Ummayah DynastyUmmayah Dynasty

أمية بني أمية دولة بني دولة

41-132 H41-132 H

North Africa and AndalusiaNorth Africa and Andalusia

Umayyahأمية

Abu Al-’Aasالعاص أبو

Harbحرب

Abu-Sufyanسفيان أبو

Mu’aweyahمعاوية

Al-Hakamالحكم

Marwanمروان

Yazidيزيد

Mu’aweyahمعاوية

Muhammadمحمد

�Abdul-Azizالعزيز عبد

Abdul-Malikالملك عبد

Marwanمروان

Omarعمر

Hishamهشام

Yazidيزيد

Sulaymanسليمان

Al-Walidالوليد

Yazidيزيد

Al-Walidالوليد

11

4

1

6 58

10

9712

2

3

Mu'aweyah 41-60 H

Yazid I 61-64 H

Mu'aweyah II

Abdullah bin Al-Zubayr 64-73 H

Abdul-Malik 73-86 H

Alwalid 86-96 H

Sulayman

Umar bin Abdul-Aziz

Yazid II

Hisham

Alwalid II

Yazid III

Marwan bin Muhammad

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Al-Walid bin Abdul-MalikAl-Walid bin Abdul-Malik

• Reviving Conquests:

– Sind (Indus): Muhammad bin Al-Qasim– Khurasan: Qutaybah bin Muslim– Andalus: Musa bin Nusayr and Tariq bin

Ziyad.– Byzantium; Maslamh bin Abdul-Malik

Al-Walid bin Abdul-MalikAl-Walid bin Abdul-Malik

• Reviving Conquests:

– Sind (Indus): Muhammad bin Al-Qasim– Khurasan: Qutaybah bin Muslim– Andalus: Musa bin Nusayr and Tariq bin

Ziyad.– Byzantium; Maslamh bin Abdul-Malik

Al-Andalus

• Continuation to the Conquests in North Africa.

• Review of North African Conquests in Islam

20-22 H (Time of Omar bin Al-Khattab)Amr bin Al-’Aas conquers Egyptand stops at Tripoli based on orders from Omar bin Al-Khattab (ra)

23-24 H (Time of Uthman bin Affan)Abdullah bin Abi As-Sarh advances and defeats the Byzantinesand retreats without leaving Islamic authority.

46 H (Time of Mu’aweyah)Mu’aweyah bin Hudayj advances and defeats the ByzantinesAnd, again, retreats without leaving Islamic authority.

50 H (at the time of Mu’aweyah)Uqba bin Nafe’ becomes Governor of North Africain Barqa. He leads 10,000 and builds Al-Qayrawanto establish a strong base in a place of many rebellions.

Uqba’s First ExpeditionUqba’s First Expedition

55 H (Time of Mu’aweyah)Dinar Abu Al-Muhajer advances and defeats the ByzantinesAnd the Berber into today’s Algeria.Kusaylah, leader of Berber claims Islam.

62-64 H (at the time of Yazid bin Mu’aweyah)Uqba bin Nafe’ reappointed Governor of North Africain Qayrawan. He leads an army and reaches Tangier and the Atlantic Ocean.

Uqba’s Second ExpeditionUqba’s Second Expedition

64 H (at the time of Yazid bin Mu’aweyah)Uqba bin Nafe’ is killed in a battle against Kusaylah, the Berber rebel. Kusaylah takes Qayrawan.

65 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Zuhair bin Qays Al-Balwi becomes the Governer, He moves to Barqa and regroups.

65 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Zuhair bin Qays Al-Balwi attacks Kusaylah and kills himin Qayrawan.

69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Zuhair bin Qays Al-Balwi’s army is attacked by the ByzantinesIn Barqa. Zuhair is killed. But Barqa remains with the Muslims.

69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan becomes the Governer, The Byzantines are in Carthage. The Berber rebelled under Dahya (aka Al-Kahinah). Times of Tribulation in Islamic State

69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan leads an expedition againstthe Byzantines in Carthage. Also against the Berber under Dahya (aka Al-Kahinah)

Hassan’s First ExpeditionHassan’s First Expedition

69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan faces against the Berber under Dahya (aka Al-Kahinah) and defeated in the battle of Al-Bala’(The Tribulation)

Hassan’s First ExpeditionHassan’s First Expedition

69 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan retreats to Qayrawan and asks the help of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan.

78 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan regroups in Qayrawan and faces against the Byzantine in Carthage. He destroys the Byzantines and kicks them out of North Africa forever. Builds a city and callsit Tunis.

Hassan’s Second ExpeditionHassan’s Second Expedition

82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan moves to reface Dahya (Al-Kahinah)In a great battle of (The Well of Al-Kahinah)

Hassan’s Second ExpeditionHassan’s Second Expedition

82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan moves to reface Dahya (Al-Kahinah)In a great battle of (The Well of Al-Kahinah)

Hassan’s Second ExpeditionHassan’s Second Expedition

82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan moves to reface Dahya (Al-Kahinah)In a great battle of (The Well of Al-Kahinah)

Hassan’s Second ExpeditionHassan’s Second Expedition

82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan destroys the Berber army and Recaptures North Africa for Islam.

Hassan’s Second ExpeditionHassan’s Second Expedition

82 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan destroys the Berber army and Recaptures North Africa for Islam.

Hassan’s Second ExpeditionHassan’s Second Expedition

85 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Hassan bin Al-Numan is removed from North Africa to Damascus.He is martyred fighting the Byzantines in Syria.

85 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Musa bin Nusayr becomes the Governor of North Africa.

Musa bin Nusayr

• Establishing Islam in North Africa.• It took around 70 years (20-90 H) to settle

Islam in North Africa.• Resume the spreading of Islam:

– Sicily 86 H– Mallorca (Majorca) 89 H– Menorca 89 H

• Considering Andalusia. Asking the permission of Al-Walid (90 H- 709 CE)

85 H (at the time of Abdul-Malik bin Marwan)Musa bin Nusayr starts the advance beyond North Africaand into Europe.

Andalusia

• The conditions at 90 H.

• The Goths. Roderigo vs. Witiza

• Tareq bin Ziad

• The alliance with Julian, the Governor of Cueta.

Ramadan 91 H710 CEThe Expedition of Tarif

Ramadan 91 H710 CEThe Expedition of TarifCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

Rajab 92 H711 CEThe Invasion of TareqCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

6000-7000

Rajab 92 H711 CEThe Invasion of TareqCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Sha’ban 92 H711 CEThe Invasion of TareqCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Shaban 92 H711 CEThe Invasion of TareqCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Shaban 92 H711 CEThe Invasion of TareqCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Shaban 92 H711 CEThe Invasion of TareqCueta

Tangier

Granada

CordovaSevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

92 H711 CE

Toledo

92 H711 CE

Toledo

100,000 Chivalry

92 H711 CE

Toledo

Help from Musa bin Nusayr5000 led by Tarif

Ramadan 92 H711 CE

Tarif

Rodrigo

Tareq

Sidonia

Valley of L

akka

Ramadan 92 H711 CE

Tarif

Rodrigo

Tareq

Sidonia

Valley of L

akka

Ramadan 92 H711 CE

Tarif

Rodrigo

Tareq

Sidonia

Valley of L

akka

Ramadan 92 H711 CE

Tarif

Rodrigo

Tareq

Sidonia

Valley of L

akka

Ramadan 92 H711 CE

Tarif

Rodrigo

Tareq

Sidonia

Valley of L

akka

Ramadan 92 H711 CE

Tarif

Tareq

Sidonia

Valley of L

akka

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Sevilla

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr fears for the fastadvance and orders Tareq to stop

92 H711 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr leasd an army of 18,000 and crosses to Andalusia

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr leasd an army of 18,000 and crosses to Andalusia

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr’s fears become true when Seville rebels

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr besieged Seville

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Seville

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr takes Seville back

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Talavera

Lisbon

Salamanca

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr sends his son Abdul-Aziz to secure the West and East (Protect the flanks).

Seville

Malaga

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr moves forward (with his flanks protected) to Merida and Talavera

Seville

Talavera

Merida

93 H712 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr moves to Merida and TalaveraSeville

Talavera

Merida

94 H713 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr moves to meet tareq in ToledoSeville

Talavera

Merida

94 H713 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

94 H713 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

94 H713 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

94 H713 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

95 H714 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

95 H714 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

Leon

95 H714 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

Leon

95 H714 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Bin Nusayr and tareq combined forcesSeville

Talavera

Merida

Leon

95 H714 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Orders from Al-Walid to stop and come to DamascusSeville

Talavera

Merida

Leon

95 H714 CE

Toledo

CuetaTangier

Granada

Cordova

Jabal Tareq (Gibraltar)

Lisbon

Salamanca

Malaga

Murcia

Valencia

Tarragona

BarcelonaZaragoza

Narbonne

Ecija

Orders from Al-Walid to stop and come to DamascusSeville

Talavera

Merida

Leon

Bin Nusayr’s Ambition

Musa and Tareq

Musa and Tareq

Qutaybah bin Muslim

Muhamad Bin Al-Qasem

Maslamah bin Abdul-Malik

Al-Walid bin Abdul-MalikAl-Walid bin Abdul-Malik

• (50-96 H) Khilafah 86-96H

• Internal Rebuilding

• Reviving Conquests.– Sind (Indus): Muhammad bin Al-Qasim– Khurasan: Qutaybah bin Muslim– Andalus: Musa bin Nusayr and Tariq bin Ziyad.– Byzantium; Maslamh bin Abdul-Malik

Al-Walid bin Abdul-MalikAl-Walid bin Abdul-Malik

• Internal Rebuilding

– Expanding Masjid of Madina (87-88 H)

– Building the Great Masjid of Damascus (88 H)