NHM 7.2
NHM 7.2KNH CHO C V CC BNNG DNG CNG NGH SINH HC SN XUT NHA PHN HY
SINH HC BIOPLASTICNgnh nha hin nayNi dungGii thiuCng ngh sn xut
bioplasticTi liu tham khoKt lunTng quan v bioplasticI. GII THIU
3II. TNG QUAN NGHNH NHA Nha: nhng vt liu c th c c. C ngun gc t
ting Hi Lp plastikos c ngha l c th c c.
II. TNG QUAN NGHNH NHA Nha PE ( polyehtylene)Thng dng lm ti xch,
thng can c th tch t 1-20L vi cc sy khc nhau hoc sn xut np chai. Nha
PET (PETE_ Polyethyene terephthalate)Dng lm chai, l do c tnh chng
thm cao
Nha HDPE (High density polyethylene)HDPE thng s dng trong sn xut
chai nha, ng ng chng n mn, mng chng thm, thng s dng lm bnh ng sa
cho tr em, chai ng sa, chai ng nc tra cy, bnh cha nc ty ra, du gi,
nc ra chn, sa tm,
II. TNG QUAN NGHNH NHA Nha PVC (Polyvinylchoride)Sn phm PVC trc
y (1920 tr i) c s dng vi s lng ln, nhng ngy nay b PE vt qua. Hin
nay, PVC phn ln dng bao bc dy cp in, lm ng thot nc, o ma, mng nha
gia dng, chi
Nha LDPE (low_density polyehtylene)c s dng lm cc loi bao b, ti
nha, ti ng hng, giy gi thc phm,
Nha PP ( Polypropylene)c dung lm hp sa chua, l ng thuc, chai ng
nc xiro, tng t, ng ht,
II. TNG QUAN NGHNH NHA Nha PS (Polysturene)Nha PS hay cn gi l
xp, thng c s dng trong khu chn lt, ng gi bao b, cch in, ngoi ra PS
cn c dng lm cc loi a, t ng m n lin, ly dng mt ln.
Nha PC (Polycarbonat): vi kh nng chu nhit cao nn PC c dng lm
bnh, chai, np cha thc phm cn tit trng
II. TNG QUAN NGHNH NHA Ti M: 34 triu tn rc nha c thi ra mi nm v
ch c t hn 7% trong s c ti chTi Vit Nam: trung bnh mt ngi mt nm s
dng t nht kg cc sn phm c ngun gc t nha. T nm 2005 n nay, con s ny l
35kg/ngi/nm. Nm 2000, trung bnh mt ngi Vit Nam x khong 800 tn rc
nha ra mi trng, n nay con s l 2500 tn/ngy v c th cn hn
III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTICLch sNhng th dn Chu M to c nhng chic
mung, na t sng ng vt trc khi ngi Chu u tm ra Chu M.Th k 19, s pht
trin ca bioplastic tht s ph bin:
Th k 20 III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTIC
III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTIC
Nha bioplastic v nha truyn thng- Tnh tin dng: chng thm, co gin,
in n ng u d dng.Qu trnh phn hyNha truyn thng:
III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTIC
III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTICNha truyn thng:
III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTICNha bioplastic v ti giyEPA ch ra rng
sn xut ti nilon i hi t nng lng hn so vi 40% sn xut ti giy, v rng sn
xut ti giy to ra nhim khng kh nhiu hn 70% v nhim nc 50%. Ti nha cng
l s la chn xanh hn: 1000 ti nha bng 15 cht thi, trong kh ti giy to
ra 140 ca cht thi.
III. TNG QUAN V BIOPLASTICBioplactic
VI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTICVt liu t tinh bt: Ht tinh bt c th
kt hp vi plastic truyn thng, c bit l polyolefins. Khi plastic s c
phn hy bi vi sinh vt chnh xc th vi sinh vt s s dng tinh bt, lm tng
xp to khong trng lm mt tnh nguyn vn ca mng plastic.C 3 loi polymer
phi trn, ang c quan tm trong nhng nm gn y: polyhydroxylalkanoates
(PHA), polylactic axid (PLA), thermoplastic tinh bt (TPS). .
PLA: c sn xut t s ln men tinh bt (ch yu l tinh bt bp).u im: t
tiu tn nng lng hn plastic truyn thng, thn thin vi mi trng, d gia
cng c hc, tnh do v d to hnh. C th to ra cc dng mng trong sut, si.
Ngoi ra, vt liu PLA c nhng c tnh cm quan rt tt ch to bao b ng dng
trong cng nghip thc phm.Nhc im: thuc tnh ca PLA ph thuc nhiu vo m,
kh nng chu nhit thp, chi ph sn xut cao nn vn cha c s dng rng ri.Hin
nay, ngoi s dng tinh bt bp sn xut PLA, ngi ta cn s dng v qu da hu.
Do u im: ngun nguyn liu di do, gi tr khng cao nn c th tn dng sn
xutVI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTIC
VI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTICPHAPHA tn ti trong t bo vi khun,
ngoi ra nhiu loi PHA cn c tng hp t cc ngun Cacbon, vi sinh vt hu c
khc nhau v qua cc qu trnh gia cng.u im ca PHA l kh nng phn hy cao v
d tng hp, khi c t vo mi trng sinh vt t nhin th n s t phn hy thnh
CO2 v H2O.Nhc im: gi gp 10 ln plastic truyn thng, tuy nhin nu sn
xut vi s lng ln th gi ca chng s thp hn.
TPSTPS l polymer 100% t tinh bt c ch ng trn th trng. TPS khc PLA
v PHA l khng qua giai on ln men.u im: chi ph nng lng v gi c thp hn
plastic truyn thng Nhc im v chi ph nguyn liu, chi ph k thut, s hoi
nghi ca ngi tiu dng khin sn phm ny cha c s dng rng ri.
VI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTICVt liu t cellulose: Cellulose l
ngun nguyn liu phong ph, khng ha tan trong nc v hu ht dung mi hu c.
Cellophane (giy bng kn) l mt trong nhng dng ph bin ca bao b
xellulose c s dng trong bo qun nhiu loi thc phm.Tnh cht: cellulose
c tnh trong sut, chng thm du, bng b mt cao, ngn cn s tn cng ca vi
khun. Tuy nhin tnh c hc km nh lc x, lc ko, c th x rch d dng, gi
thnh cao.
VI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTICVt liu t Chitin v ChitosanChitin
(pol-N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine) l mt polysaccharide bn, vt liu chnh
trong lp v cng ca ng vt gip xc. Chitin khi kh nhm acetyl s to thnh
chitosan (poly-(1,4)-2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucan), vt liu hu c c phong
ph cao th hai trn Tri t.T chitin trong v tm v cc si protein trong t
la, cc nh khoa hc to ra mt loi vt liu c tn Shrilk.
VI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTICVt liu t to binTo bin cng rt giu
tinh bt nh trong cc sn phm nng nghip. Tnh cht: thn thin mi trng, gi
thp hn cc sn phm nha khi nui trn quy m ln. T ph phm chn
nuiNovatein_ Nha sinh hc c pht trin da trn thnh phn bt huyt, mt loi
bt c s dng lm phn bn hoc thc n cho gia cm. u im: quy trnh n gin nn
khng i hi vn u t ln, nn gi thnh sn phm tng i r.
VI. CNG NGH SN XUT BIOPLASTICVt liu t v truCc nh khoa hc trn
axid vi rau mi ty, rau spinach, v tru v v ca cao. Sau mt thi gian,
mt loi cht do hnh thnh vi cc c im gin, mm mi, co gin ging nh nha.
Tuy mi ch dng li th nghim nhng m ra mt phng php mi trong vic ch to
nha sinh hc t cht thi nng nghip.
V. KT LUNVI. TI LIU THAM
KHOhttp://tech.vietfuji.com/2014/05/tao-ra-nhua-sinh-hoc-lam-tu-vo-tom/http://www.cesti.gov.vn/khong-gian-cong-nghe/nhua-sinh-hoc-va-tiem-nang-thi-truong.htmlhttp://vietbao.vn/Khoa-hoc/Chat-deo-sinh-hoc-tu-khoai-tay/20704615/192/http://giupviectheogio.vn/2014/06/tim-hieu-cac-loai-nhua-trong-cuoc-song.htmlhttp://www.tapack.com.vn/tin-tuc/tin-thi-truong/tong-quan-nganh-nhua-the-gioi.htmlhttp://www.tuhaoviet.vn/index.php/nhua-va-cao-su/nhua-gia-dung/103-tong-quan-nganh-hang-nhua-viet-nam#.VkKKSaP0EcQhttp://www.vietrade.gov.vn/nha-cht-do-va-cao-su/1486-tong-quan-nganh-hang-nhua-viet-nam.htmlhttp://www.rfa.org/vietnamese/in_depth/real-situation-of-vn-plastic-industry-nk-10172012164318.htmlhttp://doc.edu.vn/tai-lieu/de-tai-vat-lieu-bao-bi-bioplastic-10077/http://documents.tips/documents/i-tong-quan-ve.html
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