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UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Ocean Biological Ocean Biological PropertiesProperties
Ru MorrisonRu Morrison
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Why?Why?
• Spectral ResolutionSpectral Resolution– Hyperspectral - Improved constituent Hyperspectral - Improved constituent
algorithmsalgorithms
• Temporal and Spatial ResolutionTemporal and Spatial Resolution– Cloud avoidanceCloud avoidance– Coastal Oceanographic forcingsCoastal Oceanographic forcings– Biological phenomena / diel variabilityBiological phenomena / diel variability
"What biological science questions can we address with geostationary hyperspectral imager?"
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Time and SpaceTime and Space
GEO-CAPE
From Dickey, 1991 Reviews of Geophysics
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Top of the Atmosphere Reflectance
Remote Sensing Reflectance
Inherent Optical Properties
Phytoplankton Non-algal ParticlesCDOM
Atmosphere
Source,photobleaching
Species (photoadaptation)photoacclimation
Composition (size)
AtmosphericCorrection
IOP models
ReflectanceModel
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Reflectance AlgorithmsReflectance Algorithms
O‘Reilly, J. E. and others 2000. Ocean color chlorophyll a algorithms for SeaWiFS, OC2, and OC4: Version 4, p. 9-27. SeaWiFS postlaunch calibration and validation analyses, Part 3. SeaWIFS post launch technical report
series. NASA.
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
[Chl] with standard algorithma(442) after removal of bottom effects with a “hyper”-spectral sensor
[m-1][mg m-3]
HyperspectralHyperspectral‘True’ water column optical properties‘True’ water column optical properties
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
MERIS FR data, Dec. 14, 2004Bathymetry of Bahamas derived from MERIS Rrs(λ) with HOPE
Data from ZhongPing Lee, MS State
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Hyperspectral – Phytoplankon Hyperspectral – Phytoplankon functional groupsfunctional groups
Data from Steve Lohrenz, USM
Karenia brevisGulf of Mexico
Lee et al. (2002) Applied Optics, 41(27), 5755-5772Millie et al. (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1240-1251
Remote Sensing Reflectance
HAB Abundance
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Coastal Oceanographic ForcingsCoastal Oceanographic Forcings
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
AVPPO DeploymentsAVPPO Deployments
Dec2000
Oct2001
USCG MP
72.0 W 71.5
W
Sea Surface Temperature
2 4 6 8 10
FRONT site
F01
F02
F03
F05
F06F07
F10
F12
F13
F14F15
F16F17
F18F19
F22
F23
F24
F25
F26
F27
F28
F29
F30
F31
F32
F33
71.0 W 70.5
W 70.0
W
41.5 N
42.0 N
42.5 N
Sea Surface Temperature
2 4 6 8 10
Massachusetts Bay
Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Tidal FrontsTidal Fronts
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Ullman, D. S., and P. C. Cornillon. 1999. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature fronts on the continental shelf off the northeast U.S. coast. Journal of Geophysical Research 104: 23459-23478.
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Episodic EventsEpisodic Events
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Internal wavesInternal waves
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Jack
son
, JO
UR
NA
L O
F G
EO
PH
YS
ICA
L R
ES
EA
RC
H,
VO
L. 1
12,
C11
012
, do
i:10.
102
9/20
07JC
0042
20,
2007
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Internal WavesInternal Waves
Jackson, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112, C11012, doi:10.1029/2007JC004220, 2007
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Diel variabilityDiel variability
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Diel cycleDiel cycle
• Mean properties Mean properties for top 20 mfor top 20 m
• Diel variationDiel variation• EitherEither
– Division towards Division towards the end of daythe end of day
– Changes in Changes in accessory pigment accessory pigment concentrationsconcentrations
– Or combination of Or combination of bothboth
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
(A)
a ph(4
40)
(m-1
)
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 3281.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7(B)
a ph(4
40)/
ap
h(6
75)
(m-1
)
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 3281.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3(C)
b nw
(440
)/b
nw
(675
) (m
-1)
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 32825
30
35
40
45(D)
a dm
(440
)/a
dm
(675
) (m
-1)
Yearday
Phytoplankton Biomass
Phytoplankton peak ratio
Scattering ratio
Non-algal absorption ratio
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Diel cycleDiel cycle
310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
Yearday
a ph(4
40
)/a
ph(6
75
)
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 3281.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.5
1.51
1.52
1.53
ap
h(44
0)/
a ph(6
75
)
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Phytoplankton fluorescencePhytoplankton fluorescence
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Phytoplankton PhysiologyPhytoplankton Physiology
MODIS Aqua observations
2006
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Phytoplankton PhysiologyPhytoplankton Physiology
MODIS Aqua observations
2006
UNH Coastal Observing CenterUNH Coastal Observing CenterNASA GEO-CAPE workshopAugust 19, 2008
Why?Why?
• Spectral ResolutionSpectral Resolution– Hyperspectral - Improved constituent Hyperspectral - Improved constituent
algorithmsalgorithms
• Temporal and Spatial ResolutionTemporal and Spatial Resolution– Cloud avoidanceCloud avoidance– Coastal Oceanographic forcingsCoastal Oceanographic forcings– Biological phenomena / diel variabilityBiological phenomena / diel variability
"What biological science questions can we address with geostationary hyperspectral imager?"