UMTS Network Summary

Network Summary & Siemens Solution Siemens

TM2201EU04TM_0002 © 2002 Siemens AG

1

Contents

1 UTRAN 3

1.1 Node B 4

1.2 RNC 14

2 User Equipment UE 23

3 Core Network CN 29

4 Operation Subsystem OSS 37

5 Exercise 43

6 Solution 51

Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Siemens Network Summary & Siemens Solution

TM2201EU04TM_0002

© 2002 Siemens AG

2



3

1 UTRAN

Network Summary &

Siemens Solution

UTRAN

Core Network CN

RNCRadio Network

Controller

Node B Node BBTS BTS

RNSRadio

NetworkSystem

UTRAN

Iu Iu

Iub

Iur

BTS BTS

RNCRadio Network

Controller


Iub

BTS BTS

Uu Uu

UEUE

Fig. 1


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© 2002 Siemens AG

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1.1 Node B

The Node B is a physical unit for implementing UMTS radio transmission. Depending on the cell type, one (omni) cell or multiple (sector) cells can be serviced by one Node B. The UMTS system is also open for the use of smart antennas, thereby providing even greater system capacity (Space Division Multiple Access – SDMA).

The Node B can be used for FDD, TDD or dual mode operation. Collocation with GSM BTS's is recommended in order to save costs.

The Node B is connected via the Uu interface with the different UE of a cell or cells, and via the Iub interface with an RNC.

The UTRAN interfaces Iu, Iur and Iub are ATM-based. The Node B is therefore used as an ATM termination point. STM-1 or STM-4 lines (155.5 and 622 Mbit/s respectively) or their American or Japanese equivalents (TS 25.411/421/431) are recommended for Layer-1 implementation of the Iu, Iur and Iub interfaces.

The Node B converts user and signaling data received from the RNC via the Iub interface for transport over the radio interface, Uu, and vice versa. This activity includes safeguarding of the information against loss (Forward Error Correction FEC) in addition to the preparation for WCDMA transmission (spreading and modulation) and RF handling.

Node B's are involved in Power Control. Its own power is controlled in accordance with the Transmit Power Control TPC information received from the UE's (Inner Loop Power Control). The Node B also measures the S/N ratio of the UE, compares the value with predefined values (Outer Loop Power Control) and instructs the UE with the TPC information DL to control its transmission power.

The Node B also measures the quality and strength of the links and determines the Frame Error Rate FER. The data is transmitted in a measurement report to the Node B and is used there as a basis for handover and Macro Diversity Combining.

The Node B performs Micro Diversity Combining (FDD Softer Handover) itself. Additional transport capacities to the RNC are not required.

Refer to the 3G TS 25.104 / 25.105 (FDD / TDD) for details and technical parameters regarding Node B functions (Radio Transmission & Reception).



5

RNCIub

Node B

Uu

UE

Node B:

• physical unit

�� implements 1 / more cells

�� FDD / TDD or Dual-Mode operation

• interfaced to: UE via Uu / RNC via Iub

• ATM termination (Iub)

• Data conversion �� Uu transmission

• Inner Loop PC

• measures connection quality & strength

• produces Measurement Report for RNC

• FDD: Micro-Diversity (Softer HoV)

Node B functions:

Overview

Fig. 2


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© 2002 Siemens AG

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Node B – Data conversion

A Node B converts user and signaling information received from the RNC via the Iub interface for transport over the radio interface, Uu, and in the opposite direction.

Encoding & interleaving

This activity includes safeguarding of the data (Forward Error Correction – FEC) for transport over the relatively insecure air interface. The data can be given redundancy – encoding. This is usually accomplished with so-called convolutional coding. The options available in UMTS are 1/1 (no redundancy), 1/2 (each bit redundant) and 1/3 (each bit doubly redundant). In addition, turbo coding is also defined as an option. The redundant information is then de-spread with regard to time – so-called interleaving. The interleaving lengths are between 20 ms and 80 ms according to the data rate used over the Uu.

Rate matching

After encoding and interleaving, the data rates of the service used must be adapted to the data rates that are possible over the radio interface (the bearer rates). This process is known as rate matching. This adaptation is necessary because only specific data rates are possible for the spreading process.

Spreading & modulation

After the rate matching, the data is split into two different branches – an I-branch and a Q-branch. I and Q branches are first separately spread by linking with the channelization and scrambling codes, and are then modulated by QPSK. The resulting HF signals are summed, amplified (under consideration of the power control) and filtered. The HF signal must be filtered in order to prevent interfering sidebands. Interference with other frequency bands should be minimized. 99% of the total radiated power must be contained in the 5-MHz bandwidth of a UMTS frequency band.

For additional details on data conversion for Uu and further references, consult the 3G TS 25.201.



7

Node B:

data conversion

Iub

ATM via

STM-1/-4*

(PCM30)

En-

coding

Inter-

leaving

Rate

Matching

Conversion � TS 25.201* Iub L1 � TS 25.431

Conversion � TS 25.201* Iub L1 � TS 25.431

Uu

QPSK

Modulation

Amplify

& Filter

��

Channelisation

CodeScrambling

Code

Spreading

FEC:Convolutional Coding:

1/1,1/2, 1/3

Matches:

Bearer Rate(Service dependent)

�� Uu Rate

I Branch

Q Branch

Fig. 3


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Spreading

The subscriber data (user data and subscriber signaling data) is split into two different branches (serial – parallel conversion) after the rate matching. The two branches are known as the I- and Q-branches (I for the imaginary, Q for the real part).

Both branches are spread with the same spreading code sequences. The channelization code (OVSF code tree) provides the data with its user-specific code. The data is adapted to the chip rate of 3.84 Mchip/s. The scrambling code gives the data its BTS-related code. The information can only be reconverted to its original form (de-spreading) by using the same synchronized code in the UE.

QPSK modulation

The spreading process is followed by the modulation of the data. UMTS uses Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) to modulate. Phase Shift Keying (PSK) means that the information is transmitted in the form of shifts in the phase of the carrier frequency. Quadrature PSK means that a total of four different phase shifting options are available. They each allow a 2-bit pair to be represented as a single information unit: '00', '01', '10' and '11'. The information unit transmitted over the radio interface is known as a symbol. A symbol therefore has 2 bits in the QPSK modulation method used in UMTS.

The information in the I-branch is represented as the phase shift of a carrier frequency generated by an oscillator. The representation of a '1' results in a phase shift of 270°, the representation of a '0' in a phase shift of 90°. The phase of the carrier wave is shifted by 90° for the Q-branch. The representation of '1' or '0' results in a phase shift of 180° or 0° respectively for this branch.

After then adding the I- and Q-branches together, the four possible phase shifts of 45°, 135°, 225° and 315° shown in the phase diagram are obtained. These shifts represent the symbol information '00', '01', '11' and '10'.

Details on the topics of spreading and modulation can be found in the 3G TS 25.213 and 25.223 (FDD / TDD).



9

QPSK Modulation

Serial

��

Parallel

I Branch

Q Branch

„1“ �� 270°

„0“ �� 90°

Scrambling

Code

Channelisation

Code

binaryData

Rs

„1“ �� 180°

„0“ �� 0°

90°Phase Shift

Oscillator: fc

Phase Modulation Spreading

Rc

Rc

cos(2��fct)

sin(2��fct)

��

„00“

45°

„10“

315°„11“

225°

„11“

135°

Symbol &

Phase Shift

I

Branch

Q

Branch

Fig. 4


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© 2002 Siemens AG

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Siemens Node B's

The different Siemens / NEC Node B's cover all different radio interface aspects, the UTRA FDD and TDD mode as well as the TD-SCDMA mode and Dual-Mode UMTS/GSM operation. The whole range of hierarchical cells, from Pico over Micro to Macro Cells will be covered.

NB-530/531: The FDD Macro Node B are the Siemens start-up solution for fast introduction of UMTS. The Node B is highly flexible, offering a number of possible configurations, ranging from (1/0/0) to "full blown" (2/2/2) configuration (using an extension rack).

NB-440/441: The Compact FDD Node B is specifically designed for mass rollout of UMTS. The small-size Node B has a high capacity ranging from (2/2/2) configuration (NB-440/441) to a "full blown" (2/2/2/2/2/2) respectively (3/3/3) configuration (NB-440) by using an extension rack. The NB-440/441 is smaller, lighter in weight and generates higher capacity than the start-up NB-530/531.

NB-540: The High Capacity Macro FDD Node B will provide very high capacity and large cell coverage. It is designed for deployment in spreading cities where there is generally high user density not concentrated in hot spots. It can support up to 4 FDD TRX in each cell, so that in total 12 TRX are available to carry the high load. The NB-540 is equal in size to the NB-530 but provides double capacity.

NB-640G: This Node B can be configured as GSM/UMTS co-located BS. In this scenario, the NB-640G accommodates a UMTS shelf with NB-440 capacity and a 6-TRX GSM BS. This enables the expansion of existing GSM-sites to GSM/UMTS sites without any loss of capacity. As an alternative, it is also possible to replace the GSM shelf by an UMTS service compartment, which provides space for power supply, battery back-up and transmission equipment.

NB-341: This Micro FDD Node B is a smart, 1 TRX omni-solution. It is optimized for low-cost and easy-to-handle solution because of low weight and small dimensions. It can easily and quickly installed on walls because it is housed in a special outdoor cabinet. The NB-341 can be complemented with boosters to extend coverage. For instance 3 NB-341 can be grouped to form a (1/1/1) site.



11

Siemens Node B’s

*TD-SCDMA

NB-

Indoor

Remarks

150

x

Configuration 1carrier

Outdoor

Dimensionh/w/d [mm]

Size

Mode TDD

341

up to

1/1/1

x

FDD

< 10 l

1compact“Node”

PicoTDD

Node B

610470/148

1 - 3compact“Node”

MicroFDD

Node B

440

x

up to

2/2/2(3/3/3)

FDD

1175/450/600

1(2) Rack(Extension

Rack)

441

x

FDD

1325/650/700

1 Rack

Compact FDDNode B

530

x

FDD

1800/600/600

1 or 2Rack(s)

Macro FDDNode B

531

up to

1/1/1

x

FDD

2250/2300/600

1 Rack

540

x

up to

4/4/4

FDD

1800/600/600

1 Rack

HighCapacityMacro

Node B

640G

x

up to2/2/2

+ 6 TRxGSM

FDD

2020/450/600

1 Rack

UMTSFDD

& GSM

430TS

x

1..3carrier

TDD*

1500/600/450

1 Rack

TD-SCDMA

up to

2/2/2

Fig. 5


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NB-150: The Pico TDD Node B (1 TRX) is developed to be placed on top of FDD hot spots, where a high-density of 3G mobile users is expected. It is of very low weight and small dimension and can easily be installed in indoor areas.

NB-430TS: The NB-430 TS is the world's first Node B for TD-SCDMA. This indoor Node B can be equipped with 1..3 TRX and offers full 3G mobile Internet and wireless multimedia transmission. It as an SBS family member and can easily be integrated into existing GSM networks.

Remarks: This Node B description is preliminary. Therefore, technical parameters might be changed.



13

NB-341Micro FDD

Siemens Node B’s(Examples)

NB-440/441Compact FDD

NB-640GUMTS FDD + GSM

Fig. 6


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© 2002 Siemens AG

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1.2 RNC

Summary RNC functions

The RNC is the central control unit in the UTRAN for a flexible number of Node B's. The RNC is linked with the Core Network (CN), the Node B's or other RNC's via the Iu, Iub and Iur interfaces. All 3 interfaces are ATM-based and should preferentially use STM-1/STM-4 or their American or Japanese equivalents for transmission.

The RNC's are autonomously responsible for Radio Resource Management (RRM) – i.e., independent from the CN. RRM is taken to mean functions required for assigning resources and maintaining links. The following are examples of RNC functions.

Admission Control

Admission Control refers to the analysis of resources required for a requested service, the control of the availability of the resources and, if necessary, the reservation of the resources or rejection of a new user. Its purpose is to prevent congestion situations from occurring. Admission Control uses measurements of the interference level for its analyses. Existing links must not be allowed to be impaired by new links (initial access or handover) that could raise the interference level above a critical limit. The calculation of packet-switched transmissions in particular presents difficulties because the precise time of UL transmission cannot be determined. The load on a carrier must therefore be limited. Loads of up to 50% of the maximum TRX load are regarded as "safe". Simultaneous UL PS transmissions at higher data rates are possible in higher TRX load ranges ("flexible range" / "soft" capacity limit in CDMA systems) for short periods. The interference level in the "flexible" range for TRX loads of up to 80% rises exponentially but does not yet cause deterioration in the link quality. Increases in interference beyond this range must be prevented because otherwise a link to other remote UE may break (unstable range). What is more, the increase in interference level may also increase the interference levels in neighboring cells resulting in the worst case in a domino effect.

Code Allocation

The RNC decides whether to allocate code resources in the cells assigned to it – in other words, channelization codes for DL transmission and scrambling codes for UL transmission. The allocation of channelization codes must be carefully planned because a code can block an entire branch of the code tree. It may even be necessary to renegotiate codes.



15

CN

Node B

Node B

S-RNC

Node B

Combining /Splitting Iu

Iub

Iub

Iub

D-RNC

Iur

RNC functions:

Summary

• autonomous RRM:• Admission Control• Radio Resource Control RRC• Radio Bearer Setup / Release • Code Allocation• Power Control• Congestion Control (Packet Scheduling)• Handover Control (incl. Combining / Splitting)

• S-RNS Relocation

• Ciphering & Deciphering

• Protocol conversion (Iu � Iub, Iur)• ATM switching & multiplexing• O&M tasks

UTRAN functions:TS 25.401

UTRAN functions:TS 25.401

Fig. 7


TM2201EU04TM_0002

© 2002 Siemens AG

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Radio bearer setup / release

Controls the setup of a link, modifications during a call and call releases.

Congestion Control

Congestion Control is used to monitor and detect congestion situations. Its purpose is to detect congestion situations in time (before their occurrence if possible) and return the system to a stable position as quickly as possible. Renegotiation of the transmission rate may be used in this case.

Power Control

Fast control of transmission power is essential in UMTS so as to limit interference levels and maintain transmission quality. The RNC specifies (Outer Loop Power Control) the target quality (S/N)def for the Inner Loop Power Control.

Handover Control

The RNC makes decisions on soft and hard handovers and coordinates them. Links via the Iur interface are required between neighboring RNC's during inter-RNC software handovers. The RNC's involved in an inter-RNC soft handover are classified as serving or drift RNC's (S-RNC / D-RNC) according to their functionality. S-RNC's coordinate handovers, contain the active set information, are responsible for combining and splitting of the data streams, and allocate resources. D-RNC's are only responsible for allocation of resources.

S-RNC relocation

The movement of UE involved in an inter-RNC soft handover can cause the S-RNC functionality to be relocated to the previous D-RNC. This function is known as S-RNC relocation.

In addition to the RRM functions, the RNC is responsible for many other functions, such as the following:

��Ciphering and deciphering of transmission information

��Backward Error Correction, BEC (Acknowledged Mode / Non-Real-Time (NRT) Transmission)

��Conversion of the protocols from the Iu to Iub or Iur interface

��Switching and multiplexing of ATM cells

��Merging of PS and CS information from the CN

��Operation & Maintenance functions

The 3G TS 25.401 provides an overview of the RNC / UTRAN functions.



17

Admission Control

& Code Allocation

CC1,0

= (1)

CC2,1

= (1,-1)

CC2,0

= (1,1)

CC4,0 = (1,1,1,1)

CC4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

CC4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

CC4,2 = (1,-1,-1,1)

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

Code

Tree

SF = 8Admission Control:� prevents overload on Uu

� separate for UL /DL

�� Grants / Rejects new participants

(e.g. at UE initial access, Handover,..)

Interference

level

TRX-Load (%)

10 30 50 70 900

safe

range

flexible

range

Unstabile

range

Code Allocation:� DL: User separated by orthogonal CC‘s

� 1 Code blocks total branch

� restricted Code resources (capacity !)

�� careful Code allocation & Code Re-Negotiation

Fig. 8


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© 2002 Siemens AG

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Siemens RNC: RN-750

The RNC is the central component of the Radio Network Subsystem RNS. The RN-750 uses an internal ATM switch. It has very flexible capacity in terms of processing power and number and type of interfaces. The RN-750 has a scalable architecture based on a very modular switching platform and a standardized network management interface. It is designed to support FDD mode as well as TDD mode Node B's within the same piece of equipment. This makes a seamless handover between TDD and FDD connections possible. The RN-750 can link-up with hundreds of Node B's via dedicated or multiplexed Iub interfaces.

Functional structure of the RNC

The RNC consists of:

��ATM switch unit: The ATM switch unit perform ATM cell switching function.

��RNC controller: The RNC controller terminates the control protocol at layer 3 or above, performs call control and trunk management/control. It performs O&M related processing and controls routing of ATM cells between processors and switch. It provides internal control signal monitoring functions. Furthermore, it provides processor recovery control and periodical alarm supervision.

��Trunk unit: The trunk unit performs routing of cells between ATM software and trunk. It terminates the U-MSC and Node B's signals. It provides diverted handover function and mapping function between the transport channels and logical channels.

��U-MSC Interface unit: The U-MSC interface unit consists of a line interface unit and ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2) multiplexing unit for handling of RNC internal and external AAL2 cells. It terminates the SDH line (from U-MSC) and performs alarm handling.

��Node B Interface unit: The Node B interface unit consists of a line interface unit and an AAL2 multiplexing unit for handling of AAL2 cells. It terminates the E1 (E3) lines and performs alarm handling.

��O&M Interface unit: The O&M interface unit is communication ports and connected to O&M facilities (LMT, RC).



19

Siemens

RNC:

RN-750

RNC: Functional Structure

Node BInterface

UnitATM

SwitchUnit

U-MSCInterface

Unit

TrunkUnit

RNCController

each

FRAMEcontains

4

Shelves

+ fuse panels

+ cooling fans

+ cabling HW

each

Shelfcontains

1 full-sizeor

2 half-wide

modules

Cards &

Disks

are plugged

into the

modulesaccording to

system

configuration

1800

mm

700 mm

600mm

Minimum Configuration:

3 Frames

Extension

U-MSCNode

B

LMT

Radio

Commander

IuIub

T

O

RNC Controller:• terminates control protocol � L3

• CC & trunk management/control

• O&M related processing

• controls ATM cell routing

between processors & switch

• internal control signal monitoring

• Processor recovery control

• Periodical alarm supervision

Trunk Unit:• terminates U-MSC & Node B signal

• provides diverted HO function

• mapping Transport � Logical Channel

Fig. 9


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RN-750 Layout and Dimensions

Hardware components or the RN-750 are housed in frames. One frame is of 1800 x 700 x 600 mm size.

Each frame contains four shelves, in addition to fuse panels, cooling fan systems and cabling hardware. To each shelf, one full-size module or two half-wide modules are mounted, i.e. up to eight half-size modules per frame.

Cards and disks are plugged into the modules according to system configuration. Fuse panels are located on the top stage of the frame. The size and number of fuse panels to be mounted depends on the power consumption of the modules loaded on the frame.

Cooling for the frame is provided by forced air-cooling fan systems. A standard frame carries two fan systems, where the mounting position of the fan systems depends on the heat generation of the modules loaded on the frame.

The RN-750 is highly scalable. Its minimum configuration comprises 3 frames. The minimum configuration can even be reduced to 2 frames for cases where no RNC connection is required to a packet switched core network domain. The hardware structure of the RN-750 is highly modular and easy to extend. Its design ensures both expandability and the ability to cope with future requirements. The RN-750 was designed to handle any mix of traffic such as voice, CS and PS data with a minimum of hardware.



21

Siemens

RN-750

Minimum

Configuration

Fig. 10


TM2201EU04TM_0002

© 2002 Siemens AG

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23

2 User Equipment UE

User

Equipment

Core Network CN

RNCRadio Network

Controller


RNSRadio

NetworkSystem

UTRAN

Iu Iu

Iub

Iur

BTS BTS

RNCRadio Network

Controller


Iub

BTS BTS

Uu Uu

UEUE

Network Summary &

Siemens Solution

Fig. 11


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User Equipment (UE) functions

With regard to functions, UE is a mirror image of the UTRAN and CN. In terms of radio transmission, UE is the opposite of a Node B.

Data for transmission is likewise provided with redundancy and spread using encoding and interleaving processes in order to prevent any loss of data during radio transmission.

In addition, the transmission rate must be adapted in a rate matching process to the data rates possible after the spreading.

The data is split into I- and Q-branches and spread using channelization and spreading codes. Unlike the Node B, the channelization code in UE is used to distinguish different applications of the same UE, while the scrambling code is used to identify the UE. The FDD mode has a particular attribute: user data and user-related signaling data pass separately through the I- or Q-branch and are assigned different channelization codes (different SF's are possible).

The data is modulated by QPSK, summed, amplified, filtered and routed to the UE antenna.

Regarding the power control PC, the UE is also the counterpart to the Node B. Open and Inner Loop PC's are used for power control of the UE, TPC information is exchanged with the Node B for the Inner Loop PC. The UE receives comparison values for Inner Loop PC from the RNC.

Like the Node B, the UE constantly measures the quality and strength of a link, the interference level and also the strength of the near BTS's. The data is sent to the Node B and from there is transmitted together with the Node B measurements to the RNC in a measurement report.

In regard to many of its functions, the UE is the opposite of the RNC. Like the RNC, however, the UE is involved in Backward Error Correction BEC for Non-Real Time NRT Transmission (Acknowledged Mode).

The UE is the counterpart to the RNC in regard to the Radio Resource Control RRC. It requests allocation of radio resources, plays the opposing role during renegotiations, sets up contact during handovers (at the request of the RNC) to the new BTS's and is alone responsible for cell selection during PS transmission.

The UE is also the counterpart during ciphering and deciphering.

The UE is the counterpart to the CN in many of its functions.

The UE participates in Mobility Management, initiates updates to the location information (Location Registration / Update for VLR / SGSN), is the counterpart during authentication and IMEI checks, and does much more.

In addition, the UE communicates directly with the CN to negotiate bearer capacity and to request special services.



25

UE functions

UE Radio Transmission �TS 25.101 / 102 (FDD/TDD)

UE Radio Transmission �TS 25.101 / 102 (FDD/TDD)

En-

coding

Inter-

leaving

Rate

Matching

QPSK

Modulation

Amplify

& Filter

��

I Branch

Q Branch

Spreading

Data

UEfunctions

like

Node B

UE as Node B counterpart, e.g.:• FEC (Encoding & Interleaving), Rate Matching• Spreading & Modulation, RF Processing• Power Control (Open & Inner Loop)• Measurements (FER, S/N, Quality & strength),..

UE as RNC counterpart, e.g.:• BEC (Acknowledged Transmission) • participates at RRC (Request,..)• Handover & Cell (Re-)Selection• (De-)Ciphering,....

UE as CN counterpart, e.g.:• Mobility Management

(Location Registration, Authentication,IMEI Check, ...)

• Service Request &Bearer Negotiation

Fig. 12


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User Equipment Diversification

UMTS will be able to offer an extremely large variety of applications. The conventional GSM services (bearer and tele services) equivalent to the GSM Rel. '99 will be available. In addition, a large number of new services will become globally available in the form of flexible bearer services with adaptable, dynamic data rates of up to 2 Mbit/s thanks to the flexible definition of services allowed by the UMTS VHE (Virtual Home Environment) concept.

As a result, the proven GSM telecommunication services, such as speech transmission (with flexible rates – Adaptive Multirate Speech AMR), SMS and fax transmission along with data transmissions at low data rates will be possible in UMTS.

Added to this, UMTS will allow versatile applications, particularly in the area of data transmission with medium and high data rates (simultaneous speech, image and data transmission). Examples of the use of UMTS UE include the following:

��Company data transmission (e.g. teleworking, mobile offices, virtual work groups, etc.)

��Information research (e.g., Internet surfing, online media, etc.)

��Education (e.g., virtual schools, online laboratories, libraries, viewings, etc.)

��Entertainment (e.g., games, music clips, video clip, etc. on demand)

��Public services (e.g., surveys, public voting)

��Telemetric services (e.g., navigation systems, fleet management, etc.)

��Financial services (e.g., mobile banking, online payment, USIM as credit card, etc.)

��Special services (e.g., security, telemedicine, hotlines, etc.)

Buzz words and catchphrases such as "Internet for everyone", "multimedia services" and "global, seamless roaming, anytime, anywhere, for everyone" indicate a huge potential for applications that may not yet even be conceived.



27

Bluetooth

/ IR

Integrated equipment:

„Handheld PC“

(Multimedia)

Simple equipment:

• speech only /

• speech & low data rates

UE

Diversification UE as relays node

to Terminal Equipment

Special equipment, e.g.:

• writing pads

• remote supervision

• game boys

Video-Phone

Fig. 13


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29

3 Core Network CN

Network Summary &

Siemens Solution

Core Network CN

PSTN

X.25

GSM

BSS

UTRAN

ISDNIWF/

TC

Gb

Iu(PS)

Gi

GMSC

GGSN

CN

IP

MSC /

VLR

SGSN

HLR ACEIRCSE

Iu(CS)

A

Gn

U-MSC

HLR-i

Fig. 14


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Integrated U-MSC

The Integrated U-MSC consists of a MSC/VLR functionality to handle CS traffic and a SGSN functionality to handle PS traffic.

The U-MSC can roughly be divided into the following sub-units:

��EWSD CS1.0 platform

��ATM Main Processor MP platform

��ATM Server Processor SP platform

EWSD CS1.0 platform

The EWSD CS1.0 with UMTS applications covers the "classical" 2G MSC- and the VLR-functionality. In addition, it provides an internal interface for 3G CS data to the ATM platforms. The EWSD part serves the A-interface towards the GSM BSS, the D-interface towards the HLR and the E-interface towards other U-MSC respectively the 2G G-MSC.

The EWSD platform part comprises the following main hardware components:

��Line Trunk Groups LTG

��Switching Network SN

��Coordination Processor CP113

��Message Buffer MB

��Central Clock Generator CCG

Furthermore, for CS-data handling, the Signaling System Network Control SSNC is necessary (implemented in the ATM MP platform part).

ATM Main Processor MP platform

The ATM MP platform part incorporates the Signaling System Network Control SSNC for CS SS7 (MTP & SCCP) handling. Its central aspect is the handling of PS data, i.e. the SGSN functionality. It connects the U-MSC towards HLR-i (Gr-interface) and towards UTRAN (Iu-interface). Internally, it is connected to the ATM SP platform parts and to the EWSD platform part.



31

Integrated U-MSCBlock Diagram

ASNATM

Switching

Network

LIC:E1

MP:SM

MP:SLT

MP:RANAP

TCP

LIC:E1/STM1

MP:PD/SH

MP:MM

MP:ACC

MP:STM1

MP:STATS

MP:OAM

LIC:GTP

SP:GTP

MCP

LIC:STM1

LTG

LTG

SNSwitching

Network

MB

LTG

CCG

CP113

EWSD

platform

ATM SP platformATM MP platform

Switch

Commander

G-MSCEHLR/

AC

C/D

HLR/

AC

Gr

RNCIu

GGSNGn

LTG: Line/Trunk Group

CCG: Central Clock Generator

CP: Coordination Processor

MB: Message Buffer

LIC: Line Interface Circuit

TCP: TRAU Server Card

MCP: Main Control Processor

Main Processor MP for:

SM: Signaling Management

SLT: SS7 Signaling Link

Termination

RANAP: RANAP Signaling

PD/SH: Packet Dispatching

& Session Handling

MM: Mobility Management

ACC: Accounting

STATS: Statistics

ServiceProcessor MP for:

GTP: GTP Signaling

Fig. 15


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The ATM MP platform part comprises the following main hardware components:

��Main Processors MP: used for the operating system and the application software. All PS specific functions (e.g. Session Management SM, Mobility Management MM, Packet Dispatching PD) are realized on the MPs. Furthermore, some CS specific functions are realized on MPs. The software load types running on the MPs are: MP:PD/SH (Packet Dispatching & Session Handling), MP:MM (Mobility Management), MP:SM (Signaling Management), MP:SLT (SS7 Signaling Link Termination), MP:ACC (Accounting), MP:RANAP(RANAP signaling), MP:OAM (O&M tasks), MP:STATS (statistics).

��Line Interface Cards LIC: within the ATM MP platform providing connectivity to the ASN from Gr-interface (LIC:E1), Iu-interface (LIC:E1 or LIC:STM1) and line interfaces to the ATM SP platform (LIC:STM1)

��ATM Switching Network, to interconnect the MPs and LICs

��TRAU server card TSC: the TSC is responsible for transcoding and rate adaptation of the CS data and the Interworking Function IWF toward the Iu-interface.

ATM SP platform

The ATM SP platform parts handle is used for the support of the Gb interface toward the GSM BSS, i.e. for conversion of Frame Relay to ATM. Furthermore, it is used for Gn support toward other GPRS nodes (GGSN, SGSN), i.e. for protocol conversion from internal U-MSC protocol to the GRPS Tunneling Protocol GTP and IP protocol.

The ATM SP platform part comprises the following main hardware components:

��Server Processors SP: used for the operating system and the application software. The SP:GTP handles the Gn-interface aspects and user plane aspects for the Iu-interface. The SP:BSSGP handles Gb-interface aspects.

��Line Interface Cards LIC: used to connect the ATM SP platform parts to the Gn- or Gb-interface.

��Main Control Processor card MCP: used e.g. for the central control of the system, stores the system software and system configuration parameters.



33

SIEMENS

ATM SP platform

SIEMENS

ATM MP

platform

SIEMENS

EWSD

platform

U-MSC

General Architecture

GSM

BSS

UTRAN

ATM SPplatform

ATM SPplatform

GMSC

GGSN

EWSDplatform

EWSDplatform

ATM SPplatform

ATM SPplatform

ATM

MPplatform

ATM

MPplatform

HLR-i

U-MSC

Iu

AE

D

Gn

GrGb

Fig. 16


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HLR Innovation HLR-i

The HLR-i is based on a server platform with UNIX operating system, the GP7000 family. It performs HLR and Authentication Center AC functionality for GSM and UMTS and will be used from UCR 2.0 on. The UMTS security parameter (Authentication Vector or Quintets) is enhanced compared to the GSM security parameter (Triples).



35

GP7000 Model 600R

GP7000 Model 400R

GP7000 Model 200R

HLR-iGP7000 family

HLR & AC

functions

Fig. 17


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37

4 Operation Subsystem OSS

PSTN

X.25

ISDN

IP

IWF/

TC

GMSC

GGSN

MSC /

VLR

SGSN

HLR ACEIRCSEUTRAN

TRAU

B

S

C

BTS

R

N

C

BTS

Node B(n x BTS)

Node B(n x BTS)

UE

Network Summary &

Siemens SolutionBSS

OSSRCRadio Commander

SCSwitch Commander

Operation Subsystem OSS

Fig. 18


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Operation Subsystem OSS

The OSS is realized in element managers, which consists of Switch Commander SC for administration of CN network elements and of Radio Commander RC for administration of RNS network elements. The O&M for CN and RNS are independent of each other. The SC and RC can be connected with network elements of CN and RNS via PSDN (X.25) or LAN (TCP/IP). The OSS also provides Mediation Functions MF for communication with a higher-ranking Operations System OS conforming to TMN.

The basic function of the SC and RC comprise:

��Access protection mechanism

��Graphical User Interface GUI

��Online help

��Computer and database structure

Switch Commander SC

The SC controls the different CN network elements. It comprises the SC Servers for CN and the Craft Terminals CT, which are connected to the SC servers via a LAN. The SC servers and CTs are commercial computers (Windows NT servers / PCs).

The basic O&M functions in the SC for the CN nodes include:

��Fault Management FM

��Configuration Management CM

��Accounting Management AM

��Performance Management PM

��Security Management SM

��Autopatch: Automated delivery of software corrections

General O&M functions, which include all UMTS subsystems:

��Overload handling

��Recovery procedure



39

CTCraft

Terminal

Switch Commander SCNSS

& GPRS

SMSecurity Management

SC

Server

GUIGraphical User Interface

AMAccounting Management

SWMSoftware Management

FMMFault & Maintenance Management

CMConfiguration Management

Autopatch*Automatic patch supply

X.25or

Q3(TCP/IP)

GGSNU-MSC

GMSC

HLR-i

CT

LAN

PMPerformance Management

Autopatch*: automated delivery of SW corrections

Fig. 19


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Radio Commander SC

The RC is used for O&M of the UTRAN and GSM BSS network elements. The RC comprises the O&M Processors OMPs for RNS and the O&M Terminals OMT, which are connected to the OMP via LAN. The OMP and OMT in this case represent client and server of a client-server LAN architecture.

The OMP is a commercially available computer (SUN Sparc/Workgroup or Enterprise), the OMT is a graphical workstation WS for Graphical User Interface GUI and Command Line Interface CLI access.

The OMPs are connected via LAN (TCP/IP) or PSDN (X.25) to the RNC or BSC. All other network elements are connected via RNC / BSC to the RC.

The basic O&M functions in the RC for the RNS / BSS network elements include:




��Software Management SWM

��RNS manuals on OMT



41

OMTO&M

Terminal

Radio Commander RC

BSC

BSS

TRAULMT

RNC

UTRAN

CMConfiguration Management

RNS Manual on OMT

OMPOperation &

Maintenance

Processor

LMT

BTSE

Node B

FMFault Management

PMPerformance Management

SWMSoftware Management

GUIGraphical User Interface

SMSecurity Management

MFMediation function*

X.25or

Q3(TCP/IP)

Mediation function: protocol converting TMN components / RC – RNCs

LAN

Fig. 20


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43

5 Exercise


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45

Exercise

Title: Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Objectives: The participant is able to summary central UTRAN aspects and to overview the Siemens UMTS solution.

Pre-requisite: none

Task

Please answer the following questions!

Query

1. The Node B

��implements one or more cells

��is an ATM termination point

��participates in Inner Loop Power Control

��is responsible for Softer Handover

��all of above

2. The Node B is responsible for

��encoding, interleaving and ciphering

��encoding, interleaving and rate matching

��spreading modulation and mobility management

��ciphering, encoding and rate matching

3. What is true according the Channelization Code tree?

��The smaller the Spreading Factor the longer the Channelization Code

��The longer the code the higher the bit / data rate

��Different codes of the same length are orthogonal

��Codes of different length are always orthogonal


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4. QPSK

��is a type of amplitude modulation with four different states

��is a phase modulation technique with four different states

��is used for EDGE

��is fundamental for CDMA

��is used on the Uu interface

5. The RNC:

��is responsible for autonomously Radio Resource Management

��is responsible for all Handover decisions

��requests the CN for support in case of Inter-MSC/SGSN Handover

��is responsible for Backward Error Correction

��is responsible for Forward Error Correction

��is responsible for Ciphering / De-Ciphering

��is responsible for Transcoding

��is responsible for Admission Control

��is responsible for RNS control

6. Power Control:

��The RNC is involved in all types of Power Control

��The RNC is involved in Open Loop Power Control

��The RNC is involved in Outer Loop Power Control

��Power Control is not needed in case of macro diversity



47

7. Admission Control:

��is an identity check

��is an equipment identity check

��is the user authentication in the network

��is used to prevent overload on Uu

��is a task of the S-RNC functionality

��is a task of the D-RNC functionality

8. S-RNC relocation

��occurs when an RNC gives up its serving functionality for an UE to an neighboring RNC

��means a modification of the network configuration, i.e. the RNC service area

��means changing a location area within a RNC and can be done dynamically

��is done by the S-RNC in cas of Iur overload

��is decided by the CN

9. The Siemens RNC RN-750:

��is an ATM switch

��consists of one rack

��consists of three or four frames

��is highly configurable

��is responsible for RNC, Node B and TRAU supervision


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10. The UE with the CN as a counterpart is involved in:

��Mobility Management

��Bearer Negotiation & Services Request

��Handover Control and Cell Re-Selection

��Power Control

11. The UMTS UE:

��is participating in (de-) ciphering

��is performing (de-) spreading

��is participating in Backward Error Correction

��is always performing Cell Re-Selection instead of Handover

��is always performing Handover and never Cell Re-Selection

��is performing Handover in case of CS traffic

12. True/False:

��Once UMTS is introduced, there will be no need for Bluetooth

��All UEs will be capable of satellite roaming due to the IMT-2000 4-zone concept

��The UE incorporates a mass storage instead on a SIM card

��The UE will always include video-telephony / -conference capabilities

��none of the above



49

13. The Siemens U-MSC:

��performs MSC & VLR functionality

��performs SGSN functionality

��performs HLR and AC functionality

��performs transcoding functionality

��performs all CN functionalities

14. The Siemens U-MSC

��can be used for UMTS only

��can be used for UMTS and GSM

��is based on an ATM platform

��is based on EWSD platform

��is used for RNC supervision

��is used for RNC and BSC supervision

��all of the above

15. The Radio and Switch Commander perform:






��Billing Management BM


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51

6 Solution


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53

Solution

Title: Network Summary & Siemens Solution

Objectives: The participant is able to summary central UTRAN aspects and to overview the Siemens UMTS solution.

Pre-requisite: none

Task

In the following section, there are the answers to the exercises.

Query

1. The Node B

��implements one or more cells

��is an ATM termination point

��participates in Inner Loop Power Control

��is responsible for Softer Handover

��all of above

2. The Node B is responsible for

��encoding, interleaving and ciphering

��encoding, interleaving and rate matching

��spreading modulation and mobility management

��ciphering, encoding and rate matching

3. What is true according the Channelization Code tree?

��The smaller the Spreading Factor the longer the Channelization Code

��The longer the code the higher the bit / data rate

��Different codes of the same length are orthogonal

��Codes of different length are always orthogonal


TM2201EU04TM_0002

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54

4. QPSK

��is a type of amplitude modulation with four different states

��is a phase modulation technique with four different states

��is used for EDGE

��is fundamental for CDMA

��is used on the Uu interface

5. The RNC:

��is responsible for autonomously Radio Resource Management

��is responsible for all Handover decisions

��requests the CN for support in case of Inter-MSC/SGSN Handover

��is responsible for Backward Error Correction

��is responsible for Forward Error Correction

��is responsible for Ciphering / De-Ciphering

��is responsible for Transcoding

��is responsible for Admission Control

��is responsible for RNS control

6. Power Control:

��The RNC is involved in all types of Power Control

��The RNC is involved in Open Loop Power Control

��The RNC is involved in Outer Loop Power Control

��Power Control is not needed in case of macro diversity



55

7. Admission Control:

��is an identity check

��is an equipment identity check

��is the user authentication in the network

��is used to prevent overload on Uu

��is a task of the S-RNC functionality

��is a task of the D-RNC functionality

8. S-RNC relocation

��occurs when an RNC gives up its serving functionality for an UE to an neighboring RNC

��means a modification of the network configuration, i.e. the RNC service area

��means changing a location area within a RNC and can be done dynamically

��is done by the S-RNC in cas of Iur overload

��is decided by the CN

9. The Siemens RNC RN-750:

��is an ATM switch

��consists of one rack

��consists of three or four frames

��is highly configurable

��is responsible for RNC, Node B and TRAU supervision


TM2201EU04TM_0002

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56

10. The UE with the CN as a counterpart is involved in:

��Mobility Management

��Bearer Negotiation & Services Request

��Handover Control and Cell Re-Selection

��Power Control

11. The UMTS UE:

��is participating in (de-) ciphering

��is performing (de-) spreading

��is participating in Backward Error Correction

��is always performing Cell Re-Selection instead of Handover

��is always performing Handover and never Cell Re-Selection

��is performing Handover in case of CS traffic

12. True/False:

��Once UMTS is introduced, there will be no need for Bluetooth

��All UEs will be capable of satellite roaming due to the IMT-2000 4-zone concept

��The UE incorporates a mass storage instead on a SIM card

��The UE will always include video-telephony / -conference capabilities

��none of the above



57

13. The Siemens U-MSC:

��performs MSC & VLR functionality

��performs SGSN functionality

��performs HLR and AC functionality

��performs transcoding functionality

��performs all CN functionalities

14. The Siemens U-MSC

��can be used for UMTS only

��can be used for UMTS and GSM

��is based on an ATM platform

��is based on EWSD platform

��is used for RNC supervision

��is used for RNC and BSC supervision

��all of the above

15. The Radio and Switch Commander perform:






��Billing Management BM


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Documents

UMTS Network Summary