNICEF’s approach: Gender and social protection
Integrated approaches to social protection also enable and strengthen links to a range of other services that can address gender inequality – for example, connections with the social welfare workforce can extend support services to protect women from violence.
Effective and inclusive social protection is crucial in addressing various challenges faced by children with disabilities, including financial barriers.
A twin track approach must be employed to address these risks, inequalities and obstacles:• Ensure inclusion throughout the design,
implementation and monitoring of social protection programmes
• Develop disability-specific programmes
Furthermore, all social protection programming should include the following considerations:
1. Non-discrimination and accessibility. 2. Respect for dignity and personal
autonomy3. Full and effective participation and
inclusion. 4. Consultation and involvement of
persons with disabilities. 5. Attitudes and awareness. 6. Adequacy of benefits and support. 7. Eligibility criteria and disability
assessments. 8. Monitoring and evaluation.
UNICEF’s approach: Disability and social protection
UNICEF’s approach: Conditionality in cash transfers
UNICEF does not actively promote the use of conditions in its support to governments developing or reforming cash transfer programmes, in light of human rights and operational concerns and insufficient evidence of the added value of conditionalities. UNICEF’s application of this approach is context specific and is led by national priorities.
To address non-income related barriers and constraints to realizing children’s rights, UNICEF promotes and supports:• Clear, accessible communication of programme objectives, operations and participants’
rights, to participants, communities and the general public.• Design and implementation of accompanying training and information, for example on
nutritional information or early childhood development.• Strengthening linkages between cash transfers and social services, and the required supply
response.• Strengthening provision of social support services, including referrals to other social services
and programmes.
For UNICEF, support to delivery is currently the principle area of engagement with the private sector on social protection.
UNICEF’s approach: Social protection and theprivate sector
Provision of social protection is primarily the responsibility of the state and a foundation of the social contract. However, private sector and enterprises have an important role to play in the development of comprehensive, child-sensitive social protection systems:
• As service providers supporting the delivery of national social protection programmes ⁻ By developing payment mechanisms, management information systems and
biometrics for cash transfer programme,among others• As contributors to social protection as employers and as part of supply chains
⁻ For example, by ensuring full compliance with national labor and social security legislation
• Social protection also benefits business. Strong social protection systems provide a conducive environment for the private sector to thrive, ranging from boosting the local economy to supporting social and political stability.
Social protection can play an important role in addressing poverty – a key driver of child labour. While designing social protection programmes to address child labour, the following key considerations should be kept in mind:
Ensure that social protection measures are ‘child-sensitive to child labour’
– addressing the unique social disadvantages, risks and vulnerabilities children may be born into or acquire later in childhood due to external
circumstances.
Develop tools and mechanisms for social protection systems to identify child protection cases
particularly child labour concerns which may require specialized support.
Develop further evidence and research on which social protection instruments help address child labour
and how this varies by context.
Link social protection programmes to support
and promote birth registration and proper identification of household members.
Use evidence on child poverty and child labour
(overlapping deprivation analysis) and analysis of key risks factors of child labour to help design social protection programmes.
Adopt an integrated approach to social protection
by providing income security, access to healthcare through health insurance and by removing financial barriers to education.
UNICEF’s approach: Child labor and social protection