REFERENCING USING APA CITATIONS

USING APA CITATIONSHumanities courses are usually asked to style according to MLA guidelines. Students in science and research fields, meanwhile, are often encouraged to follow the APA guidelines. In college, the primary reason for using a standardized reference format like the MLA or APA is so that professional peers, researchers, professors, and other academic readers can understand the syntax (using formal, academic language) and check the references used in the written work.MLA vs. APA citation stylesIN-TEXT CITATIONSPutting citations at the beginning of the paraphrased text.Paraphrasing Using In-Text Citation (Single Author)The people in the country will support the new policy. It will bring a lot of good to the poor.

Albert Benjamin, Policy and Living (2004), p. 6 This is the original text of the article. Not yet paraphrased. Paraphrasing Using In-Text Citation (Single Author)According to Benjamin (2004), the citizens shall be in favour of the new scheme as it will benefit the less fortunate (p. 6).

This is the paraphrased version. Notice that the author and year is cited at the beginning of the sentence. Thus, its called IN-TEXT. Paraphrasing Using the In-Text Citation (Multiple Authors)A dialect is a language use which includes vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that is unique to a particular group or region. Audiences sometimes make negative judgments about a speaker based on his or her dialect. Such negative judgments are called vocal stereotypes.

Helen Chuah, Janet Holmes, and Tyler Nickelson, (2012), Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6(1)If there are more than one authorParaphrasing Using the In-Text Citation (Multiple Authors)Chuah, Holmes and Nickelson (2012) stated that the term vocal stereotypes refers to the negative judgments people sometimes make based on a persons particular dialect. A dialect is a speech that is unique to a group or region, and it includes vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

You can cite a work by three to five authors by mentioning all the names when you first cite them.

Paraphrasing Using the In-Text Citation (Multiple Authors)Chuah et al., (2012) added that in order to adapt to modern society, we have to be open to change.

But if you mention the work by these authors again, you just need to cite the first author followed by et al., (a symbol meaning more than 2 authors), finalized by the date.

More Examples of In-Text Citation (Muslim, Malay or Indian Authors)Priyanka (2010) found that teenage girls were the fastest growing group of new smokers in the country. Priyanka Gopinanth (2010),Young Smokers http://www.thenation.com.my When inserting citation for Indian names, use their first names (e.g. Priyanka). More Examples of In-Text Citation (Muslim, Malay or Indian Authors)Norhayati and Nasser (2008) reported that an effective career plan will enable you to enjoy a satisfying career. But you should set career goals and formulate an action before you can meet those goals (p. 120).

Norhayati Ahmad and Nasser Wahab (2008),Chase Your Dreams, p. 120.

When inserting citation for Muslims or Malay names, use their first names (e.g. Norhayati & Nasser). More Examples of In-Text Citation (No Authors)According to the National Cancer Society (2005), 1 out of 100 people in Malaysia are diagnosed with cancer due to poor diet.

National Cancer Society (2005),http://www.nationalcancer.org

If the author is an organization or government agency, cite the name of that body. More Examples of In-Text Citation (No Authors)In A dangerous result, (2013), it was stated that Malaysian politics seems near breakdown. This gives rise to the danger that there is a loss of faith in the political process itself.

A Dangerous Result: What is Next? (2013),http://www.nationaleconomy.com

If an online article or a web page has no author, cite the first three words of the title within double quotation marks (), followed by the year.END-TEXT CITATIONSPutting citations at the end of the paraphrased text.Paraphrasing Using End-Text Citation (Single Author)The people in the country will support the new policy. It will bring a lot of good to the poor.

Albert Benjamin, Policy and Living (2004), p. 6 This is the original text of the article. Not yet paraphrased. Paraphrasing Using End-Text Citation (Single Author)The citizens shall be in favour of the new scheme as it will benefit the less fortunate (Benjamin, 2004, p. 6).

This is the paraphrased version. Notice that the author and year is cited at the end of the sentence. Thus, its called END-TEXT. Paraphrasing Using the End-Text Citation (Multiple Authors)A dialect is a language use which includes vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that is unique to a particular group or region. Audiences sometimes make negative judgments about a speaker based on his or her dialect. Such negative judgments are called vocal stereotypes.

Helen Chuah, Janet Holmes, and Tyler Nickelson, (2012), Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6(1)If there are more than one authorParaphrasing Using the End-Text Citation (Multiple Authors)The term vocal stereotypes refers to the negative judgments people sometimes make based on a persons particular dialect. A dialect is a speech that is unique to a group or region, and it includes vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (Chuah, Holmes & Nickelson, 2012).

The word and is replaced with the symbol & when put in brackets. REMINDER! You cannot use the symbol et al. for multiple authors in end-text citation.More Examples of End-Text Citation (Muslim, Malay or Indian Authors)Teenage girls were the fastest growing group of new smokers in the country (Priyanka, 2010).

Priyanka Gopinanth (2010),Young Smokers http://www.thenation.com.my When inserting citation for Indian names, use their first names (e.g. Priyanka). More Examples of End-Text Citation (Muslim, Malay or Indian Authors)An effective career plan will enable you to enjoy a satisfying career. But you should set career goals and formulate an action before you can meet those goals (Norhayati & Nasser, 2008, p. 120).

Norhayati Ahmad and Nasser Wahab (2008),Chase Your Dreams, p. 120.The word and is replaced with the symbol & when put in brackets. When inserting citation for Muslims or Malay names, use their first names (e.g. Norhayati & Nasser). More Examples of End-Text Citation (No Authors)1 out of 100 people in Malaysia are diagnosed with cancer due to poor diet (National Cancer Society, 2005).

National Cancer Society (2005),http://www.nationalcancer.org

If the author is an organization or government agency, cite the name of that body. Professor James Chin, from Monash University, said that English was the language used in Malaysias private sector. A lot of Malaysian parents are very worried about the standard of English, he said. A lot of parents realize that for their children, without English they cant survive, not in the private sector.

Liz Gooch, The New York Times (2009)End-Text Citations (Author quotes from another source) This is the original text of the article. Not yet paraphrased. The author is quoting from another source. End-Text Citations (Author quotes from another source)According to Professor James Chin of Monash University, the private sectors medium of instruction was English. He further stressed that the awareness on the importance of English among parents have increased as without it, their children would not be able to survive in the local workforce, especially in the private sector (Gooch, 2009).

Liz Gooch, The New York Times (2009)

You have to cite the second source at the beginning. But, the author who wrote the article must be cited at the end.