Undersea Weaponry NNR - Transportation Research Boardonlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nec/050510Ng3.pdf · Undersea Weaponry NNR. Presented to the National Academy of Sciences

Undersea Weaponry 11

Presenter:Dr. Kam Ng

Deputy Director of ResearchOffice of Naval Research

Undersea Weaponry NNR

Presented to the National Academy of Sciences 5 May 2010

Program Officers:Ray Soukup-- G&CDr. Ng/Dr. Hassan--MSDODan Tam--WarheadsDr. Teresa McMullen—CW & CMDr. Kam Ng--SupercavMaria Medeiros—P&E, ULI

Undersea Weaponry 2

Vision & ChallengesD&I Vision:

• Sensors, signal processing, and tactical improvements to address countered engagements in challenging acoustic environments

• Reliable, stealthy, and wakeless propulsion systems

• Compact energy dense sources, with low turn-around costs, for long endurance missions

• High-speed supercavitating weapons with a capable search, detection/classification/localization, and homing capability

• Rapid reaction approach to mitigate incoming weapons

• Improvements in pre and post-launch weapon connectivity with launch platform and other weapons

• High energy insensitive explosive compliant warheads to increase torpedo lethality

• Affordability of undersea weaponry technologies applied to tactical vehicle systems and sub-systems

Provide affordable technologies that enable control of the undersea battlespace by increasing weapon effectiveness against evolving threats

S&T Challenges:

Undersea Weaponry 3

Time Phased Investment Strategy How Undersea Weapons S&T Coordinates with Acquisition

Future USW

06Prior Years 07 08 09 10 11 2012 -

2030

Weapons & CMs Modernization (APB and Technology Insertion)

Present . . . 5 Years . . . 25 Years . . .

National Naval Responsibility (NNR) D&I Investment (6.1/6.2)

Discovery and Invention (D&I)Guidance &

ControlUndersea Warheads

Counterweapons &Countermeasures

MultidisciplinarySystems Design &

Optimization

SupercavitatingWeapons

Power & Energy and University Lab

Initiative

Naval Power 21 EnablersFuture Naval Capabilities

Lightweight Torpedo (FY06 – 10)

Compact Rapid Attack Weapon (FY07 – 11)

Anti-Torpedo Torpedo Salvo (FY08 – FY12)

Torpedo Hybrid Fuzing (FY11 – FY15)

Leap Ahead Innovations• Swampworks• Innovative Naval Prototypes

Swampworks HWT & LWT (6.2/6.3)

Science and TechnologyAcquisition

LASW FNC Enabling Capabilities (6.2/6.3) Future Weapons & Countermeasures 6.2/6.3

Today Next After Next

Undersea Weaponry 4

Warfighter Payoffs:

Improved G&C capabilities for quiet diesel submarines in littoral environment

Improved Pk & Pck

Increased weapons load-out

Reduced Total Owner Cost

Naval Capabilities:

Power Projection Survivability & Self-Defense Assure Access & Hold at Risk

Naval Customers:

NAVSEA PEO SUB– PMS 404, PMS 415, PMS 403

Key Leveraging Activities:

MURI, e.g., Bio-Inspired Sea Vehicles

ONR YIP

DARPA, e.g., Underwater Express, Tango Bravo

SBIR/STTR

Congressional Interested Programs

Thrust Areas:

Guidance & Control: R. Soukup

Multidisciplinary Systems Design & Optimization: K. Ng/S. Hassan

Undersea Warheads: D. Tam

Power & Energy: M. Medeiros

Counterweapons & Countermeasures: T. McMullen

Supercavitating Weapons: K. Ng

University Laboratory Initiative (ULI): M. Medeiros

Undersea Weapons (NNR)

Funding ($K) FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10PE 0601153N 5,180 5,686 5,636 7,180PE 0602747N 12,268 13,670 13,457 14,051Related 2,800 3,000 3,000 3,100

Undersea Weaponry 5

Objectives:• Provide new, fundamental guidance and

control (G&C) technology for next generation weapons

• Determine configurations and enabling technologies for these new weapons, i.e., Weaponization of UUV

• Preserve the “Torpedo Enterprise” and laboratory “Knowledge Base” for undersea weapons

Major Challenge:Poor acoustic environment with countermeasures

Research Approach:Develop new signal processing and G&C concepts for next-generation undersea weapons

Research Outcomes:• Innovative Sensors & Signal Processing

Algorithms• Guidance Algorithms• Modeling and Simulation Capability

Undersea Weapons Guidance & Control

Undersea Weaponry 6

• Develop multidisciplinary simulation-based methods and models to optimize undersea weapon system designs with respect to performance & cost

• Research and develop innovative approaches to reduce the acoustic signature of undersea weapon systems

• Support the Undersea Weaponry National Naval Responsibility at ONR

• Develop undersea weapons knowledge base to support other programs (FNCs) and organizations (NAVSEA, DARPA)

Objectives

Major Challenges• Multi-objective optimization of weapon systems with parameter uncertainties and coupled subsystems

• Development and integration of realistic cost estimating models

• Consistent fidelity of subsystem models

• Modeling of noise sources associated with electric propulsion systems

• Broadband and narrowband propulsor noise reduction

Research Approach

• MSDO with emphasis on probabilistic methods, parameter uncertainties, and multi-objectives including cost

• Electric and hybrid propulsion system modeling

• Physics based models/meta-models of vehicle subsystems

• Innovative noise mitigation and control technologies

• Propulsor noise modeling, silencing, and bio-inspired concepts

• Weapon launcher system (internal and external) noise modeling

• Leverage ULI and SBIR programs

Machinery (SS4)Machinery (SS4) PropulsorPropulsor (SS5)(SS5)Power (SS3)Power (SS3)Warhead (SS2)Warhead (SS2)GNC (SS1)GNC (SS1)

UUV (SS0)UUV (SS0)OD

SpeedDepth

Mission timeRPM

Turn AOA

IDSlow speedRangeThrustDragTotal massTotal lengthPk|hitID

TSTgt beam width

Desired FOV

dIBeam widthGNC massGNC lengthGNC Power

ODMax depth

WHD lengthWHD type

WHD feasibilityWHD PkWHD mass

IDMission time

Available powerGNC Power

PWR massPWR length Thrust power

IDSpeed

Thrust power

Machinery lengthMachinery massMax thrust

ODRPM

Prop Type

PcPcAOAProp length Prop mass

MSDO – Combined Sensitivity Analysis

Multidisciplinary Systems Design & Optimization (MSDO)

Undersea Weaponry 7

Research Approach:• Investigate and develop new fuels, oxidizers, and

reactive materials to increase the energy release capacity of warhead constituents

• Develop the diagnostic capabilities to enable accurate determination of time/temperature for hydroreactive energy release

• Investigate and develop warhead configuration and initiation concepts to increase warhead performance and target damage effects, such as detonation merging, directed blast, and reactive components

• Investigate the potential mechanisms available for reducing the sensitivity of explosives used in undersea warhead configurations

• Develop physics based coupled Euler/Lagrange end-to- end modeling capability with increased computational speed without sacrificing fidelity

Objectives:• Develop undersea warhead constituents,

configurations, and blast control mechanisms that provide increased torpedo lethality and/or reduced volumetric requirements

• Improve the understanding of the energy release and energy coupling mechanisms of underwater explosions to enable improved warhead design

Research Outcomes:• Advanced Warhead Concepts that enable

increased lethality, reduced susceptibility to countermeasures and reduced sensitivity to externally produced stimuli

• Higher Energy Warhead Constituents• Validated Code for Hull & Equipment Response to

Underwater Explosions

Major Challenges:• Increasing the

available energy within warhead constituents

• Optimizing energy release existing warhead constituents

• Maximizing the explosive energy coupling to the target

• Reducing the size of undersea warheads without reducing lethality

• Reducing the susceptibility of explosive formulations to external stimuli, such as mechanical shock

• Increasing the fidelity of models used to analyze the effect of under water explosions

Undersea Warheads

Undersea Weaponry 8

Objectives:• Investigate energy and propulsion technologies for

both undersea weapons and unmanned vehicles

Near Term:• Reduce maintenance and turn around costs for current

fleet systems (LWT & HWT) while maintaining performance• Provide multi-run capability • Investigate fuels and oxidizer sources for air-independent

operation.• increase endurance (>40 hrs) and produce efficient

operation• Investigate Hybrid systemsMid Term:• Demonstrate cleaner fuels (monopropellants, bi-

propellants) operation• Investigate wakeless (closed cycle) propulsion concepts• Increase power/speed and Provide “Gas and Go”

capabilityFar Term:• Investigate wakeless (open cycle) propulsion concepts• Investigate propulsion concepts for disposable weapons• Evaluate Half-length torpedo propulsion system concepts• In-water vehicle demonstrations• Provide longer endurance (30 days) operation

Research Approach:Investigate and develop new energy and propulsion technologies for undersea weapons and vehicles.

Research Outcomes:• More environmentally friendly fuels and

oxidizers• Multi-use and gas-and-go mission capability

of vehicles• Increase underwater vehicle endurance• Higher efficiency, and reduced weight, volume and

signature

Undersea Weapons Propulsion and Air-Independent Energy Program

Undersea Weaponry 9

Power and Energy Program ImpactThe Undersea Power and Energy Program Impacts:

• PMS 404’s S&T Roadmap:- New Propulsion Weapon Systems- Improved Fuels- Reduce operation/turn around cost- Increase weapon performance

• PMS 403’s and PMS 399’s S&T Roadmap:- Long endurance operation of unmanned/manned vehicles

Multi-mission capability• Support Navy’s UUV Master Plan• Leveraging OSD, DOE and DARPA P&E Programs

Addresses the following Naval S&T Areas:• Power and Energy

• Provide long endurance and efficient energy sources for UUVs• Hybrid propulsion options for multi-mission operation of weapons

• Assure Access and Hold at Risk• Low noise/stealth operation

• Total Ownership Cost• Cleaner and more environmentally friendly fuels• Multi-use operation


Major Challenge• Develop methods for Rapid Reaction Terminal Defense Scenarios

• Supercavitating Weapon Attack (200 knots)• Close-in attack• Weapons that penetrate outer layers

Research Approach

• Rapid Underwater Threat Neutralization• Develop Fast reaction approach to destroy or incapacitate

incoming threat weapon. • Close-in gun-launched supercavitating projectiles• Cavity disruption techniques to destabilize supercavitating

weapon with UNDEX

• Rapid Underwater Threat Sensing• Develop Sensors, algorithms to detect, classify, and track the

threat with adequate accuracy and speed• High speed weapon signature• Non-acoustic sensing (LIDAR, magnetic)

USW Counterweapons/Countermeasures

•Acoustic•Homer


Supercavitating WeaponsObjectives:• Understand physics of supercavitating flows • Develop vehicle control & guidance methodology

for maneuvering & homing• Design & build a test vehicle to evaluate candidate

control & homing concepts

Major Challenges:• Vehicle Guidance & Homing

– Acoustic approach - sensor self noise & data rate

– Signal processing techniques– Waveform design– Auto pilot & command

• Vehicle Control & Maneuvering– Supercavitating bubble (cavity) instability– Vehicle control, planing & tail slap– Interaction between cavity & propulsion

exhaust– Propulsion transient & startup

Research Outcomes:• Understanding of supercavitation physics • Vehicle control • Homing sensor• Quick-Reaction weaponry• Supercavitation & vehicle control technology to

support DARPA’s Underwater Express Program

Research Approach:• Hydrodynamic & Control - Cavity Control & Control

Surfaces• Vehicle Guidance - Guidance Law & Homing

Sensors• Propulsion

Propulsion & Ventilation Systems

CavitatorCavitating Control Fins

Ventilation

Guidance

Warhead


• Increase the number of engineers and scientists in Navy laboratories developing undersea weapon and vehicle technology

• Contribute to the revitalization of the laboratories

• Build connections between laboratories and academia

• Technology Areas: Guidance and Control,Weapon and Vehicle Energy Conversion, Hydrodynamics, Warheads, Underwater Vehicle Technologies (corrosion/anti-fouling, gas-n-go concepts, hybrids)

• Each project includes the student (US Citizen), academic advisor and Navy laboratory mentor

• Students work at mentor’s laboratory during summer (min 10 weeks)

• Board of Visitors reviews projects at annual review

Participants21 students

ARL/PSUBrownBUNUWCNSWCMITMSUPenn StateRPI

StevensVA Tech UCONNUIUCUniv. MDUMASSURIWPIWright State

University Laboratory Initiative (ULI) Program

Objectives Approach

Attendees at the 2007 ULI Review- NUWC Keyport Division


ULI Leveraging / CollaborationsCollaborations include:

NUWC-NPT

NSWC-IH

ARL

Univ of Connecticut

Georgia Tech

Univ of Maine

Stevens Institute

WPI

RPI

PSU

UMASS- Dartmouth

Univ of Maryland

Michigan State

MIT

Wright State

Princeton

Boston Univ

Brown University

Baylor University

NRL

University of Florida

Southern Mississippi University

UIUC

Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs)• Brown Univ• Stevens Institute• WPI• UConn• UMASS- Dartmouth• MIT• Michigan State Univ• Wright State University

MOA:• NUWC and UMASS-Dartmouth


Ms. Elizabeth LennonDr. Ron BesserDr. A. Burke

Mr. John IzzoDr. Wilson ChiuDr. Louis Carreiro

Research Approach:• Characterize VI behaviors of micro-plasmas to determine device efficiencies under various geometries & settings. • Design next generation flow-thru micro-plasma• Assess H2 generation from C2H2 micro-plasma chips- to measure conversion, yield, selectivity, & process efficiencies

Objectives:• Understand behavior of air-independent fuel cells• Effect of a reacted H2O2 stream on cell performance• Development of SOFC system model and experimental setup for validation

Research Approach:• Develop model to predict SOFC performance• Validate model via cathode polarization tests• Characterize H2O2 to identify impurities • Determine extent of LSM cathode degradation • Couple fuel cell with H2O2 microchemical reactor and optimize cathode for the oxidant feed stream

Power and EnergyMicroplasma Reforming of Acetylene

for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Aboard UUVs

Objectives:• Determine if microplasma reforming of acetylene

(C2 H2 ) is a viable fuel processing option for H2 delivery to UUV SOFC

• Determine under what conditions microplasma reforming of acetylene (C2 H2 ) offers best fuel processing option for H2 delivery to UUV SOFC considering full energy cycle

• Compare microplasma fuel reforming for UUVs to existing reforming technologies

Fuel Cell Performance using Hydrogen Peroxide Reformate as the Oxidant

e-

AnodeElectrolyteCathode

xLLModeling

Domain

Ext

erna

l Loa

d

e-


Mr. John CostaDr. Vijaya ChalivendraMr. Thomas Ramotowski

Ms. Nicole Mackey, Dr. J Paige Phillips, Dr. James Wynne

Research Approach:• Functionalize BN nano-particles using saline coupling agents• Verify functionalized BN nano-particles using chemical analysis tools• Fabricate nanocomposites using controlled process for better dispersion of BN particles in the polyurethane matrix• Prepare test samples for measurement of thermal conductivity and acoustic property measurements

Objectives:Develop an optically transparent, vibration dampeningand self-polishing coating capable of resisting marine fouling:

>1 year life-cycle optically transparent in desired windowpossess vibrational dampening propertiescontrolled rate of hydrolysis leading to self-polishing surface

Research Approach:• Design/synthesize a series of OH-functionalized active system components having a range of MWs and chemical structures• Prepare polyurethane networks containing active system components via reaction with a base isocyante resin• Prepare multi-functional coatings using active agents in combinations and fine-tune formulations to maintain desired coating mechanical properties, optical characteristics, and maximize vibrational damping

Corrosion and Anti-fouling CoatingsHigh Thermal Conductivity

Nanocomposite Encapsulants

Objectives:• Fabricate high-quality boron nitride (BN) and polyurethane

(PU) nanocomposites for torpedo nose arrays and high power/duty cycle acoustic sources

• Obtain PU/BN composite thermal conductivity value of 2.0W/mK, approximately that of piezo-ceramics, and

an order of magnitude above PU itself• Use low particulate loadings (ca. < 5% by weight) to

preserve desirable PU acoustic properties

New Coating Concepts for Corrosion and Anti-Fouling Protection of UUVs

BN microparticles in PU10 microns


Enhanced Blast Underwater Explosives

Energetic Projects

Objectives and Approach:• Apply advanced diagnostics at NSWC-IH & UIUC to probe metallized underwater explosions• Investigate innovative strategies to promote metal water reactions • Develop and test novel casing designs that transport reactive case metals outside the main HE bubble.• Investigate reactive metal casings with indentations designed to create jetting of material to 1) react with ambient water, increasing blast yield, and 2) enhance bubble size and thus violence upon collapse

Real Time Determination of Lattice Deformation Due to Shock Wave Compression

Objectives and Approach:• Design a self-contained powder gun system that is capable of launching a Cu flyer plate at velocities up to 1.7 km/s to induce shock waves in selected targets.• Perform real time x-ray diffraction (XRD) during short (ns) intervals using synchrotron radiation to determine the shock wave induced lattice deformations in inert (LiF) and explosive (RDX) crystalline materials. • Assembled new multi dimension camera stand to be remotely operated providing positional control of camera relative to diffracted synchrotron beam.• Use LabVIEW programs to determine the impact obliquity of the projectile, and control the stepper motors used to position the powder gun and streak camera

Characterization of Ignition Behavior of Organic-Inorganic

Composites

Objectives and Approach:• Investigate ignition characteristics of specific organic and inorganic energetic materials to answer the following:• How do nano thermites initiate• What is the mechanism of combustion propagation• How can traditional organic systems be integrated into the nanothermites and what are the characteristics of combustion• Developed a time resolved mass spectrometer capable of a time resolution of as small ~ 60 us, with heating rates of ~106 K/sec• The method enables the first ever time resolved measurement of a thermite type energetic material

Mr. Lance KingstonDrs. Krier and GlumacDr. Joel Carney

Mr. Patrick SnowDr. Gwo-Ching Wang Dr. Ray Gamache

Mr. Nicholas PiekielDr. Michael Zachariah Dr. Jason Jouet


Program Status:

9 MS and 12 Ph.D. students

Recent Hires:

4 ULI graduates accepted positions at NUWC

1 ULI graduate accepted a position at ARL/PSU

2 US Navy Patent Applications submitted

9 Referred Journal Publications

15 Conference Proceeding Publications

19 Conference Presentations

10 Invited Presentations

9 Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs)

1 MOA

21 Navy Lab/Academia collaborations

ULI Accomplishments


ULI Program ImpactULI Program supports several 6.1 Core Technologies including:

- Guidance and Control- Power and Energy- Energetics- MSDO and Supercavitating Vehicles- Corrosion and Anti-fouling Coatings

Addresses the following Naval S&T Technology Areas:- Power and Energy - Undersea Weaponry

Naval Impacts/Outcomes:- Increase S&E at Navy Labs conducting S&T research in undersea weapon/vehicle technologies- Increase Navy Labs and academia collaborations- Increase basic understanding/principles of electrochemistry, new coating materials, understand properties/characteristics of energetic materials, controlalgorithms, low-cost single crystal sensor approaches, to further develop these technological tools to support programs at 6.2, INP, FNC level- Support ONR’s National Naval Responsibility for Undersea Weaponry


Collaborations & Partnerships

Germany – Project Agreements:

1) Enhanced Undersea Weapons Effectiveness & Ship Survivability through the Application of Validated Computer Codes;

2) Vulnerability of Torpedoes to Underwater Explosions

Singapore – DEA: Underwater Explosion Technology

NATO Research & Technology Organization:

1) AVT-119 (Task Group in Health Monitoring of Munitions);

2) AVT-093 (Task Group in Integration of Tools & Processes for Affordable Vehicles/Weapons)

3) AVT-173 (Task Group in Virtual Prototyping of Affordable Military Vehicles Using Advanced MDO)

Navy Enterprise for M&S to support ship shock testing

Bureau of Reclamation (Dept of Interior): DYSMAS

Army Engineering Research & Development Center: DYSMAS

NASA: Vehicle Design & Optimization

NSF: Adaptive Control, Smart Materials & Structures

DARPA: Power & Energy

DOE: Fuel Cell & Power

TTCP: Torpedo Noise, UUV Power & Energy


Issues

Transition S&T products to PMS-404 Torpedo Program Office and PMS 403 UUV Program Office is a challenge

Employment of ULI graduate students—lack of Navy Labs billets


Executive Summary

S&T Quality

Transitioned Supercavitation S&T to DARPA’s Underwater Express Vehicle

Successfully demonstrated a novel warhead configuration and explosive chain to produce robust warhead lethality

Naval Impact

Transitioned 112-element Torpedo Sonar Array to PMS 404 Torpedo Program Office

Developed a new class of algorithms that enables groups of mobile acoustic countermeasures to collaborate for localization and tracking of an acoustic homing torpedo target

Program Plan

Well integrated Undersea Weaponry S&T and transitioned technology products to Program Executive Offices on time

Fully coordinated and leveraged with other D&I (internal & external)

Mission-driven and science relevant with excellent transition record

Quality people are making it work


Backup Slides


Key Performance ParametersOffense - Probability of KillDefense - Ship Survivability

Layered Defense

CONOPS Transformation

IncreaseLegacy System

Performance

Variable Targeting PrecisionTactical Anti-Submarine &

Standoff Anti-Surface Warfare

Future Missions,Threats & Platforms

Electric Propulsion

Insensitive Munitions

Undersea Weapons S&T Vision

Assured joint force access to the battle-space will be enabled by increased mobility and survivability, modular payloads, off-board systems and reduced

sized weapons to deliver extended range, scalable & lethal effects at reduced cost

Assured joint force access to the battle-space will be enabled by increased mobility and survivability, modular payloads, off-board systems and reduced

sized weapons to deliver extended range, scalable & lethal effects at reduced cost

Documents

Undersea Weaponry NNR - Transportation Research Boardonlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nec/050510Ng3.pdf · Undersea Weaponry NNR. Presented to the National Academy of Sciences