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Understanding Citations
LIBRARY LESSONS From the Research helpdesk August 2011This tutorial is adapted from “Understanding Citations” Tutorial at
University of Texas at Austin http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Understanding Citations is licensed by NJIT Library under a Creative
Commons Attribution-Non-Commerical-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
Journal Article (MLA)
Book (MLA)
…in an article on confusing concepts… published in American Journal of Psychiatry in 1974 (Pattison 1974).
If you are interested a fact from a source mentioned in an article, look for the in text citation. (Pattison 1974).
Find the citation beginning with Pattison in the list of
References at the end of the article for the entire citation for the source.
…and an article on confusing concepts… published in American Journal of Psychiatry in 1974 (Pattison 1974).
Pattison, E.M. (1974). Confusing concepts about the concept of homosexuality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 340-349.
All citations contain some common elements
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus
209.2 (2010): 358-368.
AUTHOR TITLE DATE
BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
All citations contain some common elements
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus
209.2 (2010): 358-368.
AUTHOR TITLE DATE
BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
All citations contain some common elements
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus
209.2 (2010): 358-368.
AUTHOR TITLE DATE
BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
City of Publication PublisherBook and Book Chapter Citations list the
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus 209.2 (2010): 358-368.
BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States.Ed. Michael Bell. New York : Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
City of Publication PublisherBook and Book Chapter Citations list the
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus 209.2 (2010): 358-368.
BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York : Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
Journal Article and Book Chapter Citations listTitle of source
Where this appearsPage Numbers
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?.“ Icarus. 209.2 (2010): 358-368. BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
Journal Article and Book Chapter Citations listTitle of source
Where this appearsPage Numbers
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus. 209.2 (2010): 358-368. BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
Journal Article and Book Chapter Citations listTitle of source
Where this appearsPage Numbers
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus. 209.2 (2010): 358-368. BookArmitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation.New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Book ChapterMertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. 9-41.
Journal Article Citations list additional informationvolume number, issue number,
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus
209.2 (2010): 358-368. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
Journal Article Citations list additional informationvolume number, issue number,
database where full text was retrieved,
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus
209.2 (2010): 358-368. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
Journal Article Citations list additional informationvolume number, issue number,
database where full text was retrieved, medium of publication, and date accessed.
Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus
209.2 (2010): 358-368. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.
Why is Citing so Important to you?
• Avoid Plagiarism. • Show you have
researched the topic.• Give readers
information to find your sources.
What does your professor mean when he/she says “Cite your sources”
• You must provide…–an in-text citation–the full citation on your Works
Cited Page
When do you cite?• When Quoting – when you repeat a piece of
information in the author’s exact words or exactly as published.
– introduce the quote,– quote, – and add a spin.
Rebecca always knew she was special. In her life story, she writes “Since I was ten, I always knew I was meant for great things” (Smith 33). Rebecca’s mission began then.
When do you cite?
• When paraphrasing - putting another’s ideas into your own words.
• You must acknowledge that you are using another’s intellectual property (ideas, facts, graphs, tables, pictures, diagrams, software music, etc).
• See the Intellectual Property Lesson for more on properly paraphrasing.
How are in text citations used
In text citation (Author’s Last name, Page number)
Works Cited Page (Full citation)
The source
How are in text citations usedRebecca always knew she was special. In her life story, she
writes “Since I was ten, I always knew I was meant for great things” (Smith 33). Rebecca’s career essentially began then.
Smith, Rebecca. My Life. New York: Able Press, 2011.
My LifeR. Smith
How are in text citations usedSixty four percent of students say they need more time for social
activities (“College Survey” 7).
“College Survey.” Journal of All Colleges 10.1 (2011):2-9
Journal of All
Colleges 64%
more time
7
College Survey
2
CITE